Nucleotide Analogs - Jena Bioscience
Nucleotide Analogs - Jena Bioscience
Nucleotide Analogs - Jena Bioscience
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Macromolecular Crystallography<br />
104<br />
Crystallization Optimization<br />
JBScreen Plus<br />
To select the formulations of the JBScreen Plus solutions, numerous<br />
reports on the use of additives to improve the quality and size of<br />
macromolecular crystals have been evaluated. These additives are<br />
commonly small molecules, which seem to affect sample-sample and<br />
sample-solvent interactions, as well as the solvent structure itself.<br />
JBScreen Plus comprises 5 kits, including kosmotropic (structurestabilizing)<br />
and chaotropic (structure-disturbing) additives, salts, volatile<br />
and non-volatile organics and other compounds. Each kit contains 24<br />
different additives, supplied in ready-made aliquots (100 µl each, except<br />
the JBScreen Plus Volatiles kit, containing 1 ml each), with adjusted<br />
concentration and sterile fi ltered. All solutions come in tightly closing<br />
glass vials that will keep them fresh and sterile.<br />
JBScreen Plus solutions are most useful in the optimization of preliminary<br />
crystallization conditions, where specifi c interactions between the<br />
additives and the biological macromolecule may assist in the initial crystallization<br />
of the sample and may help to improve the size and diffraction<br />
quality of the crystals.<br />
Recommended reading<br />
• Herberhold et al. (2004) Effects of Chaotropic and Kosmotropic Cosolvents on the Pressure-<br />
Induced Unfolding and Denaturation of Proteins: An FT-IR Study on Staphylococcal<br />
Nuclease. Biochemistry 43:3336.<br />
• Batchelor et al. (2004) Impact of protein denaturants and stabilizers on water structure. J.<br />
Am. Chem. Soc. 126:1958.<br />
• Boström et al. (2003) Specifi c ion effects: Why the properties of lysozyme in salt solutions<br />
follow a Hofmeister series. Biophys. J. 85:686.<br />
• Uedaira et al. (2001) Role of hydration of polyhydroxy compounds in biological systems.<br />
Cell. Mol. Biol. 47:823.<br />
• http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/kosmos.html<br />
• Cacace et al. (1997) The Hofmeister series: salt and solvent effects on interfacial<br />
phenomena. Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 30:241.<br />
• Von Hippel et al. (1965) On the Conformational Stability of Globular Proteins: The Effects of<br />
Various Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes on the Thermal Ribonuclease Transition. J. Biol.<br />
Chem. 240:3909.<br />
Formulation<br />
JBScreen Plus Kosmotropic<br />
Group Compound M Remarks<br />
A 1 Trimethylamine N-oxide 1.00 Zwitterion<br />
2 Proline 1.00 Zwitterion<br />
3 Ectoine 0.10 Zwitterion<br />
4 Glycine Betaine 1.00 Zwitterion<br />
5 Betain monohydrate 0.10 Zwitterion<br />
6 Taurine 0.10 Zwitterion<br />
B 1 Glycerol 2.00 Polyalcohol<br />
2 Erythritol 2.00 Polyalcohol<br />
3 Xylitol 2.00 Polyalcohol<br />
4 Adonitol 2.00 Polyalcohol<br />
5 Mannitol 1.00 Polyalcohol<br />
6 Sorbitol 1.00 Polyalcohol<br />
C 1 Aluminum Chloride 0.20 Kosmotropic cation<br />
2 Magnesium Chloride 0.20 Kosmotropic cation<br />
3 Calcium Chloride 0.20 Kosmotropic cation<br />
4 Lithium Chloride 2.00 Kosmotropic cation<br />
5 Manganese (II) Chloride 1.00 Kosmotropic cation<br />
6 Zinc Chloride 1.00 Kosmotropic cation<br />
D 1 Sodium Malonate 2.00 Kosmotropic anion<br />
2 Sodium Citrate 2.00 Kosmotropic anion<br />
3 Sodium Fluoride 0.50 Kosmotropic anion<br />
4 Ammonium Sulfate 2.00 Kosmotropic anion<br />
5 Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate 1.00 Kosmotropic anion<br />
6 Ammonium Formate 2.00 Kosmotropic anion<br />
http://www.jenabioscience.com<br />
Cat. No. Amount Price (€)<br />
JBScreen Plus Kosmotropic CS-501 1 Kit 200,--<br />
JBScreen Plus Chaotropic CS-502 1 Kit 200,--<br />
JBScreen Plus Salts CS-503 1 Kit 200,--<br />
JBScreen Plus Additives CS-504 1 Kit 200,--<br />
JBScreen Plus Volatiles CS-505 1 Kit 200,--<br />
JBScreen Plus Chaotropic<br />
Group Compound M Remarks<br />
A 1 Urea 1.00 Non-ionic<br />
2 DMSO 4.00 Non-ionic<br />
3 DMF 4.00 Non-ionic<br />
4 Pyridine 1.00 Non-ionic<br />
5 ε-Caprolactam 0.50 Non-ionic<br />
6 Phenol 0.10 Non-ionic<br />
B 1 Trimethylammonium Chloride 2.00 Chaotropic cation<br />
2 Guanidinium Chloride 2.00 Chaotropic cation<br />
3 Tetramethylammonium Chloride 2.00 Chaotropic cation<br />
4 Cesium Chloride 1.00 Chaotropic cation<br />
5 Rubidium Chloride 1.00 Chaotropic cation<br />
6 Potassium Chloride 1.00 Chaotropic cation<br />
C 1 Potassium Thiocyanate 2.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
2 Potassium Cyanate 2.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
3 Potassium Nitrate 1.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
4 Potassium Acetate 1.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
5 Potassium Iodide 1.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
6 Potassium Bromide 1.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
D 1 Sodium trichloroacetate 2.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
2 Sodium Thiocyanate 2.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
3 Sodium Perchlorate 2.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
4 Sodium Nitrate 2.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
5 Sodium Iodide 1.00 Chaotropic anion<br />
6 Sodium Bromide 2.00 Chaotropic anion