Without A Home: The National Youth Homelessness Survey

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Evidence of childhood trauma and abuse is often a key reason that child protection services become involved and, in some cases, take youth into care. Unfortunately, not all cases of abuse are identified and involve intervention by authorities. Of those young people who report a history of physical, sexual, and other forms of abuse in childhood, 63.8% were involved in child protection and 50.3% were taken into care. One key consideration is that a full third of those who experienced abuse do not report any involvement with child protection services (30.3%). LIKELIHOOD OF INVOLVEMENT WITH CHILD PROTECTION SERVICES 70.8% transgender & gender non-binary youth 56.9% cisgender youth 62.8% LGBTQ2S youth 55.8% straight youth Placement in foster care or group homes Almost one half of all young people surveyed (47.2%) were not only involved in child protection, they also had a history of placements in foster care and/or group homes. Of the 35.2% who had been in foster care, 53% had been removed from the home before the age of ten. Among youth who had been in care, 51.9% were in care between the ages of 16 and 19. <strong>The</strong> average number of foster care placements was 3.68, but it should be noted that 60.9% reported 3 or fewer placements. “I didn’t like the group home because this girl was always trying to fight me and I got tired of it, so I left and social workers sent me on a Greyhound to Edmonton so I could stay at a shelter.” 47.2% had a history of placements in foster care and/or group homes WOMAN, 20 48 WITHOUT A HOME: THE NATIONAL YOUTH HOMELESSNESS SURVEY
Some important differences exist amongst youth experiencing homelessness with respect to their involvement with child protection services. Our survey found that those who left home for the first time before the age of 16 were much more likely to report involvement with child protection services (73.3%) than were those who left home for the first time between 16-18 (52.4%), or 19-24 (28.3%). Transgender and gender non-binary youth were more likely to report child protection services involvement than cisgender youth (70.8% vs. 56.9%), and LGBTQ2S youth were more likely to report involvement with child protection services than straight youth (62.8% vs. 55.8%). Similarly, Indigenous youth (70.5%) were more likely than youth who were members of racialized communities (43.5%) and white youth (55.1%) to report involvement with child protection services. LIKELIHOOD OF PLACEMENT IN FOSTER CARE AND/OR GROUP HOMES 55.6% transgender & gender non-binary youth 65% Indigenous youth 50% LGBTQ2S youth 46.3% straight youth 37% members of racialized communities In considering placement in foster care and/or group homes, those with an early experience of homelessness reported higher rates (62.0%) when compared to youth who first left home between 16-18 (39.7%) or 19-24 (28.7%). Transgender and gender nonbinary youth (55.6%) and Indigenous youth (65%) were more likely to be in foster care and/or group homes. LGBTQ2S youth were slightly more likely than straight youth (50.0% vs. 46.3%) to be in foster care and/or group homes, and youth who were members of racialized communities were less likely (37%). <strong>The</strong> outcomes of difficult transitions from care Difficult transitions from care often result in a range of negative outcomes, not least of which is housing instability and homelessness (Dworsky & Courtney, 2009; Goldstein et al., 2012; Karabanow, 2004; Nichols, 2013, 2014; Serge et al., 2002). Our “I had nothing set up. I was not prepared to move – turned 19 and got told I had to move.” MAN, 24 WITHOUT A HOME: THE NATIONAL YOUTH HOMELESSNESS SURVEY 49
Page 1 and 2: without a home: The National Youth
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 5 and 6: YOUTH HOMELESSNESS continues to be
Page 7 and 8: BECOMING HOMELESS: PATHWAYS INTO HO
Page 9 and 10: 3. Involvement in Child Protection
Page 11 and 12: • High levels of chronicity - Alm
Page 13 and 14: • Transitional supports for young
Page 15 and 16: • We must intervene before youth
Page 17 and 18: 4. Community strategies should nece
Page 19 and 20: YOUTH HOMELESSNESS is a significant
Page 21 and 22: Our approach to data analysis was d
Page 23 and 24: METHODOLOGY How was the research co
Page 25 and 26: SECTION 5 - DISCUSSION: IMPLICATION
Page 27 and 28: YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE HOMELESS (ages
Page 29 and 30: Young people can be grouped into th
Page 31 and 32: 2.4 LGBTQ2S Youth Research on youth
Page 33 and 34: SECTION 3: BECOMING HOMELESS
Page 35 and 36: Finally, structural factors contrib
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 1 Pathways into homelessness
Page 39 and 40: FIGURE 2 Age of first homelessness
Page 41 and 42: Importantly, our data also shows th
Page 43 and 44: Personal factors contributing to ho
Page 45 and 46: It should be expected that young pe
Page 47: Transitions from care should be a p
Page 51 and 52: 3.4 Experiences in School While the
Page 53 and 54: at some point during their time in
Page 55 and 56: FIGURE 6 Factors that undermine sch
Page 57 and 58: THE PATHWAYS INTO HOMELESSNESS ARE
Page 59 and 60: 4.1 Housing Housing instability is
Page 61 and 62: 60% of the chronically homeless pop
Page 63 and 64: When we asked young people how many
Page 65 and 66: Within the sample, 42% of participa
Page 67 and 68: violence makes the impact of pre-st
Page 69 and 70: Our analysis indicates that money m
Page 71 and 72: Money from family and friends Recei
Page 73 and 74: Debt load and cheque cashing Past r
Page 75 and 76: 53.2% of youth experiencing homeles
Page 77 and 78: According to our analysis, selling
Page 79 and 80: Criminal victimization amongst the
Page 81 and 82: TABLE 23 Sexual assault: Gender In
Page 83 and 84: TABLE 25 People you can count on Do
Page 85 and 86: 8.2% responded negatively (disagree
Page 87 and 88: TABLE 27 Self-esteem Levels of self
Page 89 and 90: “I NEVER QUIT. I moved forward th
Page 91 and 92: THE WITHOUT A HOME STUDY IS THE FIR
Page 93 and 94: Colonialism, intergenerational trau
Page 95 and 96: Our findings indicate that those wh
Page 97 and 98: As suggested above, the current res
Page 99 and 100:
5.3 The Need to Help Young People M
Page 101 and 102:
The consequences and outcomes of be
Page 103 and 104:
service providers (mainstream as we
Page 105 and 106:
The implications of this research f
Page 107 and 108:
5.7 Building Resilience, Assets, an
Page 109 and 110:
Reconnecting with family While fami
Page 111 and 112:
IS THERE ANYTHING YOU WANT TO SHARE
Page 113 and 114:
PREVENTING AND ENDING YOUTH HOMELES
Page 115 and 116:
2. Provincial and Territorial Gover
Page 117 and 118:
2.4 Provincial Ministries of Justic
Page 119 and 120:
3.4 Community strategies should nec
Page 121 and 122:
3.9 Mental health and addictions ne
Page 123 and 124:
Courtney, ME, Skyles, A, Miranda, G
Page 125 and 126:
Nichols, N. (2013). Nobody ‘Signs
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