DESIGN, ASSEMBLY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITE ...

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Figure 7.1 Variation of viscosity at 100 s -1 as a function of temperature for the an aqueous Ni slurry with and without carrageenan. Gelling point of the slurry containing carrageenan occurs at 34 °C. 138 214
REFERENCES 1. Larsson 9301647, 1993. 2. Deckard, C. Method for selective laser sintering with layerwise cross-scanning. 5155324, 1992. 3. Irving, R., Taking a powder: Laser processing. International Journal of Powder Metallurgy 2000, 36, (4), 69-74. 4. Crump, S. S. Modeling apparatus for three-dimensional objects. 5340433, 1994. 5. Cesarano, J. I.; Calvert, P. D. Freeforming objects with low-binder slurry. 6027326, 2000. 6. Smay, J. E.; Cesarano, J.; Tuttle, B. A.; Lewis, J. A., Piezoelectric properties of 3- X periodic Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3-polymer composites. Journal of Applied Physics 2002, 92, (10), 6119-6127. 7. Sachs, E.; Cima, M.; Williams, P.; Brancazio, D.; Cornie, J., Three dimensional printing. Rapid Tooling and prototypes directly from a CAD model. Journal of engineering for industry 1992, 114, (4). 8. Friis, L. A.; Smay, J. E., Design, Assembly, and Characterization of Metal- Ceramic Composite Reentrant Structures. In NSF: 2005. 9. Friis, L. A. Surgical Implants Incorporating Re-entrant Material. 5035713, 1991. 10. Darling, E. M.; Athanasiou, K. A., Biomechanical strategies for articular cartilage regeneration. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2003, 31, (9), 1114-1124. 11. Estes, B. T.; Gimble, J. M.; Guilak, F., Mechanical signals as regulators of stem cell fate. Stem Cells in Development and Disease 2004, 60, 91-126. 12. Beck, B. R.; Qin, Y. X.; McLeod, K. J.; Otter, M. W., On the relationship between streaming potential and strain in an in vivo bone preparation. Calcified Tissue International 2002, 71, (4), 335-343. 13. Becker, R. O., Stimulation of Partial Limb Regeneration in Rats. Nature 1972, 235, (5333), 109-&. 14. Grodzinsky, A. J., Electromechanical and Physicochemical Properties of Connective-Tissue. Crc Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 1983, 9, (2), 133- 199. 215
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DESIGN, ASSEMBLY AND CHARACTERIZATI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost
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CHAPTER 5 BARIUM TITANATE NICKEL CO
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Table 6.1 Formulations of aqueous c
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Figure 2.12 Schematic illustrations
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Figure 2.35 Schematic of the SHS pr
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Figure 4.9 Sintered nickel lattices
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Figure 6.12 Optical image of the cr
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1.1. Motivation CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCT
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and characterizing rheological prop
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2.1. Materials System CHAPTER 2 BAC
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2.2. Reentrant Structures and Ceram
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devices would provide self-sustaini
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a) b) Figure 2.4 Schematic illustra
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production of concept models, injec
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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) was
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Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)
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Inkjet printing (IP) 27 is based on
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Table 2.1 Comparisons of various SF
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Figure 2.11 Processing steps involv
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2.4.1 Colloidal Inks The printing i
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Robocasting has lacked a well-desig
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Table 2.2 Example polymers that dep
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2.6. Sintering In robocasting, sint
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Figure 2.15 Sphere and plate model
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where
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2.5.3 Solid State Sintering In this
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Figure 2.18 Illustration of neck gr
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2.5.3.4 Final Stage During this sta
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Figure 2.23 Schematic diagram of th
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2.5.4.2 Rearrangement With the form
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2.5.4.6 Spreading of Sintering Aid
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Driven by reduction of free energy,
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2.5.5 Sintering Atmosphere Sinterin
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2.7. Composite Materials In this re
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Figure 2.29 Types of composite mate
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Table 2.6 Examples of composite mat
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Table 2.7 Examples of FGM applicati
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2.7.3 Processing For the fabricatio
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prepared discrete layers of uniform
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Powder densification processes gene
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The specific volume fraction beyond
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a) b) Figure 2.34 a) Volume fractio
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When the powders are densified in s
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Various FGM coating processes are a
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of FGMs, such as partially reactive
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leading to a characteristic time τ
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3.1 Introduction CHAPTER 3 AQUEOUS
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occurs in a multi-step process: fir
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a) b) Figure 3.1 a) SEM image of as
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3.2.3 Preparation of Carbon Black C
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3.2.5 Drying Shrinkage Characteriza
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the optimized surfactant concentrat
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The storage modulus of a colloidal
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For HA ink, yield stress
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In the case of the aqueous carbon b
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PPO units of Pluronic F-127 may ads
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a) b) Figure 3.6 A carbon black lat
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a) b) Figure 3.7 SEM images of a) c
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TGA plot is in agreement with previ
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a) b) Figure 3.9 Thermogravimetric
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3.3.8 Fabrication of Complex Cerami
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c) d) 109
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3.4 Conclusion A fugitive support m
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metal inks have been reported for R
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Midland, MI) 5% by weight stock sol
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4.2.5. Thermal Degradation of Binde
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4.3. Results and Discussion 4.3.1.
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4.3.2. Preparation of Nickel Ink Su
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260 °C for 8 hours, the residual c
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Table 4.1 Calculated residual carbo
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a) b) Figure 4.6 Sintered Ni struct
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temperature 138, 139 lead to 92-95%
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Figure 4.8 Scanning electron microg
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c) Figure 4.9 Sintered nickel latti
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5.1. Introduction CHAPTER 5 BARIUM
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materials within the overall struct
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40:60, 60:40, 80:20 are separately
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5.2.3. Rheological Characterization
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5.2.5. Co-sintering and Re-oxidatio
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mixing, BT and Ni phases appear uni
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The combined use of PAA and PAA-90K
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To quantify this difference in sint
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As the BT and Ni particles used in
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The reducing atmosphere used in the
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Figure 5.7 Vickers hardness number
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5.3.6. Fabrication of BT-Ni composi
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modify the sintering kinetics of th
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a) b) Figure 5.10 Co-sintered compo
Page 179 and 180: 5.4. Conclusions Freeform fabricati
Page 181 and 182: Liquid phase sintering involves usi
Page 183 and 184: (pH=4.4, 31.5% by weight) (Adva Flo
Page 185 and 186: concentration of 7 mg/mL in the aqu
Page 187 and 188: Table 6.1 Formulations of aqueous c
Page 189 and 190: thickness. Each layer of the struct
Page 191 and 192: 6.2.6. Hardness Test Microindentati
Page 193 and 194: micrographs for these two powders.
Page 195 and 196: Second, the added LiAC∙2H2O is am
Page 197 and 198: Figure 6.3 Oscillatory behavior for
Page 199 and 200: a) b) Figure 6.4 Sintering strain c
Page 201 and 202: mass transport in LFBT network. 167
Page 203 and 204: The above discussion is mainly focu
Page 205 and 206: Figure 6.8 shows the bowtie-shaped
Page 207 and 208: Figure 6.10 A NPR composite of para
Page 209 and 210: etween BT and Ni phases. But Zn ele
Page 211 and 212: Figure 6.13 Scanning electron micro
Page 213 and 214: Figure 6.15 shows the mapping of Ti
Page 215 and 216: Figure 6.17 and Figure 6.18 show el
Page 217 and 218: Figure 6.19 shows element mapping f
Page 219 and 220: 6.3.7. Piezoelectricity and Dielect
Page 221 and 222: 6.4. Conclusions Aqueous colloidal
Page 223 and 224: geometric features, including non-s
Page 225 and 226: 3. Development of aqueous colloidal
Page 227 and 228: 7.2. Recommendations In the context
Page 229: gelation behavior. κ-carrageenan i
Page 233 and 234: 29. Simchi, A.; Petzoldt, F.; Pohl,
Page 235 and 236: 61. Bouvard, D., Acta Metallurgica
Page 237 and 238: 92. Morissette, S. L.; Lewis, J. A.
Page 239 and 240: 120. Boehm, H. P., Some Aspects of
Page 241 and 242: 150. Atkinson, A., Growth of Nio an
Page 243 and 244: APPENDICES A. Mathematical Modeling
Page 245 and 246: and
Page 247 and 248: conditions: Equation A.12 is solved
Page 249 and 250: and with
Page 251 and 252: a) b) Figure B.1 a) Freeze-dried st
Page 253 and 254: a) Figure C.1 Cr-Ni lattices of 5Cr
Page 255 and 256: E. Binary Phase Diagram of ZnO-B2O3
Page 257 and 258: References A.1. Du, Z., Sarofim, A.
Page 259: Name: Jian Xu Date of Degree: May,
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