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with capacity building in this area. Nevertheless, a research proposal was developed and submitted in
early 2015 to the Ministry of State for Scientific Research’s (MoSSR) Science and Technology
Development Fund (STDF) in an effort to overcome such negativity and develop a compliance tool to
assist municipalities in ensuring the BEEC is applied through an automated process. This project No.
10775 is entitled: “Innovative and Economic Compliance Tool for Egypt’s Building Energy Efficiency
Code (Egypt-BEEC) to Address Climate Change Adaptation”. Its challenge topic is Economic modelling
software for sustainable settlements planning; its number is TDF-NCP/SB/014/1/11 with an estimated
budget of 800,000€; and its field is Sustainable Building and Built Environment 31 . This project could be
a good start for SEAPs (SECAPs) to be implemented, and donors could provide funds.
The Egyptian Green Building Council (Egypt-GBC) was established as a governmental entity by virtue of
Ministerial Decree No. 56, 2009. Egypt-GBC’s main objective is to promote green construction in
Egypt 30 . The Council comprises of Government officials and business leaders. It also aims at
encouraging investors to adopt BEECs as well as other sections of the existing BEECs to achieve
environmental conservation. Egypt-GBC is headed by the Minister of Housing, Utilities and Urban
Development; and its members include a number of scientists in the fields of environment, energy,
and housing from all relevant sectors, as well as representatives of ministries.
In addition, a Ministerial Decree was issued in 2010 to establish the appraisal system of Green Pyramid
Rating System (GPRS), which is deemed a green building measurement program used for verifying
conformity 32,33 . Nevertheless, an endeavour was initially adopted in 2009 to transform the building
sector to be green. The GPRS rating system was endorsed by a Ministerial Decree in 2010, and is
considered the national building rating system. Themes of the GPRS include revision of sustainability
characteristic within green building, while assessing ecology, energy efficiency, water efficiency,
materials and resources, indoor environmental quality, as well as management and innovation 32 .
The GPRS is also developed to look into all aspects of sustainability towards greening buildings and
cities. A Sustainable Design Process Model (SDPM) was also developed to guide professionals build
environmentally sound buildings.
In 2016, a task force was formed by many experts representing the MoERE, Cairo University (CU),
British University in Egypt (BUE), and members of HBRC and other entities. The first workshop was held
at HBRC to revise the GPRS and to put forward suggestions to update in accordance with the latest
international standards. The new version is expected to be ready by the end of 2016 or early in 2017
after endorsing the updated GPRS version by Minister of HUUD 32 .
4.3.2 Electricity Generation Sector
Egypt developed progressive policies and legislations (laws and regulations) in the electricity sector.
Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Jordan are considered among the few countries in the ENPI region with
relatively comprehensive RE and EE policies in place 34,35 . Electricity consumption in Egypt has rapidly
increased from 49 TWh in 1996/1997 to over 127 TWh in 2010/2011. In all building sectors Electricity
consumption accounts for 53TWh over 106.6 TWh a year (50 per cent of the total); out of which the
residential sector only accounts for almost 38 per cent of the total 36 . The Egyptian Electrical Utilities
and Consumer Protection Regulator Agency (Egypt-ERA) predicts such consumption in the residential
sector to be about 62 TWh of the total electrical energy consumption 143 TWh in 2013/2014, which
accounts for the highest rate represented by about 43.4 per cent of the total electricity consumption 38 .
With the current growth rate of more than 7 per cent yearly, Egypt would need to double its current
generation capacity by 2020 36 . The Egypt-ERA was established according to the Presidential Decree
No. 326 of year 1997 and the board of directors has been formed in 2001 as per the Presidential Decree
No. 339 that was issued. This Presidential Decree aimed at reorganizing of Egypt-ERA, specifying its
authorization and activities and forming the Board of Directors of the Agency to include experts in
energy fields not related to the electricity sector, other consumers’ representatives, the public and
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THIS PROJECT IS FINANCED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION AND IS IMPLEMENTED BY THE HUMAN DYNAMICS CONSORTIUM