Introduction to Basic Legal Citation - access-to-law home

In this context, plaintiffs and amici argue that when such patients are treated in emergency
settings, the hospitals are not permitted to release them without a discharge plan for necessary
continuing health care services, citing Public Health Law § 2803 (1) (g). Because they cannot
be readily discharged, many remain in hospital facilities. Those who are discharged
experience a cycle of emergency, recovery, stabilization, deterioration and the onset of
another emergency. All of this, plaintiffs and amici contend, could be avoided through
ongoing medical treatment.
. . . .
N.Y. Ct. App. R. Pract. § 500.1(g),
http://www.courts.state.ny.us/ctapps/500rules10.htm#500_1.
. . . .
(g) Citation form. Where New York authorities are cited in any submissions, New York
Official Law Report citations shall be included, if available.
Note: The format of citations in the published opinions of the New York courts is the subject
of a detailed manual of the New York State Law Reporting Bureau, the New York Official
Reports Style Manual (2012), http://www.courts.state.ny.us/reporter/Styman_Menu.htm.
North Carolina: Supreme Court citation practice | Citation rule(s)
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Examples from Craig v. County of Chatham, 356 N.C. 40, 565 S.E.2d 172 (2002)
. . . .
The enactment and operation of a general, statewide law does not necessarily prevent a county
from regulating in the same field. However, preemption issues arise when it is shown that the
legislature intended to implement statewide regulation in the area, to the exclusion of local
regulation. See N.C.G.S. § 160A-174(b) (5) (2001). "'Municipal by-laws and ordinances must
be in harmony with the general laws of the State, and whenever they come in conflict with the
general laws, the by-laws and ordinances must give way.'" State v. Williams, 283 N.C. 550,
552, 196 S.E.2d 756, 757 (1973) (quoting Town of Washington v. Hammond, 76 N.C. 33, 36.
(1877)). The law of preemption is grounded in the need to avoid dual regulation. See, e.g.,
283 N.C. at 554, 196 S.E.2d at 759.
. . . .
Turning now to the Health Board Rules enacted by the Chatham County Board of Health, we
note that they contain more stringent rules than those established in the EMC regulations.
However, N.C.G.S. § 130A-39 specifically grants local boards of health the power to enact
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