Introduction to Basic Legal Citation - access-to-law home

Utah
• Utah Farm Bureau Ins. Co. v. Crook, 1999 UT 47, 6, 980 P.2d 685.*
• Utah Farm Bureau Ins. Co. v. Crook, 980 P.2d 685, 686 (Utah 1999).
• Fitz v. Synthes, 1999 UT 103, 11, 990 P.2d 391.*
• Fitz v. Synthes, 990 P.2d 391, 393(Utah 1999).
• Arrow Indus., Inc. v. Zions First Nat'l Bank, 767 P.2d 935 (Utah 1988).
* In-state references to decisions from 1999 forward should include a medium-neutral
citation which, under Utah rules, consists of the year, the state postal abbreviation, and a
sequential decision number in the format shown here. Pinpoint cites should be to the
paragraph numbers assigned by the court.
Vermont
• Serecky v. Nat'l Grange Mut. Ins., 2004 VT 63, 15, 177 Vt. 58, 857 A.2d 775.*
• Serecky v. Nat'l Grange Mut. Ins., 857 A.2d 775, 781 (Vt. 2005).
• Ins. Co. of N. Am. v. Miller's Mut. Ins. Ass'n, 139 Vt. 255, 427 A.2d 354 (1981).*
• Ins. Co. of N. Am. v. Miller's Mut. Ins. Ass'n, 427 A.2d 354 (Vt. 1981).
* In-state references to decisions appearing in Vermont Reports should, where possible,
include citations to those reports, in parallel with citations to the regional reporter. In
addition in-state references to decisions from 2003 forward should include a mediumneutral
citation which, under Vermont rules, consists of the year, the state postal
abbreviation, and a sequential decision number in the format shown here. Pinpoint cites
should include the paragraph numbers assigned by the court. Vermont rules also call for
the use of medium-neutral cites for cases from other jurisdictions that have adopted them.
Virginia
• Government Emps. Ins. Co. v. Moore, 266 Va. 155, 580 S.E.2d 823 (2003).*
• Government Emps. Ins. Co. v. Moore, N.A., 580 S.E.2d 823 (Va. 2003).
• Khanna v. Dominion Bank of N. Va., N.A., 237 Va. 242, 377 S.E.2d 378 (1989).*
• Khanna v. Dominion Bank of N. Va., N.A., 377 S.E.2d 378 (Va. 1989).
• First Fed. Sav. & Loan v. Gryder, 909 Va. App. 60, 383 S.E.2d 755 (1989).*
• First Fed. Sav. & Loan v. Gryder, 383 S.E.2d 755 (Va. Ct. App. 1989).
* In-state references to decisions appearing in Virginia Reports or Virginia Court of Appeals
Reports should, where possible, include citations to them, in parallel with citations to the
regional reporter.
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