Manual Wheelchairs - World Health Organization

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Fig. 1.8. Wheelchair suitable for outdoor use Fig. 1.9. Wheelchair suitable for indoor and outdoor use IntroductIon I 29 Many users live and work in a range of settings, and a compromise is therefore often necessary. Fig. 1.9 shows a robust wheelchair with a relatively short wheelbase but large castor wheels. This wheelchair could be used both indoors and outdoors. Users need to be able to get in and out of the wheelchair easily, to propel it efficiently and to repair it. Users may need to transport their wheelchair, for example in a bus or car (Fig. 1.10). Different wheelchair designs allow for wheelchairs to be made more compact in different ways. Some are cross-folding (Fig. 1.10), while others have quick-release wheels (Fig.1.11. and Fig.1.12.) and the backrest folds forwards. Fig. 1.10. Folding wheelchair Fig. 1.11. Quick-release wheels Fig. 1.12. Detachable wheels These needs and their related wheelchair design features are discussed in Chapter 2. 1
30 I guIdelInes on the provIsIon of manual wheelchaIrs In less resourced settIngs Materials and technology available Wheelchair designs vary, depending on the materials and technology available for production and repair, For example, wheelchair designers must take into account the strength and variability of the available materials to avoid premature failure. In the case of failure, the wheelchair should be easily repairable (20). See Chapter 2 for more information on this topic. 1.9 Stakeholders and their roles 1.9.1 Policy planners and implementers Policy planners and implementers are directly involved in the planning, initiation and ongoing financial, advisory and legislative support of wheelchair provision. The role of policy planners includes the following. • Wheelchair provision policy is developed in consultation with other stakeholders, aiming at effective measures to ensure personal mobility with the greatest possible independence for people with disabilities. This includes: • facilitating the personal mobility in the manner and at the time of their choice and at an affordable cost; • access to wheelchairs, including making them available at an affordable cost; • providing training in mobility skills to people with disabilities and to rehabilitation personnel; and • encouraging entities that produce wheelchairs and other mobility aids within the country • Standards for wheelchair products, service delivery and training are adopted, promoted and enforced. • Measures are taken to ensure that wheelchair provision is equitable and accessible to all, including women and children, the poorest and those in remote areas. • Wheelchair services are developed as an integral part of health care structures and in coordination with associated services, such as rehabilitation, prosthetic, orthotic and community-based rehabilitation services. • Sustainable funding policies for wheelchair provision are developed. • Wheelchair user groups and disabled peoples’ organizations are involved at every stage from planning to implementation. According to United Nations Standard Rules and the Convention, it is the primarily responsibility of countries to make wheelchairs available at an affordable cost. Ensuring the availability of wheelchair services within a country does not necessarily mean the direct provision of services by the government. Nevertheless, the government can work closely with nongovernmental and international nongovernmental organizations, development agencies, user groups and the private sector to develop national policies and a provision system. Furthermore, in developing the policy one needs to ensure that wheelchair services are cohesive and closely linked with national health and rehabilitation strategies.
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Other resources Cooper RA. Wheelcha
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