CORRUPTION

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Interview with Matthew Friedman During these presentations, I have learned the following: • Within most corporations, only the compliance and legal personnel appear to know anything about this problem. But even their understanding is limited. They know the legal basis, but do not understand the overall context. • The corporate leadership tends to have a very superficial understanding. I met one CEO who said he was shocked that he did not know more about this topic. Most of the leadership appears to be sincerely interested in helping. • Business risk continues to be the emphasis of most discussions. • After listening to the information, some companies said they would like to do more, but they are afraid to “put themselves out there with this kind of sensitive issue.” They are afraid of being “named and shamed.” The good news is that companies are interested in working on the topic, but would prefer to do it in collaboration with other companies. What they want is a clear, practical approach to using the comparative advantage of their organization. They said they do not have time for a lot of meetings and discussions. In summary, there appears to be a leadership and organizational void within the business world. Although there is good leadership within anti-human trafficking organizations working on this topic, there is no mechanism of combining all aspects from the business and NGO worlds. If this could be developed, there would be a great opportunity for much more impact. There is so much potential for good that is being lost. In our small way, we have been able to improve collaboration and involvement, without much effort. A mechanism to set this up would be simple: Someone just needs to step up and make it happen. International Affairs Forum Interview by Alexandra Gilliard Matthew Friedman is an international human trafficking expert with more than 27 years of experience as an activist, program designer, evaluator, and manager. He is currently the Chief Executive Officer for The Mekong Club, an organization of Hong Kong-based private sector business people who have joined forces to fight human trafficking in Asia, which he also co-founded. From 2006 to 2012, Friedman was the Regional Project Manager of the United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking (UNIAP) in Thailand, an interagency coordinating body that links the United Nations system with governments and civil society groups in China, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Prior to this (1991-2006), Friedman worked for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in Thailand, Bangladesh, and Nepal. During this period, he designed and managed both country and regional human trafficking programs, helped to establish a counter- trafficking regional training center, and participated in resource mobilization and production of two award-winning international films about sex trafficking in Nepal and India. 84
International Affairs Forum Fall 2016 The Potential Correlation Between Migrant Discrimination, Human Trafficking, and Smuggling Dr. Erin Denton London School of Economics and Political Science This article is an exploratory discussion of implicit bias and in-group preferences that have marred the contemporary humanitarian migrant crisis. This article’s primary scope is the potential correlation between migrant discrimination, human trafficking, and smuggling. Trafficking and migrant narratives are often presented as pejorative generalizations of the population in question. Such generalizations bolster conceptions of “Otherness” as tangible continuums of space and time, perpetuating societal modalities that foster inequality. This article addresses issues inherent to implicit bias, the praxis of defining the migrant as the “Other”, the creation of heterotopic migrant spaces, and the potential for migrant victimization. The current economic, legal, political, and social context of the European Union has seen an increase in the number of migrants arriving as asylum seekers and refugees. During the summer of 2015, the unprecedented surge in the number of asylum seekers arriving at the European territory resulted in diverging state and public responses. This humanitarian crisis revealed that state and public security often veiled notions of state and public insecurity. Also, this humanitarian crisis revealed issues inherent to principles of non-refoulement as described in the 1951 Refugee Convention. The migrant as Other is exemplified by the onto-praxis of internment camps and confined segregation. He or she is unwelcome; he or she is uninvited. Why? Article 33 of the 1951 Refugee Convention is the primary legal instrument employed to protect refugees from policies of refoulement. It states, in part: No Contracting State shall expel or return (“refouler”) a refugee in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The provision proscribes sovereign states from returning a refugee to a territory where his life or freedom is threatened for one or more of the aforementioned conditions in the Convention’s Article 33. This proscription, however, is muddled. Contracting states “bound” to the Convention have employed various interpretations of the policy of non-refoulement. In essence, Article 33 grants asylum seekers a de facto right to enter or be admitted to host territories. From the individual migrant’s perspective, the issue is not entirely that of the right to be admitted into a territory: His concerns start long before he reaches a host territory, his issues begin with fearing a threat to their lives, and his anxieties are deeply embedded in their experiences of discrimination in their country of origin. They do not seek a better life: they seek a life free from threats and persecution. Migrants are the Other long before their Fall 2016 85
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Fall 2016 Volume 7, Issue 2 CORRUPT
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HUMAN TRAFFICKING 73 Interview with
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Political Will - or Political Won
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Page 50 and 51: New Methods to Engage Civil Society
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Page 74 and 75: 73 Interview with Dr. Myria Vassili
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Lessons Learned by NGOs in the Figh
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REFERENCES AND FOOTNOTES Corruption
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%e2%80%9chow-to%e2%80%9d/, 25 Novem
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1 By Law No. 228/2003. 2 In particu
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Shen, Anqi (2015). Offending Women
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direct experience of some of the is
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Contributors in this issue: Corrupt
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