DESIGN, ASSEMBLY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITE ...

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efractory phase companied with a much smaller matrix particle size, if the more refractory phase in the densified FGM may be discontinuous. 72 Pushing this idea further, the matrix material may be uniformly coated on the refractory particles, thus preventing the formation of contacts between refractory particles. This strategy has been used to speed the densification of ceramic composites 73 to retard densification of BT-Ni composites, 74 to produce a functionally graded transition from 0 to 80 % TiN in Ni. 72 Also, the sintering rates in coated inclusion-based composites did not vary significantly with the inclusion volume fraction. 73 Using this approach, densification kinetics of the FGM can be relatively uniform. Therefore, it is possible to create significant refractory volume fraction variations via matrix densification only. 68
a) b) Figure 2.34 a) Volume fraction of equisized spherical inclusion phase above which there is sufficient percolation for this phase to prevent sintering of the matrix in the as-packed green powder compact: from computer simulation of Bouvard and Lange, 65 and b) Experimental data for the volume fraction of second phase at the onset of percolation measured in densified FGM composites produced by powder metallurgy, superimposed on the above theoretical curve. 71 Within experimental error, measured values generally agree with the theoretical predictions. 73 69
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DESIGN, ASSEMBLY AND CHARACTERIZATI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost
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CHAPTER 5 BARIUM TITANATE NICKEL CO
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Table 6.1 Formulations of aqueous c
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Figure 2.12 Schematic illustrations
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Figure 2.35 Schematic of the SHS pr
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Figure 4.9 Sintered nickel lattices
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Figure 6.12 Optical image of the cr
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1.1. Motivation CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCT
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and characterizing rheological prop
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2.1. Materials System CHAPTER 2 BAC
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2.2. Reentrant Structures and Ceram
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devices would provide self-sustaini
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a) b) Figure 2.4 Schematic illustra
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production of concept models, injec
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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) was
Page 33 and 34: Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)
Page 35 and 36: Inkjet printing (IP) 27 is based on
Page 37 and 38: Table 2.1 Comparisons of various SF
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.11 Processing steps involv
Page 41 and 42: 2.4.1 Colloidal Inks The printing i
Page 43 and 44: Robocasting has lacked a well-desig
Page 45 and 46: Table 2.2 Example polymers that dep
Page 47 and 48: 2.6. Sintering In robocasting, sint
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2.15 Sphere and plate model
Page 51 and 52: where
Page 53 and 54: 2.5.3 Solid State Sintering In this
Page 55 and 56: Figure 2.18 Illustration of neck gr
Page 57 and 58: 2.5.3.4 Final Stage During this sta
Page 59 and 60: Figure 2.23 Schematic diagram of th
Page 61 and 62: 2.5.4.2 Rearrangement With the form
Page 63 and 64: 2.5.4.6 Spreading of Sintering Aid
Page 65 and 66: Driven by reduction of free energy,
Page 67 and 68: 2.5.5 Sintering Atmosphere Sinterin
Page 69 and 70: 2.7. Composite Materials In this re
Page 71 and 72: Figure 2.29 Types of composite mate
Page 73 and 74: Table 2.6 Examples of composite mat
Page 75 and 76: Table 2.7 Examples of FGM applicati
Page 77 and 78: 2.7.3 Processing For the fabricatio
Page 79 and 80: prepared discrete layers of uniform
Page 81 and 82: Powder densification processes gene
Page 83: The specific volume fraction beyond
Page 87 and 88: When the powders are densified in s
Page 89 and 90: Various FGM coating processes are a
Page 91 and 92: of FGMs, such as partially reactive
Page 93 and 94: leading to a characteristic time τ
Page 95 and 96: 3.1 Introduction CHAPTER 3 AQUEOUS
Page 97 and 98: occurs in a multi-step process: fir
Page 99 and 100: a) b) Figure 3.1 a) SEM image of as
Page 101 and 102: 3.2.3 Preparation of Carbon Black C
Page 103 and 104: 3.2.5 Drying Shrinkage Characteriza
Page 105 and 106: the optimized surfactant concentrat
Page 107 and 108: The storage modulus of a colloidal
Page 109 and 110: For HA ink, yield stress
Page 111 and 112: In the case of the aqueous carbon b
Page 113 and 114: PPO units of Pluronic F-127 may ads
Page 115 and 116: a) b) Figure 3.6 A carbon black lat
Page 117 and 118: a) b) Figure 3.7 SEM images of a) c
Page 119 and 120: TGA plot is in agreement with previ
Page 121 and 122: a) b) Figure 3.9 Thermogravimetric
Page 123 and 124: 3.3.8 Fabrication of Complex Cerami
Page 125 and 126: c) d) 109
Page 127 and 128: 3.4 Conclusion A fugitive support m
Page 129 and 130: metal inks have been reported for R
Page 131 and 132: Midland, MI) 5% by weight stock sol
Page 133 and 134: 4.2.5. Thermal Degradation of Binde
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4.3. Results and Discussion 4.3.1.
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4.3.2. Preparation of Nickel Ink Su
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260 °C for 8 hours, the residual c
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Table 4.1 Calculated residual carbo
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a) b) Figure 4.6 Sintered Ni struct
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temperature 138, 139 lead to 92-95%
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Figure 4.8 Scanning electron microg
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c) Figure 4.9 Sintered nickel latti
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5.1. Introduction CHAPTER 5 BARIUM
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materials within the overall struct
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40:60, 60:40, 80:20 are separately
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5.2.3. Rheological Characterization
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5.2.5. Co-sintering and Re-oxidatio
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mixing, BT and Ni phases appear uni
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The combined use of PAA and PAA-90K
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To quantify this difference in sint
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As the BT and Ni particles used in
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The reducing atmosphere used in the
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Figure 5.7 Vickers hardness number
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5.3.6. Fabrication of BT-Ni composi
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modify the sintering kinetics of th
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a) b) Figure 5.10 Co-sintered compo
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5.4. Conclusions Freeform fabricati
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Liquid phase sintering involves usi
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(pH=4.4, 31.5% by weight) (Adva Flo
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concentration of 7 mg/mL in the aqu
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Table 6.1 Formulations of aqueous c
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thickness. Each layer of the struct
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6.2.6. Hardness Test Microindentati
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micrographs for these two powders.
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Second, the added LiAC∙2H2O is am
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Figure 6.3 Oscillatory behavior for
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a) b) Figure 6.4 Sintering strain c
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mass transport in LFBT network. 167
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The above discussion is mainly focu
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Figure 6.8 shows the bowtie-shaped
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Figure 6.10 A NPR composite of para
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etween BT and Ni phases. But Zn ele
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Figure 6.13 Scanning electron micro
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Figure 6.15 shows the mapping of Ti
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Figure 6.17 and Figure 6.18 show el
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Figure 6.19 shows element mapping f
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6.3.7. Piezoelectricity and Dielect
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6.4. Conclusions Aqueous colloidal
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geometric features, including non-s
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3. Development of aqueous colloidal
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7.2. Recommendations In the context
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gelation behavior. κ-carrageenan i
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REFERENCES 1. Larsson 9301647, 1993
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29. Simchi, A.; Petzoldt, F.; Pohl,
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61. Bouvard, D., Acta Metallurgica
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92. Morissette, S. L.; Lewis, J. A.
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120. Boehm, H. P., Some Aspects of
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150. Atkinson, A., Growth of Nio an
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APPENDICES A. Mathematical Modeling
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and
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conditions: Equation A.12 is solved
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and with
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a) b) Figure B.1 a) Freeze-dried st
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a) Figure C.1 Cr-Ni lattices of 5Cr
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E. Binary Phase Diagram of ZnO-B2O3
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References A.1. Du, Z., Sarofim, A.
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Name: Jian Xu Date of Degree: May,
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