15.01.2013 Views

Nucleotide Analogs - Jena Bioscience

Nucleotide Analogs - Jena Bioscience

Nucleotide Analogs - Jena Bioscience

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

Enzymes<br />

226<br />

Selected references:<br />

Brakmann S. and Löbermann S. (2001) High-Density Labeling<br />

of DNA: Preparation and Characterization of the Target Material<br />

for Single-Molecule Sequencing. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40:<br />

1427.<br />

Tveit H. and Kristensen T. (2001) Fluorescence-based DNA<br />

polymerase assay. Anal. Biochem. 289:96.<br />

Sanger et al. (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating<br />

inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:5463.<br />

® Pico Green dsDNA quantitation reagent is a trademark of<br />

Molecular Probes, Inc.<br />

RNA Polymerases<br />

RNA Pol II<br />

(RNA Polymerase II,<br />

native complex)<br />

human (HeLa cells),<br />

bovine (Calf Thymus)<br />

Cat. No. Amount Price (€)<br />

PR-713 2 µg 550,--<br />

Liquid. Supplied in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.9, 100 mM<br />

KCl, 0.2 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 20% glycerol.<br />

RNA Polymerase II is responsible for transcribing<br />

nuclear genes encoding the messenger RNAs and<br />

several small nuclear RNAs. It is composed of 12<br />

subunits. The two largest subunits are the most highly<br />

conserved among eukaryotes and are homologous to<br />

the α- and β-subunits of the bacterial RNA Polymerase.<br />

RNA Pol II cannot recognize its target promoter directly<br />

and cannot initiate transcription without accessory<br />

factors. Instead, this large multisubunit enzyme relies<br />

on both general transcription factors and transcriptional<br />

activators and coactivators to regulate transcription<br />

from class II promoters. The carboxyl terminal domain<br />

(CTD) of RNA Polymerase II contains 52 repeats of<br />

a heptapeptide that has multiple essential roles in<br />

transcription initiation, promoter clearance, transcript<br />

elongation, and the recruitment of the RNA processing<br />

machinery. Specifi c phosphorylation events at the<br />

CTD are associated with the spatial and temporal<br />

coordination of these different activities.<br />

Native RNA Polymerase II complex was purifi ed from<br />

HeLa cells nuclear pellet or calf thymus.<br />

RNA Polymerase II has been applied for in vitro<br />

transcription assays on naked as well as on chromatin<br />

templates and for protein-protein interactions assays.<br />

Unit defi nition: 1 unit equals 1 ng of purifi ed protein.<br />

100 units are suffi cient for reconstituted in vitro<br />

transcription assay and 500 units are suffi cient for<br />

protein-protein interaction assay.<br />

Purity: > 95% by SDS-PAGE.<br />

Store: -80 °C<br />

Selected references:<br />

Woychik et al. (1994) R.C. Conaway and J.W. Conaway (eds),<br />

Raven Press NY: 227.<br />

Ossipow et al. (1995) A mammalian RNA polymerase II<br />

holoenzyme containing all components required for promoterspecifi<br />

c transcription initiation. Cell 83:137.<br />

Edwards et al. (1991) Two dissociable subunits of yeast RNA<br />

polymerase II stimulate the initiation of transcription at a<br />

promoter in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 266:71.<br />

Flanagan et al. (1991) A mediator required for activation of RNA<br />

polymerase II transcription in vitro. Nature 350:436.<br />

Choy et al. (1993) Eukaryotic activators function during multiple<br />

steps of preinitiation complex assembly. Nature 366:531.<br />

Dahmus M.E. (1994) The role of multisite phosphorylation in<br />

the regulation of RNA polymerase II activity. Prog. Nucleic Acid<br />

Res. Mol. Biol. 48:143.<br />

Lu et al. (1991) The nonphosphorylated form of RNA<br />

polymerase II preferentially associates with the preinitiation<br />

complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10004.<br />

O’Brien et al. (1994) Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II Cterminal<br />

domain and transcriptional elongation. Nature 370:75.<br />

Lu et al. (1992) Human general transcription factor IIH<br />

phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II.<br />

Nature 358:641.<br />

Cisek et al. (1989) Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase by<br />

the murine homologue of the cell-cycle control protein cdc2.<br />

Nature 339:679.<br />

Chambers et al. (1994) Purifi cation and characterization of a<br />

phosphatase from HeLa cells which dephosphorylates the Cterminal<br />

domain of RNA polymerase II. J. Biol. Chem. 269:26243.<br />

RNA Pol II-CTD<br />

(RNA Polymerase II,<br />

carboxy-terminal domain)<br />

human, Recombinant, E. coli<br />

Cat. No. Amount Price (€)<br />

PR-714 10 µg 350,--<br />

Liquid. Supplied in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.9, 100 mM<br />

KCl, 0.2 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 20% glycerol.<br />

The carboxy-terminal repeat domain (CTD) of the<br />

largest subunit of RNA Pol II contains tandem repeats<br />

of a heptapeptide sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-<br />

Pro-Ser which is highly conserved among eukaryotic<br />

organisms. There are two forms of RNA Pol II in vivo,<br />

designated IIO, which is extensively phosphorylated<br />

at the CTD, and IIA, which is not phosphorylated.<br />

The IIA form preferentially enters the pre-initiation<br />

complex (PIC), whereas IIO is found in the elongating<br />

complex. The kinase activity of TFIIH can mediate<br />

CTD phosphorylation, although other kinases,<br />

including Cdc2, Ctk1, the Srb10-Srb11 kinase-cyclin<br />

pair, and P-TEFb, have also been implicated in<br />

CTD phosphorylation. A phosphatase responsible<br />

for the dephosphorylation of the CTD has also been<br />

identifi ed. CTD phosphatase activity is regulated by<br />

TFIIB and TFIIF. The CTD has also been implicated<br />

in pre-mRNA processing, most likely functioning as a<br />

platform for the recruitment and assembly of factors<br />

involved in pre-mRNA processing.<br />

Recombinant CTD is isolated from an E. coli strain<br />

that carries the coding sequence of human RNA Pol II<br />

carboxy-terminal domain under the control of a T7<br />

promoter.<br />

CTD has been applied in in vitro transcription assays,<br />

splicing assays and protein-protein interactions<br />

assays.<br />

Protein is greater than 95% homogeneous and<br />

contains no detectable protease, DNase, and RNase<br />

activity.<br />

Unit defi nition: 1 unit equals 1 ng of purifi ed protein.<br />

20 units are suffi cient for reconstituted transcription<br />

assay and 100 units are suffi cient for a protein-protein<br />

interaction assay.<br />

Purity: > 95% by SDS-PAGE.<br />

Store: -80 °C<br />

Selected references:<br />

Meinhart & Cramer (2004) Recognition of RNA polymerase II<br />

carboxy-terminal domain by 3’-RNA-processing factors. Nature<br />

430:223<br />

Lu et al. (1991) The nonphosphorylated form of RNA<br />

polymerase II preferentially associates with the preinitiation<br />

complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10004.<br />

Dahmus M.E. (1994) The role of multisite phosphorylation in<br />

the regulation of RNA polymerase II activity. Prog. Nucleic Acid<br />

Res. Mol. Biol. 48:143.<br />

O’Brien et al. (1994) Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II Cterminal<br />

domain and transcriptional elongation. Nature 370:75.<br />

Feaver et al. (1991) CTD kinase associated with yeast RNA<br />

polymerase II initiation factor b. Cell 67:1223.<br />

Cisek et al. (1989) Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase by<br />

the murine homologue of the cell-cycle control protein cdc2.<br />

Nature 339:679.<br />

Lee et al. (1991) CTD kinase large subunit is encoded by<br />

CTK1, a gene required for normal growth of Saccharomyces<br />

cerevisiae. Gene Expr. 1:149.<br />

Liao et al. (1995) A kinase-cyclin pair in the RNA polymerase II<br />

holoenzyme. Nature 374:193.<br />

Marshall et. al. (1996) Control of RNA polymerase II elongation<br />

potential by a novel carboxyl-terminal domain kinase. J. Biol.<br />

Chem. 271:27176.<br />

Chambers et al. (1994) Purifi cation and characterization of<br />

a phosphatase from HeLa cells which dephosphorylates the<br />

C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. J. Biol. Chem. 269:<br />

26243.<br />

Chambers et al. (1995) The activity of COOH-terminal domain<br />

phosphatase is regulated by a docking site on RNA polymerase<br />

II and by the general transcription factors IIF and IIB. J. Biol.<br />

Chem. 270:14962.<br />

McCracken et al. (1997) The C-terminal domain of RNA<br />

polymerase II couples mRNA processing to transcription.<br />

Nature 385:357.<br />

http://www.jenabioscience.com<br />

GST-CTD<br />

(RNA Polymerase II, Carboxyterminal<br />

Domain, GST-tagged)<br />

human, Recombinant, E. coli<br />

Cat. No. Amount Price (€)<br />

PR-796 10 µg 350,--<br />

Liquid. Supplied in 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.9, 100 mM<br />

KCl, 0.2 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 20% glycerol.<br />

The carboxy-terminal repeat domain (CTD) of the<br />

largest subunit of RNA Pol II contains tandem repeats<br />

of a heptapeptide sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-<br />

Pro-Ser which is highly conserved among eukaryotic<br />

organisms. There are two forms of RNA Pol II in vivo,<br />

designated IIO, which is extensively phosphorylated<br />

at the CTD, and IIA, which is not phosphorylated.<br />

The IIA form preferentially enters the pre-initiation<br />

complex (PIC), whereas IIO is found in the elongating<br />

complex. The kinase activity of TFIIH can mediate<br />

CTD phosphorylation, although other kinases,<br />

including Cdc2, Ctk1, the Srb10-Srb11 kinase-cyclin<br />

pair, and P-TEFβ, have also been implicated in<br />

CTD phosphorylation. A phosphatase responsible<br />

for the dephosphorylation of the CTD has also been<br />

identifi ed. CTD phosphatase activity is regulated by<br />

TFIIB and TFIIF. The CTD has also been implicated<br />

in pre-mRNA processing, most likely functioning as a<br />

platform for the recruitment and assembly of factors<br />

involved in pre-mRNA processing.<br />

Recombinant GST-CTD is isolated from an E. coli<br />

strain that carries the coding sequence of human RNA<br />

Pol II carboxy-terminal domain under the control of a<br />

T7 promoter.<br />

GST-CTD has been applied in protein-protein<br />

interactions assays.<br />

Protein is greater than 95% homogeneous and<br />

contains no detectable protease, DNase, and RNase<br />

activity.<br />

Unit defi nition: 100 units (ng) are suffi cient for a<br />

protein-protein interaction assay.<br />

Purity: > 95% by SDS-PAGE.<br />

Store: -80 °C<br />

Selected references:<br />

Meinhart & Cramer (2004) Recognition of RNA polymerase II<br />

carboxy-terminal domain by 3’-RNA-processing factors. Nature<br />

430:223<br />

Lu et al. (1991) The nonphosphorylated form of RNA<br />

polymerase II preferentially associates with the preinitiation<br />

complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:10004.<br />

Dahmus M.E. (1994) The role of multisite phosphorylation in<br />

the regulation of RNA polymerase II activity. Prog. Nucleic Acid<br />

Res. Mol. Biol. 48:143.<br />

O’Brien et al. (1994) Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II Cterminal<br />

domain and transcriptional elongation. Nature 370:75.<br />

Feaver et al. (1991) CTD kinase associated with yeast RNA<br />

polymerase II initiation factor b. Cell 67:1223.<br />

Cisek et al. (1989) Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase by<br />

the murine homologue of the cell-cycle control protein cdc2.<br />

Nature 339:679.<br />

Lee et al. (1991) CTD kinase large subunit is encoded by<br />

CTK1, a gene required for normal growth of Saccharomyces<br />

cerevisiae. Gene Expr. 1:149.<br />

Liao et al. (1995) A kinase-cyclin pair in the RNA polymerase II<br />

holoenzyme. Nature 374:193.<br />

Marshall et. al. (1996) Control of RNA polymerase II elongation<br />

potential by a novel carboxyl-terminal domain kinase. J. Biol.<br />

Chem. 271:27176.<br />

Chambers et al. (1994) Purifi cation and characterization of<br />

a phosphatase from HeLa cells which dephosphorylates the<br />

C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. J. Biol. Chem. 269:<br />

26243.<br />

Chambers et al. (1995) The activity of COOH-terminal domain<br />

phosphatase is regulated by a docking site on RNA polymerase<br />

II and by the general transcription factors IIF and IIB. J. Biol.<br />

Chem. 270:14962.<br />

McCracken et al. (1997) The C-terminal domain of RNA<br />

polymerase II couples mRNA processing to transcription.<br />

Nature 385:357.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!