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Occasionally, when nearly all the nodes are used up, Dr. LOGO will tidy up the workspace and you may see the turtle pause while this happens. You can ask Dr. LOGO to tidy the workspace by typing the command: recycLe This will often allow you to continue after Dr. LOGO has complained of not having any more nodes left. If you are using the CP IM 2.2 version of Dr. LOGO (on Side 4 of your master package), make sure that there is plenty of disc space left before starting Dr. LOGO in case you decide to save your procedures on disc. You can use the CAT command in AMSDOS (see part 7 of the Foundation course) to see how much free space there is on a disc. Now work through the following sections and try some of the examples - you won't understand everything first time! As you learn about Dr. LOGO you will be able to use more and more of the commands. When you have finished with Dr. LOGO type: bye Summary of Dr. LOGO primitives The following section groups together alphabetical lists of Dr. LOGO primitives showing the inputs to use, often with an example. NOTE Commands indicated by an asterix * are NOT available in the CP/M 2.2 version of Dr. LOGO (on Side 4 of your master package), and programs using these commands will therefore not be downwards compatible with the CPC664 or CPC464+ DDIl, running CP/M 2.2 Introduction to Logo Chapter 6 Page 7
Word and List Processing: (N ote that prompts? and> are shown in the following examples) ascii Outputs the ASCII value of the first character in the input word. bf ?asc;; "G 71 ?asc;; "g 1133 (but first) Outputs all but the first element in the input object. bl ?bf "srn; les m; le s ?bf [1 2 3] [2 3] (but last) Outputs all but the last element in the input object. char ?bl "srn; les srn; le ?bl [1 2 3 4] [1 2 3] Outputs the character whose ASCII value is the input number. ?char 83 S Chapter 6 Page B Introduction to Logo
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Introduction AMSTRAD CPC6128 Integr
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Contents Chapter I Foundation Cours
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Chapter 8 More about the Bank Manag
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Connecting the computer to a monito
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Switching on - CPC6128 and MP2 Modu
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( Part 2: Connecting your periphera
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Connect the end of the lead which i
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Part 3: About Discs .... The AMSTRA
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Some other compact floppy discs emp
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Type mismatch .... means that you h
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On the screen you will see: he L L
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Reset the computer to clear the mem
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The single quote mark ' (which can
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Division (use unshifted ? key for d
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Mixed Calculations (+,-,*,/) Mixed
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Part 7: Save It .... Now that you'v
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To look briefly at some of the CP/M
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Make sure that you don't close the
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On the screen you will see: Drive A
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Part 8: Understanding Modes, Colour
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So it is with the computer. Using t
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Now let's change to a new paper. Wh
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For further demonstration of the co
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Just to prove that this is on the t
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PLOT Unlike the L 0 CAT E command,
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Circles Circles can either be plott
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440 cy(st+1)=cy(st)+1.5*r(st)*COS(s
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Now reset the computer [CONTROL] [S
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Envelope Number This is the referen
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Number of Steps This parameter spec
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Typing in for example: la Load "fi
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If you have connected an additional
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Write protection Note that you will
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At the A> prompt, type: disckit3 Se
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Part 11: Introducing the Bank Manag
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The contents of Screen 1 are copied
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.... where r % is an integer variab
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I BAN K FIN D will start at the cur
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Chapter 2 Beyond FoundationslIlSlBl
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But hang on! We said that we want t
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32 PRINT " 1 • enter info" 33 PRI
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100 ON ms GOSUB 120,210,270 110 GOT
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Directing data to stream # 8 sends
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This L 0 CAT E s where the menu I N
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440 FOR x=1 TO 100 450 WRITE #9,NAM
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AFTER AFT E R [, ] GO SUB 10 AFTER
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BIN$ BIN $ ( [, ] ) PRINT BIN$(64,
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CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR COMMAND: Clears a
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CURSOR CUR S 0 R [][ , ] 10 CURSOR
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DEFINT DE FIN T
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DELETE DEL E T E DELETE 100-200 CO
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DIM D I M 10 C LS 20 DIM friend$(5
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The optional determines how the in
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Parameter 2: This parameter must b
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If2 parameters are used, these are:
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ERR ERR GOTO 500 Line does not exis
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FIX F I X ( ) PRINT FIX(9.99999) 9
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GOSUB GO SUB ,line number> GOSUB 21
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HIMEM HIMEM PRINT HIMEM 42619 FUN C
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The state of [SHIFT] and [CONTROL]
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INSTR INS T R ( [ , J , ) 10 CLS 2
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The given in the KEY command may b
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LINE INPUT L I NE IN PUT [# ,][;][
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LOG LOG ( ) PRINT LOG(9999) 9.2102
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MEMORY M EM 0 R Y MEMORY &20AA COM
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MOD MOD PRINT 10 MOD 3 1 PRINT 10
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NEW NEW NEW COMMAND: Deletes the cu
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ON GOSUB ON GO SUB
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COMMAND: GOes to a BASIC SUB-routin
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OUT OUT , OUT &FBF4,&FF COMMAND:
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PI PI PRINT PI 3.14159265 FUNCTION:
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Note that when a semicolon; is used
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String Formats 10 CLS:a$="abcdefghi
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RELEASE RE LEA S E 10 SOUND 65,100
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RESTORE RE SI 0 R E [] 10 READ a$:P
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RIGHT$ RIG H-T $ ( , ) 10 MODE 1:
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SAVE S A V E dilename>[, diletype>]
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If the parameter is zero, the soun
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SPEED KEY S P E E D KEY , 10 CLS:
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STEP (See FOR) STOP STOP 10 FOR n=1
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To allocate space in the CPC612S's
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S Y M B 0 L AFT E R will NOT operat
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TEST T EST ( , ) 10 CLS 20 PRINT
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TRorr TRON TROFF TRON 113 TROFF:PRI
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WAIT W A I T
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WINDOW SWAP WIN D 0 W SW A P , 10
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XPOS XPOS 10 MODE 1:DRAW 320,200 20
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Backup Master Discs It is most impo
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When you have only one built-in dri
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Creating a Turnkey CP/M disc As wel
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Three useful sets of keyboard codes
Page 222 and 223: Part 2: Cassettes If you wish to us
Page 224 and 225: LOAD "" LOAD "",&1F40 MERGE '"' RUN
Page 226 and 227: LIST #9 OPENOUTandCLOSEOUT PRINT #9
Page 228: If the first character of the filen
Page 231 and 232: Disc directory Every disc has two s
Page 233: Notwithstanding the contents of the
Page 236 and 237: 250 y=0:b=150:GOSUB 400 260 x=575:a
Page 238 and 239: ICPM ICPM COMMAND: Switch to altern
Page 240 and 241: ITAPE.IN ITAPE.IN COMMAND: Use tape
Page 242 and 243: cOPYTO: AMSTRADBASIC on tape * Bina
Page 244 and 245: Reference guide to AMSDOS error mes
Page 246 and 247: Part2:CP/M CP/MPlus Subjects covere
Page 248 and 249: Profile files can be constructed us
Page 250 and 251: Switching default drives If you hav
Page 252 and 253: Transient commands To perform more
Page 254 and 255: Colour Hex Decimal Colour Hex Decim
Page 256 and 257: The commands: .... or .... SET24X80
Page 258 and 259: PIP KEYBOARD.CPM=KEYS.CCP .... make
Page 260 and 261: Each disc can be assigned a label,
Page 262 and 263: Advanced programming Side 2 of your
Page 265 and 266: The program is menu-driven and when
Page 268 and 269: Chapter 6 Introduction to L This Se
Page 270 and 271: First Steps .... The? prompt tells
Page 276 and 277: count Outputs the number of element
Page 278 and 279: * Iput (lastput) Outputs a new obje
Page 280 and 281: wordp Outputs T RUE if the input ob
Page 282 and 283: sin Outputs the sine of the input n
Page 284 and 285: Outputs T RUE if the first word is
Page 286 and 287: pots (print out titles) Displays th
Page 288 and 289: pr (print) Displays the input objec
Page 290 and 291: * dotc Outputs the colour number of
Page 292 and 293: * setscrunch Sets the graphic scree
Page 294 and 295: ht (hide turtle) Makes the turtle i
Page 296: * setx Moves the turtle's horizonta
Page 299 and 300: Property Lists: glist (get list) Ou
Page 301 and 302: * dirpic Outputs a list of picture
Page 303 and 304: keyp Outputs T RUE if a character h
Page 305: ent Set up a tone envelope. The for
Page 308 and 309: * nob'ace Turns offtrace monitoring
Page 310: RE DE FP When T RUE allows re-defin
Page 314 and 315: BASIC Control characters Value Name
Page 316 and 317: Value Name Parameter Meaning &14 20
Page 318 and 319: If you are tempted to PO K E around
Page 320 and 321: Machine specific BASIC graphics cha
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69 &H45 &X01000101 • 73 &H49 &X01
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109 &H6D &X01101101 113 &H71 &X0111
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149 &H95 &X10010101 153 &H99 &X1001
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189 &HBD &)(10111101 193 &HC1 &)(11
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229 &HE5 &)(11100101 233 &HE9 &)(11
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Part 4: I{ey references Default ASC
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Part 5: Sound Notes and tone period
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NOTE FREQUENCY PERIOD RELATIVE ERRO
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17 Cannot CONTinue For one reason o
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AMSDOS error DERR value Cause of er
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GOSUB, GOTO, GRAPHICS HEX$, HIMEM I
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Printer Port VIEWED FROM REAR 17 16
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CHR$ Character Printer U.K. U.S.A.
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Part 14: Memory The CPC6128 contain
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It is intended that the part of the
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[ESC]b CPC6128 Colour bits [ESC]c
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ChapterS More out the Bank anagerll
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The command: I S eRE ENS W A P , [
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The specifies which record is writ
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Beware the mismatch .... Obvious er
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Chapter 9 At your leisure .... This
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The BASIC in your Amstrad computer
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Whose afraid of the jargon? As with
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If this process sounds cumbersome,
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Reconsidering the table that introd
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Some of the characters that you wil
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(Each character has a corresponding
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PRINT 10 AND 1000 Results in 8 agai
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Print formatting The PR I N T comma
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PRINT USING "\ test s \";"test stri
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Each of the following commands may
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.... and you will see that the 4th
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Usmgdata .... In a program that alw
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10 DIM a(5),b(5),s$(5) 20 FOR ;=1 T
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The sound of music .... Of all the
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Unless you are a very slow typist,
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Relative Volume Change 15 14 13 10
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The final part that can be added on
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In a complete program that may be m
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24111 IF p1$="." THEN ch1%=I1I:RETU
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Now RUN, and once again the dotted
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Ink modes It is possible to draw us
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10 REM latch animation 20 ON BREAK
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1410 I B 1420 IF fLag=2 THEN 1470 1
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2240 CLS:undraw=0:PRINT cmnd$(ro);:
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From then on, simply press the appr
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ppendixl Digital Research & AMSTRAD
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6. Registration Card DRI may from t
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ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit. The part
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Base The prime numeric consideratio
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Built-in commands Commands that are
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Compiler A complex program that con
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Download The transfer of informatio
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Gate Logical gates permit the passa
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Interpreter A further extension of
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Machine Code The programming langua
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Numeric keypad The area on the keyb
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Pixel The smallest accessible area
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Raster A system of 'writing' on the
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Software Programs themselves. May b
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Transient program A CP/M utility pr
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Appendix 3 Some Programs For You ..
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Bomber A variation on a classic the
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Telly tennis The one that started i
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75" PRINT" A 6 UP" 76" PRINT" Z 3 D
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760 ' 770 pwpe=(p1wp=p2wp):IF p1sa
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1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600
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1130 IF VRX%=0 GOTO 890 1140 IF P%(
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2290 IF C%(J%,IC%)=6 GOTO 2310 2300
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3010 DATA 310,355,310,375,350,355,3
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1160 RETURN 1170 ON rm GOTO 1180,11
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2410 ' 2420 'Draw switches 2430 ' 2
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c I BANKREAD ......................
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D DATA ............................
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I IBM format ......................
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N o MID$ ..........................
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RETURN key ........................
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T Switching on ....................
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x y WORD ..........................
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