180917_CES-MED_National_Report_Egypt_FINAL2rev

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Project for Drainage Water Quality Control for Irrigation in Middle Delta (Technical cooperation. JICA assistance amount (Grant) is JPY 530 million (approx. € 4,690.266 million). The project’s agreement was signed in 2011 and expected end date is 2016. Leading Egyptian institution is the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MoWRI) 115 . b. Water-save agriculture Sustainable System for Food and Bio-energy Production with Water-saving Irrigation in the Egyptian Nile Basin. JICA assistance amount (Grant) was JPY 400 million (approx. € 3,539.823 million). The project’s agreement was signed in 2009 and end date was 2015. Leading Egyptian institution is National Water Research Centre (NWRC) 115 . Water Sector Strategies Pressure on water resources will increase due to climate change, population increase and non-use of modern technology in irrigation and buildings. According to Plan Bleu's analysis of future trends - measured by the renewable natural resources exploitation index, water withdrawals will exceed water availability by 2025 across the region of East Mediterranean as well as Egypt, Libya and Malta. This level of water withdrawal is already as much as, or higher than, the limits of their resources. The strain on water resources is even more severe considering 'exploitable' water resources, which represent about half or one-third of total natural water resources 143 . The extensive uses of water in agriculture, drinking water, buildings and other uses, such as tourismrelated activities are more and more severe. Water used for irrigation represents 60 per cent of the total water quantities used for human related activities in the Mediterranean area, and this percentage extends to more than 80 per cent of total water uses in Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey. However, the water used in irrigation in Egypt forms about 80 per cent of the total annual use 144 . Based on a workshop (Fréjus) conducted in 1997, an analysis of the 21 countries and territories adjoining the Mediterranean were involved. The outcomes led to the classification of countries with current and future water demand, and impending risks of shortage. Egypt is categorised in the group four of countries with such risk 143 . Policies Water reuse and management Between 2014 and 2015, policies in Egypt are targeting the use of non-conventional water resources. This includes reuse of wastewater (grey water), as well as using brackish water from agricultural drainage for reuse. National studies of water efficiency in the Mediterranean countries, including Egypt, were also carried out between 2008 and 2011. Reports on the progress in terms of monitoring and promoting Water Demand Management (WDM) policies in these countries were also presented and discussed at the third workshop on WDM (UNEP/MAP/Plan Bleu 2007). The actual progress, made over the past 15 years to incorporate WDM into water policies and some policies, was highlighted. Water pricing and incentives to save water Until 2014, Egypt had neither tariff structure nor incentives directed on saving irrigation water. Egypt and Tunisia reformed irrigation water pricing in the 1990s. There were three aspects to this: transparency of cost price, flexibility (regionalised pricing, varying according to the purpose of the irrigated areas), and related national objectives (food security). The general trend is towards increasing water price for the user in order to recover a growing proportion of the real costs of supplying drinking water and sewage services (EU States, Egypt, Spain, Morocco, Tunisia, and others). PAGE | 96 THIS PROJECT IS FINANCED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION AND IS IMPLEMENTED BY THE HUMAN DYNAMICS CONSORTIUM
The use of renewables for desalination In the last two decades, about 100 desalination plants (DPs), coupled to renewable energy sources worldwide have been built in the Mediterranean region (Algeria, Egypt, Spain, and Tunisia). These DPs (low-capacity solar and wind-powered desalination plants) were mainly built to supply water in remote sites that were cut off from an acceptable water quality 144 . Initiatives The MoWRI launched an initiative in August 2016 concerning the saving of water consumed in irrigation, which is estimated to 81 per cent of total water used in Egypt 145 . The MoWRI also kicked-off another initiative to raise the awareness of farmers on the importance of water as a national resource 146 . Both initiatives are in line with Egypt’s 2014 constitution on conserving and management of water as a natural resource 145 . The EBRD developed a project in the Water sector 86 : The Aqualia Investment Venture was completed in 2009. The leading Egyptian partner is MoTm. Projects – WW Many projects were initiated in the Mediterranean region for water management. Egypt took part in five projects, namely: SIRRIMED, SWUP-MED, WATERBIOTECH, WASSERMED, and SIRIUS 146 : Sustainable use of irrigation water in the Mediterranean region (SIRRIMED) - Duration: From July 2010 to March 2014, - Total cost: € 4,239,534, EC funding: € 2,999,078, - Participating countries: 15 participants from seven countries (Italy, France, Greece, Spain, Egypt Morocco, and Lebanon). Sustainable water use securing food production in dry areas of the Mediterranean region (SWUP- MED) - Duration: From July 2008 to June 2013, - Total cost: €3,992,766, EC funding: € 2,728,104, - Participating countries: Nine participants from six countries (Portugal, Italy, Egypt, Turkey, Syria, and Morocco). Biotechnology for Africa's sustainable water supply (WATERBIOTECH) - Duration: August 2011 to January 2014, - Total cost: € 1,264,465.8, EC funding: €999,528, - Participating countries: Participants from 11 Countries (Spain, Saudi Arabia, Burkina Faso, France, Tunisia, Italy, Egypt, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Morocco, and Algeria). Evaluated climate change impacts on tourism, agriculture and water resources (WASSERMED) - Duration: January 2010 to January 2013, - Total cost: € 3,669,943, EC funding: € 2,933,973, - Participants from Nine countries (Italy, Greece, Spain, France, Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia). Efficient water resource management in water-scarce environments (SIRIUS) - It focuses in particular on water for food production with the perspective of a sustainable agriculture in the context of integrated river-basin management, - Duration: 14 October 2010 to 30 September 2013, - Total cost: € 2,934,818 €, EC funding: € 2,499,997, - Participating countries: 18 participants from 13 countries (e.g., Spain, Malta, Italy, France, Egypt). Programmes - Water & Wastewater The AFD and Egypt are working together in a programme as well as funding two major projects to Improve Water and Wastewater Services Programmes (IWWSP) 97 . Water recycling PAGE | 97 THIS PROJECT IS FINANCED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION AND IS IMPLEMENTED BY THE HUMAN DYNAMICS CONSORTIUM
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This project is funded by the Europ
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EuropeAid/132630/C/SER/Multi CLEANE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .
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LIST OF ABREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS A
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EMU ENCC ENPI EPF EPS ERA ERC ES ES
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MoFA MoHUUD MoIC MoIFT MolD MoPMAR
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TRA TSAC TSP TTC UNDP UNEP UNFCCC U
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I. LEGISLATIONS: LAWS, REGULATIONS
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II. STRATEGIES, PROGRAMMES AND PLAN
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Egypt’s Indicators Development (2
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Project De
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(clause No. 27); Efficient Use and
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Nevertheless, the new law of Local
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and wind farms), recycling factorie
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Set a Strategy and Energy Efficienc
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Summary Improving the Legal and Ins
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2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 EU and CES-MED P
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Based on review and analysis of the
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2015. It was further discussed on J
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closely observe the execution of th
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• Reduce Unemployment Rate to 5 p
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1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
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District 1 District 2 District 3 Di
Page 47 and 48: • Beautification of public spaces
Page 49 and 50: The Supreme Council for Planning an
Page 51 and 52: 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 • Egyptian Code
Page 53 and 54: experts in electricity sector 37 .
Page 55 and 56: Egypt has done a great deal from 20
Page 57 and 58: implemented require further subsidi
Page 59 and 60: The Presidential Decree No. 27 of y
Page 61 and 62: Construction waste - the constructi
Page 63 and 64: • Decree 143 of year 2003 Wadi El
Page 65 and 66: SDG 07: SDG 11: SDG 12: SDG 13: Aff
Page 67 and 68: H. E. The Governor Technical, Finan
Page 69 and 70: 7. Energy saving in hotels by using
Page 71 and 72: One of the CES-MED project outcomes
Page 73 and 74: etween the Government of Egypt (GoE
Page 75 and 76: Award contracts for 4GW of nuclear
Page 77 and 78: modernization of the Egyptian publi
Page 79 and 80: Furthermore, Egypt is planning to p
Page 81 and 82: g. Provide empowerment in monitorin
Page 83 and 84: Egyptian Electricity Holding Compan
Page 85 and 86: Transportation Road and Safety init
Page 87 and 88: Egyptian National Railways Restruct
Page 89 and 90: Improving the quality of government
Page 91 and 92: Identify areas of special environme
Page 93 and 94: ecoming a must in 2016 in light of
Page 95 and 96: The NSWMP was launched in response
Page 97: Waste Stabilisation Ponds (WSP) ins
Page 101 and 102: programme covers mainly: a) removal
Page 103 and 104: 5 RECOMMENDATIONS OF NATIONAL LEVEL
Page 105 and 106: 3. Implementation In the governanc
Page 107 and 108: H. E. The Governor Technical, Finan
Page 109 and 110: In support of implementation, recom
Page 111 and 112: • MoF and Egyptian Central Bank t
Page 113 and 114: 6 POTENTIAL COVENANT OF MAYORS COOR
Page 115 and 116: 25. Liu, Feng; Meyer, Anke S., Hoga
Page 117 and 118: %D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%
Page 119 and 120: 113. Utilities.me.com/Newsletter, i
Page 121 and 122: PAGE | 119 THIS PROJECT IS FINANCED
Page 123 and 124: Donors and IFI’s Title Name Desig
Page 126: CLEANER ENERGY SAVING MEDITERRANEAN
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CLEANER ENERGY SAVING MEDITERRANEAN
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‐ Sustainable Rural Sanitation Se
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The European Union is made up of 28
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