180917_CES-MED_National_Report_Egypt_FINAL2rev

Construction waste – the construction and demolition waste (CDW) resulting from the construction
process due to high urbanization rates is not considered municipal solid waste (MSW), since it doesn’t
include organic substances. The EEAA indicates that the CDW generated annually was estimated at 4
million tons (in 2012).
Solid waste – Solid waste generated in the city of Hurghada – GoRS forms about 300 tons per day and
can exceed 450 tons per day in summer and peak seasons 70 . HEPCA SWM scheme in the south is
operating in GoRS and Hurghada. HEPCA is an internationally recognized NGO registered (1995) with
the GoRS and works closely with the Governorate in the door to door collection of SW for recycling and
disposal of non-recyclables on a voluntary basis without taking fees or taxes 70 . This suggests that there
is a need to develop plans to create incentives for the private sector to take role in SWM and enforcing
Law No. 9. Nonetheless, regulations on the privatization of solid waste management procedures’
guides are available through the MoEnv – EEAA 71 . The SEAPs (SECAPs) can propose a project of reusing
and recycling CDW instead of being accumulated in dump sites or disposed on the sides of streets
and high ways, which causes lowering of visibility on roads and air pollution.
4.3.7 Environment Sector
For the Environment Sector in Egypt, the Environmental Protection - Promulgating the Environment
Law No. 4 of year 1994 was issued and enacted by a Presidential decree on January 27, 1994. This law
was amended by the Law No. 9 of year 2009 72 . The Law No. 9 was updated by Law No. 105 in 2015
according to Presidential Decree issued on October 19, 2015 72 . Laws No. 9 and No. 105 present the
national legal framework and tools for the management of environmental issues. Also, Law No. 9
encompasses two main chapters: a) the Protection of Land Environment from Pollution; and b) the
Protection of Water Environment from Pollution. The law’s articles are classified by the following
topics:
Development and Environment (Art.19-28)
Hazardous Material and Waste (Art.29-33)
Protection of Air Environment from Pollution (Art.34-47)
Pollution from Ships (Art.48- 68)
Oil Pollution (Art.48-59)
Pollution by Harmful Substances (Art.60-65)
Pollution from Sewage and Garbage (Art.66-68)
Pollution from Land Based Sources (Art.69-75)
International Certificates (Art.76-77)
Administrative and Judicial Procedures (Art.78-83)
The provision of this law covers a variety of environmental issues:
• Air: Conventions; Public Place; Closed Public Place; Semi-closed Public Place; Environmental
pollution; and Environmental Degradation;
• Environmental Protection: Air Pollution and Rapid Transport Vehicles;
• Water: Water Pollution; Polluting Substances and Factors; Water Polluting Substances; Oil; Oily
Mixtures; Unclean Balancing Water (Unclean Ballast Water); and Hazardous Substances;
• Waste: Hazardous Waste; Substance Handling; Waste Management; Waste Disposal; Waste
Recycling; and Liquid Substances Harmful to the Water Environment.
It also covers: Reception Facilities; Discharge; Dumping; Compensation; Means of Oil Transport; Ships
and Government Ship; Harmful Materials Carriers; and the Establishments – meaning the Laws Nos.:
• Industrial establishments subject to the provisions of Law No. 21 of 1958 and Law No. 55 of 1977.
• Tourist establishments subject to the provisions of Law No. 1 of 1973 and Law No. 1 of 1992.
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THIS PROJECT IS FINANCED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION AND IS IMPLEMENTED BY THE HUMAN DYNAMICS CONSORTIUM