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240 Chapter 7 Multivariate Time Series Figure 7-9 The sample correlations of the whitened series ˆWt+h,1 and ˆWt2 of Example 7.3.2, showing the bounds ±1.96n −1/2 . ˆWt1 and ˆWt2 with sample variances .0779 and 1.754, respectively. This bivariate series is contained in the file E732.TSM. The sample auto- and cross-correlations of {Dt1} and {Dt2} were shown in Figure 7.6. Without taking into account the autocorrelations, it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the dependence between the two component series from the crosscorrelations. Examination of the sample cross-correlation function of the whitened series ˆWt1 and ˆWt2 , on the other hand, is much more informative. From Figure 7.9 it is apparent that there is one large-sample cross-correlation (between ˆWt+3,2 and ˆWt,1), while the others are all between ±1.96n−1/2 . If ˆWt1 and ˆWt2 are assumed to be jointly Gaussian, Corollary 7.3.1 indicates the compatibility of the cross-correlations with a model for which and ρ12(−3) 0 ρ12(h) 0, h −3. The value ˆρ12(−3) .969 suggests the model ˆWt2 4.74 ˆWt−3,1 + Nt, (7.3.2) and ˆWt1 , where the stationary noise {Nt} has small variance compared with ˆWt2 and the coefficient 4.74 is the square root of the ratio of sample variances of ˆWt2
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Introduction to Time Series and For
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Peter J. Brockwell Richard A. Davis
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viii Preface Since the upgrade to I
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x Contents 2.6. The Wold Decomposit
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xii Contents 8.8.2. Observation-Dri
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xiv Contents D.6. Model Properties
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2 Chapter 1 Introduction Figure 1-1
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4 Chapter 1 Introduction Figure 1-3
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6 Chapter 1 Introduction 3.5% of th
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8 Chapter 1 Introduction Example 1.
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10 Chapter 1 Introduction where mt
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12 Chapter 1 Introduction Figure 1-
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14 Chapter 1 Introduction n/12 6,
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16 Chapter 1 Introduction variable,
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18 Chapter 1 Introduction at once t
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20 Chapter 1 Introduction Example 1
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22 Chapter 1 Introduction ACF -0.2
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28 Chapter 1 Introduction can be co
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30 Chapter 1 Introduction If the op
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32 Chapter 1 Introduction The reest
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36 Chapter 1 Introduction (a) The s
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38 Chapter 1 Introduction It can al
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40 Chapter 1 Introduction Problems
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42 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.8. Let
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44 Chapter 1 Introduction At this p
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46 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes T
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48 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes T
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50 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes i
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52 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes P
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54 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes I
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56 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes A
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58 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes 2
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60 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes w
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62 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes A
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70 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes
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74 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes a
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76 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes t
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80 Chapter 2 Stationary Processes 2
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84 Chapter 3 ARMA Models The proces
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86 Chapter 3 ARMA Models where θ0
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88 Chapter 3 ARMA Models The AR pol
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90 Chapter 3 ARMA Models moving ave
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92 Chapter 3 ARMA Models ACF -0.2 0
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94 Chapter 3 ARMA Models can be fou
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96 Chapter 3 ARMA Models Example 3.
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98 Chapter 3 ARMA Models is entirel
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100 Chapter 3 ARMA Models 3.3 Forec
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102 Chapter 3 ARMA Models and rn
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104 Chapter 3 ARMA Models and 2 E
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106 Chapter 3 ARMA Models where the
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108 Chapter 3 ARMA Models Problems
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110 Chapter 3 ARMA Models 3.10. By
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112 Chapter 4 Spectral Analysis 4.1
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114 Chapter 4 Spectral Analysis (ii
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116 Chapter 4 Spectral Analysis Not
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118 Chapter 4 Spectral Analysis Exa
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120 Chapter 4 Spectral Analysis Fig
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124 Chapter 4 Spectral Analysis The
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126 Chapter 4 Spectral Analysis fac
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130 Chapter 4 Spectral Analysis Sin
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134 Chapter 4 Spectral Analysis Pro
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136 Chapter 4 Spectral Analysis 4.9
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138 Chapter 5 Modeling and Forecast
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180 Chapter 6 Nonstationary and Sea
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Figure 8-2 Sample ACF of the series
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8.3 State-Space Representation of A
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8.3 State-Space Representation of A
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8.4 The Kalman Recursions 271 the v
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8.4 The Kalman Recursions 273 Kalma
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8.4 The Kalman Recursions 275 where
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8.5 Estimation For State-Space Mode
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Figure 8-5 The one-step predictors
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8.6 State-Space Models with Missing
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8.6 State-Space Models with Missing
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8.7 The EM Algorithm 8.7 The EM Alg
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8.7 The EM Algorithm 291 Example 8.
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8.8 Generalized State-Space Models
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Figure 8-8 Goals scored by England
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Problems Problems 311 (see Problem
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Problems 313 can be expressed as Y
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Problems 315 and p(x2|y1) g(x2; y1
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9 Forecasting Techniques 9.1 The AR
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9.1 The ARAR Algorithm 319 and choo
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9.1 The ARAR Algorithm 321 9.1.4 Ap
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9.2 The Holt-Winters Algorithm 323
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Figure 9-2 The data set DEATHS.TSM
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Figure 9-3 The data set DEATHS.TSM
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Figure 9-4 The first 132 values of
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10Further Topics 10.1 Transfer Func
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10.1 Transfer Function Models 333 1
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10.1 Transfer Function Models 335 (
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Figure 10-2 The sample correlation
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10.1 Transfer Function Models 339 I
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10.2 Intervention Analysis 341 form
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10.3 Nonlinear Models 10.3 Nonlinea
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Figure 10-5 A sequence generated by
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10.3 Nonlinear Models 347 lation at
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10.3 Nonlinear Models 349 is a part
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Figure 10-7 A realization of the p
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10.3 Nonlinear Models 353 process {
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10.3 Nonlinear Models 355 Compariso
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10.4 Continuous-Time Models 357 whe
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10.4 Continuous-Time Models 359 i
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10.5 Long-Memory Models 361 and Cov
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10.5 Long-Memory Models 363 The spe
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Problems Figure 10-13 The minimum a
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Problems 367 c. For p ≥ 1, show t
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A Random Variables and Probability
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A.1 Distribution Functions and Expe
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A.1 Distribution Functions and Expe
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A.2 Random Vectors 375 The probabil
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A.3 The Multivariate Normal Distrib
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A.3 The Multivariate Normal Distrib
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Problems Problems 381 A.1. Let X ha
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B Statistical B.1 Least Squares Est
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B.1 Least Squares Estimation 385 Th
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B.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimation 3
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B.4 Hypothesis Testing 389 Example
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B.4 Hypothesis Testing 391 B.3.1, w
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C Mean C.1 The Cauchy Criterion Squ
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D An ITSM Tutorial D.1 Getting Star
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D.2 Preparing Your Data for Modelin
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D.2 Preparing Your Data for Modelin
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Figure D-2 The logged AIRPASS.TSM s
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D.3 Finding a Model for Your Data 4
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Figure D-4 The sample ACF of the tr
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D.4 Testing Your Model D.4 Testing
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D.4 Testing Your Model 413 frequenc
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D.5 Prediction D.5 Prediction 415 t
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D.6 Model Properties 417 of differe
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Figure D-12 The PACF of the model i
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D.7 Multivariate Time Series 421 us
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References Akaike, H. (1969), Fitti
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References 425 Dempster, A.P., Lair
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References 427 Mood, A.M., Graybill
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A accidental deaths (DEATHS.TSM), 3
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estimation of missing values in an
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polynomial fitting, 28 population o
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