Without A Home: The National Youth Homelessness Survey

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REPORT FORMAT The report is organized in the following way: SECTION 2 – WHO IS HOMELESS? In seeking to better understand youth homelessness in Canada, this section explores the diversity of youth who find themselves without housing. Youth’s intersecting identities shape their pathways into, and experiences of, homelessness. This section explores the make up of the population of youth experiencing homelessness, focusing on gender (including transgender and gender non-binary youth), LGBTQ2S youth, members of racialized communities, Indigenous youth, and newcomers to Canada. SECTION 3 – BECOMING HOMELESS In this section we examine the factors that contribute to youth homelessness. We explore a range of determinants, including family conflict, a history of abuse, involvement in child protection services, and challenges at school. We also explore pathways into homelessness, including when young people first experience homelessness and their history of housing instability. SECTION 4 – LIFE ON THE STREETS: THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING HOMELESS In this section we examine what happens once young people become homeless. We focus on their housing situation and the length of time they spend without housing (chronicity), as well as their health, mental health, and well-being. We also explore young people’s involvement in employment, education and crime, as well as their experience of criminal victimization. Importantly, we conclude by exploring assets and resilience among young people experiencing homelessness. All too often we only consider risk factors and impacts. Our research shows that we must also understand the strengths of young people and the importance of supportive relationships. 24 WITHOUT A HOME: THE NATIONAL YOUTH HOMELESSNESS SURVEY
SECTION 5 – DISCUSSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE The findings of Without a Home point to the dire consequences of our current approach to youth homelessness and underscore the need for policy and practice change. In this section, we review the needs of priority populations and make policy and practice recommendations. Given the long and difficult pathways into homelessness for many young people, we suggest the need for a prevention model to end youth homelessness. In response to the clear harms that result from prolonged homelessness, we argue more should be done to move young people out of homelessness as quickly as possible. Building on these recommendations, we explore opportunities for systems-based community planning, education and employment, as well as options for addressing mental health challenges, and building resilience and assets. SECTION 6 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the preceding discussion, this section provides a range of recommendations that will shift our response to preventing and ending youth homelessness, and provide better outcomes for those who experience it. WITHOUT A HOME: THE NATIONAL YOUTH HOMELESSNESS SURVEY 25
Page 1 and 2: without a home: The National Youth
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 5 and 6: YOUTH HOMELESSNESS continues to be
Page 7 and 8: BECOMING HOMELESS: PATHWAYS INTO HO
Page 9 and 10: 3. Involvement in Child Protection
Page 11 and 12: • High levels of chronicity - Alm
Page 13 and 14: • Transitional supports for young
Page 15 and 16: • We must intervene before youth
Page 17 and 18: 4. Community strategies should nece
Page 19 and 20: YOUTH HOMELESSNESS is a significant
Page 21 and 22: Our approach to data analysis was d
Page 23: METHODOLOGY How was the research co
Page 27 and 28: YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE HOMELESS (ages
Page 29 and 30: Young people can be grouped into th
Page 31 and 32: 2.4 LGBTQ2S Youth Research on youth
Page 33 and 34: SECTION 3: BECOMING HOMELESS
Page 35 and 36: Finally, structural factors contrib
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 1 Pathways into homelessness
Page 39 and 40: FIGURE 2 Age of first homelessness
Page 41 and 42: Importantly, our data also shows th
Page 43 and 44: Personal factors contributing to ho
Page 45 and 46: It should be expected that young pe
Page 47 and 48: Transitions from care should be a p
Page 49 and 50: Some important differences exist am
Page 51 and 52: 3.4 Experiences in School While the
Page 53 and 54: at some point during their time in
Page 55 and 56: FIGURE 6 Factors that undermine sch
Page 57 and 58: THE PATHWAYS INTO HOMELESSNESS ARE
Page 59 and 60: 4.1 Housing Housing instability is
Page 61 and 62: 60% of the chronically homeless pop
Page 63 and 64: When we asked young people how many
Page 65 and 66: Within the sample, 42% of participa
Page 67 and 68: violence makes the impact of pre-st
Page 69 and 70: Our analysis indicates that money m
Page 71 and 72: Money from family and friends Recei
Page 73 and 74: Debt load and cheque cashing Past r
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53.2% of youth experiencing homeles
Page 77 and 78:
According to our analysis, selling
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Criminal victimization amongst the
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TABLE 23 Sexual assault: Gender In
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TABLE 25 People you can count on Do
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8.2% responded negatively (disagree
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TABLE 27 Self-esteem Levels of self
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“I NEVER QUIT. I moved forward th
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THE WITHOUT A HOME STUDY IS THE FIR
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Colonialism, intergenerational trau
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Our findings indicate that those wh
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As suggested above, the current res
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5.3 The Need to Help Young People M
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The consequences and outcomes of be
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service providers (mainstream as we
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The implications of this research f
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5.7 Building Resilience, Assets, an
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Reconnecting with family While fami
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IS THERE ANYTHING YOU WANT TO SHARE
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PREVENTING AND ENDING YOUTH HOMELES
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2. Provincial and Territorial Gover
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2.4 Provincial Ministries of Justic
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3.4 Community strategies should nec
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3.9 Mental health and addictions ne
Page 123 and 124:
Courtney, ME, Skyles, A, Miranda, G
Page 125 and 126:
Nichols, N. (2013). Nobody ‘Signs
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