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FACTIONS AND FUSIONS. 819<br />

the legislature the convention should select men of<br />

the "highest capacity, purest integrity, and most de*<br />

voted loyalty;" that they should be left unpledged<br />

and free in regard to senatorial perferences; and that<br />

in selecting delegates to the state convention, and in<br />

the choice of a county committee the same principles<br />

should be observed. But when they came to meet<br />

the boys and the long and short hairs in convention<br />

at Sacramento, the independents were not recognized,<br />

and withdrew. The moral effect of their presence<br />

was not altogether lost, and the convention performed<br />

its duties in a manner leaving nothing to complain of<br />

except the defeat of a proposition from James M.<br />

McShafter to vote on the question of primaries or no<br />

primaries at the next general election.<br />

S. W. Sanderson was renominated for supreme judge,<br />

and elected by a majority of 6,000 over H. H. Hartley,<br />

but only such candidates of the people's union<br />

party, represented by the independents, as had great<br />

strength personally, were elected this vear, and in<br />

1867 the sceptre passed away completely, since which<br />

time primaries and bosses have ruled the hour in the<br />

metropolis. Between factions and fusions the political<br />

muddle was often unintelligible. In San Francisco,<br />

in 1865, the boys, or short hairs, fused with the democrats;<br />

in Sacramento they did the same, but there<br />

was, nevertheless, a working majority of union members<br />

in the legislature, 1 which performed some good<br />

l Coon'i Annals of 8. F.f MS., 27. •<br />

•The state senators elected in 1865 were Henry Robinson, Alameda; G.<br />

W. Seaton, Alpine and Amador; J. W. Freeman, Fresno and Tulare; P.<br />

Banning, Los Angeles; A. L. Tubbs, William J. Shaw, J. 8. Hagcr, S. F.;<br />

P. W. Murphy, JSta Barbara and San Luis Obispo; W. J. Knox, Sta Clara;<br />

L. E. Pratt, Sierra; E. Wadsworth, Siskiyou; L. B. Mizner, Solano and<br />

Yolo; George Pearce, Sonoma; E. Teegarden, Sutter and Yuba. S. P.<br />

Wright, a hold-over senator from Klamath, Humboldt. and Del Norte, was<br />

chosen pres't. Ihe sec. elected was John White, asVt sec. Charle* \V. Gordon,<br />

clerks Martin Rowan, W. F. Heustis, Albert Hart, M. E. Gelston, E.<br />

B. Edson, Bart. Morgan; sergts-at-arms, John Moran, James I^ane.<br />

The assembly was composed of John L. Wilson, Thomas En pan, Alameda;<br />

Miner Frink jr, Harvey Lee, Alpine and Amador; W. P. Tilden, George E.<br />

Smith, Butte; Isaac Ayres, M. M. Collier, N. G. Sawyer, Calaveras; William<br />

S. Long, Coluaa and Tehama; F. A. Brown, Contra Costa, L. H. Murch,

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