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Nucleotide Analogs - Jena Bioscience

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Antibodies<br />

238<br />

anti-Dr1<br />

rabbit polyclonal antibody<br />

Cat. No. Amount Price (€)<br />

ABD-011 50 µg 400,--<br />

Liquid. Supplied in PBS.<br />

Dr1 is a general negative regulator of class II and<br />

class III gene expression. It binds to the basic repeat<br />

domain of TBP on promoter DNA and can prevent<br />

the RNA Polymerase II holoenzyme, or its TFIIB<br />

and/or TFIIA subunits, from assembling into an<br />

initiation complex. Dr1 is phosphorylated in vivo and<br />

this modifi cation affects its interaction with TBP. In<br />

addition, Dr1 interacts with the hyperphosphorylated<br />

form of Pol II and with the repression domain of<br />

the AREB6 repressor. Dr1 forms a heterodimer<br />

complex with DRAP1 through its histone fold domain.<br />

More recently it was discovered that Dr1-DRAP1<br />

is a bi-functional basal transcription factor that<br />

differentially regulates gene transcription through DPE<br />

(downstream promoter elements) or TATA box motifs.<br />

It can stimulate transcription in vitro from Drosophila<br />

promoters containing DPEs, whereas it represses<br />

transcription from TATA-containing promoters.<br />

α-Dr1 is an affi nity-purifi ed rabbit polyclonal antibody<br />

raised against a recombinant full-length Dr1 protein.<br />

Specifi city<br />

α-Dr1 reacts with the Dr1 protein in HeLa nuclear<br />

extract (cat.# PR-777) by Western blotting.<br />

Recommended dilution range for Western blot<br />

analysis: 1:200 - 1:1000.<br />

Store: -20 °C<br />

Selected references:<br />

Inostroza et al. (1992) Dr1, a TATA-binding protein-associated<br />

phosphoprotein and inhibitor of class II gene transcription. Cell<br />

70:477.<br />

White et al. (1994) Differential regulation of RNA polymerases I,<br />

II, and III by the TBP-binding repressor Dr1. Science 266:448.<br />

Mermelstein et al. (1996) Requirement of a corepressor for Dr1mediated<br />

repression of transcription. Genes Dev. 10:1033.<br />

Kim et al. (1995) TATA-binding protein residues implicated in a<br />

functional interplay between negative cofactor NC2 (Dr1) and<br />

general factors TFIIA and TFIIB. J. Biol. Chem. 270:10976.<br />

Castano et al. (2000) The C-terminal domain-phosphorylated<br />

IIO form of RNA polymerase II is associated with the<br />

transcription repressor NC2 (Dr1/DRAP1) and is required for<br />

transcription activation in human nuclear extracts. Proc. Natl.<br />

Acad. Sci. USA 97:7184.<br />

Ikeda et al. (1998) Involvement of negative cofactor NC2 in<br />

active repression by zinc fi nger-homeodomain transcription<br />

factor AREB6. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:10.<br />

Goppelt et al. (1996) A mechanism for repression of class II<br />

gene transcription through specifi c binding of NC2 to TBPpromoter<br />

complexes via heterodimeric histone fold domains.<br />

EMBO J. 15:3105.<br />

Willy et al. (2000) A basal transcription factor that activates or<br />

represses transcription. Science 290:982.<br />

anti-HMG1<br />

rabbit polyclonal antibody<br />

Cat. No. Amount Price (€)<br />

ABD-012 50 µg 400,--<br />

Liquid. Supplied in PBS.<br />

High mobility group 1 (HMG1) is a 26 kDa highly<br />

conserved non-sequence-specifi c DNA-binding nuclear<br />

protein. Mammalian HMG1 has two homologous<br />

DNA-binding domains HMG boxes, A and B (each of<br />

80–90 amino-acid residues), linked by a short basic<br />

region to an acidic C-terminal domain containing 30<br />

consecutive Asp and Glu residues. HMG1 has been<br />

implicated in a number of fundamental biological<br />

processes including transcription, replication and<br />

recombination, in which it plays a role in manipulating<br />

DNA structure by bending, looping, compaction or<br />

unwinding, or by direct contacts with distinct cellular<br />

proteins. HMG1 can act as a repressor, by interacting<br />

with TBP to block pre-initiation complex formation or<br />

as an activator, by facilitating the binding of various<br />

transcription factors to their cognate DNA sequences.<br />

Most recently, it was discovered that HMG1 is a late<br />

mediator of delayed endotoxin lethality by activating<br />

downstream cytokine release.<br />

α-HMG1 is an affi nity-purifi ed rabbit polyclonal<br />

antibody raised against a recombinant full-length<br />

HMG1 protein.<br />

Specifi city<br />

α-HMG1 reacts with the HMG1 protein in HeLa<br />

nuclear extract (cat.# PR-777) by Western blotting.<br />

Recommended dilution range for Western blot<br />

analysis: 1:200 - 1:1000.<br />

Store: -20 °C<br />

Selected references:<br />

Bianchi et al. (1989) Specifi c recognition of cruciform DNA by<br />

nuclear protein HMG1. Science 243:1056.<br />

Bustin et al. (1990) Structural features of the HMG chromosomal<br />

proteins and their genes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1049:231.<br />

Zappavigna et al. (1996) HMG1 interacts with HOX proteins<br />

and enhances their DNA binding and transcriptional activation.<br />

EMBO J. 15:4981.<br />

Zlatanova et al. (1998) Binding to four-way junction DNA: a<br />

common property of architectural proteins? FASEB J. 12:421.<br />

Stelzer et al. (1994) Repression of basal transcription by<br />

HMG2 is counteracted by TFIIH-associated factors in an ATPdependent<br />

process. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:4712.<br />

Lu et al. (2000) Infl uence of HMG-1 and adenovirus oncoprotein<br />

E1A on early stages of transcriptional preinitiation complex<br />

assembly. J. Biol. Chem. 275(45):35006.<br />

Jayaraman et al. (1998) High mobility group protein-1 (HMG-1)<br />

is a unique activator of p53. Genes Dev. 12:462.<br />

Onate et al. (1994) The DNA-bending protein HMG-1 enhances<br />

progesterone receptor binding to its target DNA sequences.<br />

Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:3376.<br />

Yang et al. (2001) HMG-1 rediscovered as a cytokine. Shock<br />

15:247.<br />

anti-DNA Topoisomerase I<br />

rabbit polyclonal antibody<br />

Cat. No. Amount Price (€)<br />

ABD-013 50 µg 400,--<br />

Liquid. Supplied in PBS.<br />

Human DNA Topoisomerase I (Topo I) is a monomeric<br />

protein of 765 amino acids encoded by a single-copy<br />

gene. Based on its function, DNA Topoisomerase I<br />

has been subdivided into four distinct domains.<br />

The N-terminal 214 amino acids of Topo I comprise<br />

a highly charged N-terminal domain involved in<br />

protein-protein interactions with a number of cellular<br />

proteins. The highly conserved core domain expanded<br />

from amino acids 215 to 636 contains most catalytic<br />

residues and retains DNA binding activity. The active<br />

C-terminal domain (residues 713-765) is connected to<br />

the core domain by a poorly conserved linker domain<br />

(residues 636-712). Human DNA Topoisomerase I is<br />

the best studied of the DNA Topoisomerase family. It<br />

catalyzes the relaxation of both positive and negative<br />

supercoiled DNAs without the requirement of energy.<br />

In addition to DNA replication and transcriptional<br />

activation, DNA Topoisomerase I also plays a major<br />

role in pre-mRNA splicing, cell cycle and other<br />

gene regulatory pathways during cell growth and<br />

development. Since Topo I can cause large amounts<br />

of single-strand DNA breaks and this kind of DNA<br />

damage closely relates to most cancer, it is therefore<br />

believed that DNA Topo I can be an important target<br />

for antitumor agents.<br />

α-Topo I is an affi nity-purifi ed rabbit polyclonal<br />

antibody raised against a recombinant full-length DNA<br />

Topoisomerase I protein.<br />

Specifi city<br />

α-Topo I reacts with the DNA Topoisomerase I protein<br />

in HeLa nuclear extract (cat.# PR-777) by Western<br />

blotting. Recommended dilution range for Western<br />

blot analysis: 1:200 - 1:1000.<br />

Store: -20 °C<br />

http://www.jenabioscience.com<br />

Selected references:<br />

Liu et al. (1981) Eukaryotic DNA topoisomerases: two forms of<br />

type I DNA topoisomerases from HeLa cell nuclei. Proc. Natl.<br />

Acad. Sci. USA 78 :3487.<br />

Juan et al. (1988) Human DNA topoisomerase I is encoded by a<br />

single-copy gene that maps to chromosome region 20q12-13.2.<br />

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8910.<br />

Stewart et al. (1996) Biochemical and biophysical analyses of<br />

recombinant forms of human topoisomerase I. J. Biol. Chem.<br />

271:7593.<br />

Stewart et al. (1996) The domain organization of human<br />

topoisomerase I. J. Biol. Chem. 271:7602.<br />

Redinbo et al. (1998) Crystal structures of human<br />

topoisomerase I in covalent and noncovalent complexes with<br />

DNA. Science 279:1504.<br />

Pourquier et al. (1997) Trapping of mammalian topoisomerase<br />

I and recombinations induced by damaged DNA containing<br />

nicks or gaps. Importance of DNA end phosphorylation and<br />

camptothecin effects. J. Biol. Chem. 272:26441.<br />

Sekiguchi et al. (1996) Resolution of Holliday junctions by<br />

eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA<br />

93:785.<br />

Kretzschmar et al. (1993) Identifi cation of human DNA<br />

topoisomerase I as a cofactor for activator-dependent<br />

transcription by RNA polymerase II. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.<br />

USA 90:11508.<br />

Rossi et al. (1996) Specifi c phosphorylation of SR proteins by<br />

mammalian DNA topoisomerase I. Nature 381:80.<br />

Giovanella et al. (1989) DNA topoisomerase I--targeted<br />

chemotherapy of human colon cancer in xenografts. Science<br />

246:1046.<br />

Pommier et al. (1998) Mechanism of action of eukaryotic DNA<br />

topoisomerase I and drugs targeted to the enzyme. Biochem.<br />

Biophys. Acta 1400:83.<br />

anti-RXR (anti-RXR-LBD)<br />

rabbit polyclonal antibody<br />

Cat. No. Amount Price (€)<br />

ABD-014 50 µg 400,--<br />

Liquid. Supplied in PBS.<br />

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) serves as a promiscuous<br />

heterodimerization partner for many nuclear receptors<br />

through the identity box, a 40-amino acid subregion<br />

within the ligand binding domain (LBD). RXR partners<br />

include thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), retinoic<br />

acid receptors (RARs), peroxisome proliferatoractivated<br />

receptor, several constitutive active orphan<br />

nuclear receptors (e.g. nuclear growth factor I-B),<br />

oxysterol receptors, and constitutive androstane<br />

receptors. RXRs also form homodimers to mediate<br />

the effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cRA). Depending<br />

on these protein-protein interactions, RXR-containing<br />

complexes have distinct ligand-dependent and<br />

constitutive functions. The LBD is functionally complex<br />

and mediates ligand binding, receptor homo- and<br />

heterodimerization, repression of transcription in the<br />

absence of ligand, and ligand-dependent activation<br />

of transcription. Hormone binding to the structurally<br />

conserved LBD of the RXR triggers a conformational<br />

change that principally affects the conserved<br />

C-terminal transactivation helix H12 involved in<br />

transcriptional activation.<br />

α-RXR is an affi nity-purifi ed rabbit polyclonal antibody<br />

raised against the recombinant ligand-binding domain<br />

of the RXR protein.<br />

Specifi city<br />

α-RXR reacts with the RXR protein in HeLa<br />

nuclear extract (cat.# PR-777) by Western blotting.<br />

Recommended dilution range for Western blot<br />

analysis: 1:200 - 1:1000.<br />

Store: -20 °C<br />

Selected references:<br />

Mangelsdorf et al. (1995) The nuclear receptor superfamily: the<br />

second decade. Cell 83:835.<br />

Nakashima et al. (1999) Synergistic signaling in fetal brain by<br />

STAT3-Smad1 complex bridged by p300. Science 284:479.<br />

Egea et al. (2001) Effects of ligand binding on the association<br />

properties and conformation in solution of retinoic acid<br />

receptors RXR and RAR. J. Mol. Biol. 307:557.

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