hubert howe bancroft - Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History ...

BREWERIES AND DISTILLERIES. 86
export has increased to 1,000 tons. There were six macaroni factories; the
first opened at & F. in 18.>5 by Meuli & Schulthess. 8. F. Jour. Com., May
6, 1875; Alia CaL, Dec. 8, 1856; S. F. Bull., Dec. 27, 1864. Forty varieties
were made; a small lot from Italian wheat. The annual consumption in 1881
was 145,000 boxes, or 950 tons, worth $200,000; 30 tons being exported.
The annual consumption of confectionery was estimated in 1881 at $850,-
000, three fourths was sold at S. F., the wholesale dealings reaching $450,000,
one third being imported. The invested capital was $375,000; the hands number
250. I. Regan made the first candy for sale in S. F. in 1849. Cassins
8iaLt MS., 7. Syrup, extracts, and cordial factories are mentioned in Alia
CaL, Sept 16, 1857; S. F. BuU., Dec. 14, 1870; 8. F. Post, Sept. 1, 1877;
Jottr. Com., June 6, 1877. Yeast was used to the extent of 75,000 cases in
1881, one third imported, with prospective increase. The manufacture was
estimated at $225,000, a case being valued at $4.50; 100 hands employed; export
1,600 cases. Chocolate is made at two factories, to the extent of 350,000
lbs-, worth $100,000, in 1881; imports 100,000 lbs. The leading factory was
established by D. Ghirardelli in 1852. News Letter, Apr. 20, 1867. These are
combined with coffee and Bpioe mills, first established by W. H. Bovee in
1850. Although groceries in different towns have their own hand-mills and
small ovens, yet half the business is done by factories at S. F., turning out
5,700,000 lbs. in 1881. Of spices 250 tons were ground. One firm makes a
specialty of mustard. Sac. Union, Dec. 9, 1854. Alia CaL, Sept. 25, 1857, refers
to a horseradish factory. Chiccory is prepared at two factories, one at
Sac, the larger one at Stockton, since 1872; the two produce 500 tons; 300
more comes from Germany. Id., March 14, 26, 1859; May 19, 1872; Priced
Cur.t Jane 15, 1855; S. F. Times, Jan. 10, 1868; U. S. Agric. Reft, 1874, 277;
S. F. Chron., Nov. 3, 1872. Vinegar is mostly made from cider in the interior,
from malt in S. F., of which 2,300 tons was used in 1881; wine has
been found too dear. The total production exceeded 3,000,000 gallons,
valued at 25 cents each, fully half being required for canneries; French imports
fell to 100 barrels from 500 in 1875. The first factory was opened in
1854 by A. D. Baker. Advertisement in Merc. Oaz., June 26, 1858. The
Census of 1870 reported only 3 factories, with a production of little over
$50,000. Matin Ifat., 291-2. Pickle-making is largely combined with the
preceding, both branches employing threescore hands each. About 20,000
sacks of vegetables are used. The business was fairly large already in 1855.
8. F. BHU., Dec. 1, 1855; Jan. 11, 1856.
Beer, as well as vinegar, was mado in colonial days on a Bmall scale, the
former being credited to W. McGlonc, a sailor, in 1837. Mont. Cal.f March
19, 1878. The first regular brewery, however, was the Empire, of W. Bull,
recorded in KimbalVs S. F. Directory, 1850, 42. A. Roy and W. McCoy
figure shortly after. Pac. News, Jan. 10, 1851. Sutter, Co. Hist., 47-8,
claims ono in the same vear. The Lafayette of S. F. aspires to a similar
date. The difficulty of introducing malt liquor in good condition gave zest
to the business, and breweries spread in all directions, from Stockton and
Marysville in 1851 and 1852 to Plumas and Los Angeles in 1854, and to all
larger towns. See histories of Yuba, 69; S. Joaq., 71-2; Plumas, 464; L.
Aug.* 69; EL Dor., etc. By 1881 there were about 350 breweries on the
coast north of Mexico, with a capital of $3,700,000, and a production valued
at $4,600,000, the barrel being calculated at $7.50. Nearly nine tenths of
this amount pertains to Cal.; S. F., with 38 establishment figuring for 280,000
barrels, the largest yielding threescore thousand; only two were then making
lager beer, one at Boca, but since then this production is increasing; ale
and porter amounted to 30,000 barrels more. So far the liauor was mo3tly
quick-brewed, of 3 days' fermentation. The import of 2,500 barrels was fully
balanced by the export of 4,000. Over 34,000 tons of grain were used for malting,
four fifths being converted by the breweries, yet special malt-houses exist,
the largest, established in 1857 bv H. Zwicg, producing 5,000 tons. Hops
have improved till they equal the best. The leading brewery on the coast is
the Philadelphia, the success of which is due to the enterpriBe of John
Wieland, a native of Wiirtemberg, born Oct. 6, 1829. In 1S4D he abandoned