Without A Home: The National Youth Homelessness Survey

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While Indigenous youth were more likely to report selling drugs than non-Indigenous youth, the differences were not statistically significant. However, when we look at the levels of drug selling among Indigenous youth who grew up on reserves versus those who did not, our data shows that those who grew up on reserves are more likely to have sold drugs in their lifetime (73.7% vs. 26.3%). Finally, our findings show that both being tested at school for a learning disability (61%) and being tested for ADHD (39%) are associated with drug dealing. 4.7 Criminal Victimization The youth in our sample were also asked questions about their experiences as victims of crime. Modeled after the Canadian General Social Survey, we asked questions about violent crime victimization and property crime victimization. The specific questions we asked were: PROPERTY CRIME: During the past 12 months did anyone: … deliberately damage or destroy any property belonging to you? … illegally break into or attempt to break into the place where you live? … steal or try to steal anything else that belonged to you? VIOLENT CRIME During the past 12 months: … did anyone take or try to take something from you by force or threat of force? … were you attacked by anyone … did anyone threaten to hit or attack you, or threaten you with a weapon? … has anyone forced you or attempted to force you into any unwanted sexual activity, by threatening you, holding you down or hurting you in some way? … has anyone ever touched you against your will in any sexual way? To assess criminal victimization among these youth, three measures were created. The first, a ‘total victimization’ measure, calculated how many times a participant indicated they were victimized in any of these eight areas. Scores for this measure could range from 0 to 8. A ‘violent crime victimization’ measure calculated how many times a participant indicated they were the victim of a violent crime. Scores for this measure could range from 0 to 5. A ‘property crime victimization’ measure calculated how many times a participant indicated they were the victim of a property crime. Scores for this measure could range from 0 to 3. 78 WITHOUT A HOME: THE NATIONAL YOUTH HOMELESSNESS SURVEY
Criminal victimization amongst the general population Data from the 2014 Canadian General Social Survey shows that just under one fifth of Canadians (15 years of age and older) reported being victims of crime on at least one occasion. This is down from just over one quarter in 2004 (Perreault, 2015). The majority of these crimes were non-violent (65%), and the majority of people who were victimized only reported one incident. About four in ten of these victims (37%) reported being victimized on more than one occasion. Common crimes that were reported include: theft of personal property (22%), theft of household property (12%), sexual assault (10%), vandalism (9%), break and enter (7%), theft of motor vehicle or parts (4%), and robbery (3%). This data indicates that housed Canadians are much more likely to be victims of household property crimes (including automobile-related theft and vandalism) than victims of violent crime. This is important to consider when drawing comparisons between the housed public and homeless youth, most of whom have few possessions and lack their own household or automobile. TABLE 20 Comparing criminal victimization: homeless youth and the general public CANADIAN GENERAL SOCIAL SURVEY STREET YOUTH Total Crime 19% 68.7% Violent Crime 7.6% 59.6% Property Crime 14.3% 57.9% 63% of homeless youth indicated they had been victimized on more than one occasion over the past year The percentages in Table 20 clearly show that street-involved youth from across Canada are much more likely to be victims of crime than Canadians in general. Most striking are differences in levels of violent victimization. Homeless and street-involved youth are almost six times more likely to be victims of violent crime than the general population. Importantly, among those who reported they were the victim of a crime over the past year, 63% indicated they had been victimized on more than one occasion. WITHOUT A HOME: THE NATIONAL YOUTH HOMELESSNESS SURVEY 79
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without a home: The National Youth
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Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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YOUTH HOMELESSNESS continues to be
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BECOMING HOMELESS: PATHWAYS INTO HO
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3. Involvement in Child Protection
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• High levels of chronicity - Alm
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• Transitional supports for young
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• We must intervene before youth
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4. Community strategies should nece
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YOUTH HOMELESSNESS is a significant
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Our approach to data analysis was d
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METHODOLOGY How was the research co
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SECTION 5 - DISCUSSION: IMPLICATION
Page 27 and 28: YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE HOMELESS (ages
Page 29 and 30: Young people can be grouped into th
Page 31 and 32: 2.4 LGBTQ2S Youth Research on youth
Page 33 and 34: SECTION 3: BECOMING HOMELESS
Page 35 and 36: Finally, structural factors contrib
Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 1 Pathways into homelessness
Page 39 and 40: FIGURE 2 Age of first homelessness
Page 41 and 42: Importantly, our data also shows th
Page 43 and 44: Personal factors contributing to ho
Page 45 and 46: It should be expected that young pe
Page 47 and 48: Transitions from care should be a p
Page 49 and 50: Some important differences exist am
Page 51 and 52: 3.4 Experiences in School While the
Page 53 and 54: at some point during their time in
Page 55 and 56: FIGURE 6 Factors that undermine sch
Page 57 and 58: THE PATHWAYS INTO HOMELESSNESS ARE
Page 59 and 60: 4.1 Housing Housing instability is
Page 61 and 62: 60% of the chronically homeless pop
Page 63 and 64: When we asked young people how many
Page 65 and 66: Within the sample, 42% of participa
Page 67 and 68: violence makes the impact of pre-st
Page 69 and 70: Our analysis indicates that money m
Page 71 and 72: Money from family and friends Recei
Page 73 and 74: Debt load and cheque cashing Past r
Page 75 and 76: 53.2% of youth experiencing homeles
Page 77: According to our analysis, selling
Page 81 and 82: TABLE 23 Sexual assault: Gender In
Page 83 and 84: TABLE 25 People you can count on Do
Page 85 and 86: 8.2% responded negatively (disagree
Page 87 and 88: TABLE 27 Self-esteem Levels of self
Page 89 and 90: “I NEVER QUIT. I moved forward th
Page 91 and 92: THE WITHOUT A HOME STUDY IS THE FIR
Page 93 and 94: Colonialism, intergenerational trau
Page 95 and 96: Our findings indicate that those wh
Page 97 and 98: As suggested above, the current res
Page 99 and 100: 5.3 The Need to Help Young People M
Page 101 and 102: The consequences and outcomes of be
Page 103 and 104: service providers (mainstream as we
Page 105 and 106: The implications of this research f
Page 107 and 108: 5.7 Building Resilience, Assets, an
Page 109 and 110: Reconnecting with family While fami
Page 111 and 112: IS THERE ANYTHING YOU WANT TO SHARE
Page 113 and 114: PREVENTING AND ENDING YOUTH HOMELES
Page 115 and 116: 2. Provincial and Territorial Gover
Page 117 and 118: 2.4 Provincial Ministries of Justic
Page 119 and 120: 3.4 Community strategies should nec
Page 121 and 122: 3.9 Mental health and addictions ne
Page 123 and 124: Courtney, ME, Skyles, A, Miranda, G
Page 125 and 126: Nichols, N. (2013). Nobody ‘Signs
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