Journal of Eurasian Studies - EPA

April‐June 2010 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume II., Issue 2.
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These reasons resulted in the second revolt in the past five years and the present situation in the
republic is very complex and deeply contradictory. In this context the following scenarios may take place:
I. A civil war is still possible, across a North ‐ South dividing line. This is the most negative tendency,
because in this case we the country will lose its integrity and statehood. If this will materialise it will mean
that the Provisional Government failed to control the situation and the unity of the Kyrgyz State will be
endangered.
II. The Kyrgyz Republic will use the the chance for a third revival after gaining sovereignty and will
start a positive process of development. However, much depends on political leaders, their level of
understanding the situation and their wisdom to choose the right development strategy. This scenario
would be most supportive for the realization of hope of millions of people.
III. The possibility of new conflict among the opposition (now in power) could lead to a new stage of
destruction. This scenario is real because the leaders of the Provisional Government are very different.
Their intellectual level, strategic orientation and personal interests are very different from each other.
Some of the leaders of the Provisional Government have no real patriotic qualities; some are only
motivated by their personal interests.
In order to understand the reasons of the April’s revolt in the Kyrgyz Republic we need to consider the
transformation process of Kyrgyzstan. The Kyrgyz Republic, after the proclamation if independence in
1991, has witnessed a transformation process from a traditional, socialistic society to a democratic state,
but most people in the country have not got experience in developing a democracy. In this context the
notion of “transition” evinces methodological significance in researching the economic, politic and social‐
cultural situation. It should be noted that the transition period in Kyrgyzstan is lasting for a fairly long
time – two decades and it has not been yet completed.
The main important topic in this relation is the Constitution. After the declaration of independence an
orientation towards democratic reforms began and the new constitution development project was started.
The constitution appeared in 1993, but it underwent modifications for four times. In 1996 a modification
was introduced to divide the parliament into two parts: Legislative Assembly and Assembly of Peoples’
Representatives. In 1998 an article on private property on means of production and an article on abolition
of prohibition of freedom of press was introduced. In 2003 a new redaction of the constitution was
adopted. It synthesized all the modifications and introduced corrective measures on many points, both of
economic and social‐political character. But after the revolution in March 2005 the constitution was
changed for the fifth time. New redaction was due in 2006, but since 2007 new talks were started about
the necessity to change the document. In June 2010 the sixth Constitution will be passed. Permanent
changes of the Constitution is the first reason of a stable crisis, because it reflects the attitude to the very
highest law. The new historical tradition of the Kyrgyz Republic’s sovereignty comes from the first
President – Askar Akaev who is mainly responsible for the formation of the present tradition of the
political and social life of the Kyrgyz people.
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