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o § 6-300. Signals o § 6-400. Order o § 6-500. Short Form Citations � § 6-520. Short Form Citations – Cases � § 6-530. Short Form Citations – Constitutions and Statutes � § 6-540. Short Form Citations – Regulations � § 6-550. Short Form Citations – Books � § 6-560. Short Form Citations – Journal Articles o § 6-600. Context Examples • § 7-000. REFERENCE TABLES o § 7-100. Introduction o § 7-200. Significant Changes in The Bluebook o § 7-300. Cross Reference Table: The Bluebook o § 7-400. Cross Reference Table: ALWD Manual o § 7-500. Table of State-Specific Norms and Practices • TOPICAL INDEX iv
PREFACE Contents | Index This electronic publication was conceived in the summer of 1992. A small band of Cornell Law students, charged with identifying subjects on which computer-based materials would be particularly helpful, placed citation at the top of the list. With their assistance I prepared the first edition of Introduction to Basic Legal Citation. It was released on diskette that fall, one of the first hypertext publications of Cornell's Legal Information Institute (LII). Later reconfigured for the Web, where it still resides at: http://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/, the work has been updated regularly in the years since. Like that online version on which it is based, this e-book was most recently revised in the fall of 2012 to take account of changes in the citation rules of a small number of U.S. jurisdictions and the format of currency information furnished for statutes by LexisNexis and Westlaw. As was true of the editions released in 2011 and 2010 it is indexed to the fourth edition of the ALWD Citation Manual and the nineteenth edition of The Bluebook. A Few Tips on Using Introduction to Basic Legal Citation This is not a comprehensive citation reference work. Its limited aim is to serve as a tutorial on how to cite the most widely referenced types of U.S. legal material, taking account of local norms and the changes in citation practice forced by the shift from print to electronic sources. It begins with an introductory unit. That is followed immediately by one on "how to cite" the categories of authority that comprise a majority of the citations in briefs and legal memoranda. Using the full table of contents one can proceed through this material in sequence. The third unit, organized around illustrative examples, is intended to be used either for review and reinforcement of the prior "how to" sections or as an alternative approach to them. One can start with it since the illustrative examples for each document type are linked back to the relevant "how to" principles. The sections on abbreviations and omissions, on typeface (italics and underlining), and on how citations fit into the larger project of legal writing that follow all support the preceding units. They are accessible independently and also, where appriopriate, via links from the earlier sections. Finally, there are a series of cross reference tables tying this introduction to the two major legal citation reference works and to state-specific citation rules and practices. The work is also designed to be used by those confronting a specific citation issue. For such purposes the table of contents provides one path to the relevant material. Another, to which the bar at the top of each major section provides ready access, is a topical index. This index is alphabetically arrayed and more detailed than the table of contents. Finally, the search function in your e-book reader software should allow an even narrower inquiry, such as one seeking the abbreviation for a specific word (e.g., institute) or illustrative citations for a particular state, Ohio, say. If the device on which you are reading this e-book allows it, the pdf format will enable you to print or to copy and paste portions, large or small, into other documents. However, since the v
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Page 8 and 9: work is filled with linked cross re
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Page 14 and 15: Appeals and those for the U.S. Dist
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Page 50 and 51: Point 2: The Bluebook and the ALWD
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§ 2-820(5) Examples - John D. Feer
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§ 2-900. How to Cite Documents fro
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• Bankruptcy Courts and Bankruptc
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• Navajo Freight Lines v. Bibb, 1
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Arkansas • Whiteside v. Russellvi
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Delaware • Reagan v. Del. Ass'n o
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Indiana • Slater v. Akron Exch. S
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Maryland • Three Garden Vill. Ltd
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Missouri • Lewis v. St. Louis Ind
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New York • Anderson v. Rehab. Pro
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Oklahoma • Oliver v. Farmers Ins.
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South Dakota • Jansen v. Lemmon F
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Washington • State v. Heddrick, 1
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§ 3-220. Case Citations - Variants
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§ 3-320. Statute Citations - Most
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Arkansas • Ark. Code § 4-1-101 (
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Delaware • Del. Code tit. 6, § 1
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Idaho • Idaho Code Ann. § 28-1-1
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Kansas • an. Stat. Ann. § 84-1-1
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Massachusetts • Mass. Gen. Laws c
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Nebraska • Neb. Rev. Stat. § 2-1
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New York • N.Y. U.C.C. Law § 1-1
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Oregon • Or. Rev. Stat. § 71.101
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Texas • Tex. Bus. & Com. Code §
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West Virginia • W. Va. Code § 46
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Model Bus. Corp. Act § 10.01 (2002
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Alabama Alaska • Ala. Admin. Code
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Idaho • Idaho Admin. Code r. 07.0
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Massachusetts • 105 Code Mass. Ru
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New Mexico • N.M. Admin. Code §
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South Dakota • Admin. R. S.D. 5:0
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Wyoming • 025-220-001 Code Wyo. R
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§ 3-500. Arbitration Decisions Ill
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§ 3-724. Annotations Illustrations
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Additional Examples Christopher M.
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§ 4-000. ABBREVIATIONS AND OMISSIO
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F-L • Distributor or Distributing
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S T-Z • Railway - Ry. «e.g.»
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§ 4-300(3) Examples - Buenz v. Fro
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§ 4-300(9) Examples - Glen v. Sewe
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• Maine - Me. «e.g.» • Maryla
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§ 4-800. Spacing between Abbreviat
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§ 5-000. UNDERLINING AND ITALICS [
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§ 6-000. PLACING CITATIONS IN CONT
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ecommended. The word "but" is omitt
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§ 6-520. Short Form Citations - Ca
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Full Citation 42 U.S.C. § 405(c)(2
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§ 6-560. Short Form Citations - Jo
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Grand Central Station or the waitin
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§ 7-000. CROSS REFERENCE TABLES §
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Case Name Abbreviations Rule 10.2.2
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• § 2-470. Agency Report Citatio
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§ 7-400. Cross Reference Table: AL
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• § 4-500. Territorial Abbreviat
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• North Carolina [Cases] [Statute
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Court of Alabama. Citations shall r
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Restatement (Second) of Contracts
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. . . . (7) Argument. Arguments sha
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California: Supreme Court citation
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Colo. C.J. Directive 12-01, http://
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Colorado Court of Appeals: Primary
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esult of the amendment, it was not
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D.C. Ct. App. R 28(g), http://www.d
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(3) For opinions not published in F
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(o) Case Names. Case names shall be
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70 Haw. 206, 208, 767 P.2d 1238, 12
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. . . . Where, as here, the languag
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Ind. R. App. P. 22, http://www.in.g
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E. Abbreviations. The following abb
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(3) Citations to all other authorit
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All citations of Kentucky Statutes
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B. These rules shall apply to all p
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[This order and all others of its v
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(1) A table of contents and a table
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specific terms, the general term is
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Note: The full order sets out a com
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(ii) for cases decided from and aft
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P.3d 603 (citing Mont. Const. art.
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THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that, effe
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. . . . Our decision finds support
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New Jersey: Supreme Court citation
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New Mexico: Supreme Court citation
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New York: Court of Appeals citation
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ules which are more strict when the
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EXPLANATORY NOTE Rule 11.6 was adop
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Ohio Sup. Ct. R. for the Reporting
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the duties of the Department, Okla.
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Supreme Court, " 9" is paragraph nu
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paragraph number 9 of the opinion a
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(3) an index of all authorities ref
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municipal ordinances; however, a to
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(2) Statutes which have not yet bee
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• Speers o 17 S.C. Eq. (Speers Eq
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• Riley o 22 S.C.L. (Ril.) • Du
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citation in the table of cases in a
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The El Paso Hospital District opera
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Menzies should be allowed to supple
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After publication in Pacific Report
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Virginia: Supreme Court citation pr
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. . . . 14 The Department argues th
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Wisconsin: Supreme Court citation p
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Smith v. Jones, 214 Wis. 2d 408, 41
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(5) In the case of opinions or subs
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TOPICAL INDEX Contents | Index | He
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C Case citations (see also Dates, O
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D E Courts federal citation example
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J L Initials in party names in book
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Parenthetical references arbitratio
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"See also" (see also Signals) "See
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U V W Y Underlining or italics Unif
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