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When we discussed the coup d'etats of 1981 and 1985, opinions on the seriousness of the remembered reality are merged with strong feelings. The workers were clearly divided between radicalism and conservatism, hence, the dichotomies; the coup the government the radicals the conservatives change status quo At the time, the women respondents had gathered round the radio sets upstairs listening to news from the coup organiser, whilst down stairs, the 'conservatives' watched the television announcements from the government of General Prem Tinasulanond. Witnessing the suspense in making and the unveiling of the coup was an intensively pleasurable experience. Our respondent described the atmosphere in the dormitories as "hysterical". (2) • we were all very excited, nearly hysterical I'd say.. (3) "I think we were hoping the coup might win, but when they (the government) took control Sister Tiem said, bloody hell, I/ic coup failed again.. By contrast, the male workers recalled that they were very quiet in front of the television set. Respondent (5) went home to follow the event. Respondent (6) read the newspapers the next day. During my discussion with them they talked earnestly and adopted a distanced position, whereas the women were totally involved. Their emotional immersion however, did not inhibit the discourse formed through this collective practice. (6) "1 did not lake side. I thought how could generals like Kriengsak and Serin do such a thing. I doubt if I/Icy were abducted as they claimed. Is ii possible? Who would dare anyway?" (3) "We were on Serm 's side (of the coup). But I really don '1 know why. (2) "There were three labour leaders involved. (3) "I think I hate Prem (the PM). Sister Tieni said let Semi be the winner. And then we put our heads together to talk about it. (2) "The ones who watched the icily were on Premn 's side. When Sermn was defeated Prern 's advocates said the coup was too violent. They said 1/icy shouldii 't hai'e shot at innocent people. 226
(1) "1 wonder if they are from Korat they seem to be crazy about him." (3) "Would Atit (former Commander-in-Chief) make a return?" (1) "Why can '1 anyone oust Prem? (3) "1 think Atit might succeed. 1-fe's got more soldiers." (Q) "Maybe someone changed his mind?" (2) "You meaii betrayal?" (1) "Yeh. (2) "Did you ever see ii in the movies? When tile crunch comes they turn against one allot/icr. I think there is sonic truth in movies. Like in a rebellion or something, tile masters would always make tile plan and their henchmen work their heads off. (4) "You don 't have to look very far, just here in our factory. Remember when we were trying to fight the house-keeper? Chuen and Lucy were on our side in the beginning but then Lucy betrayed us. " - (3) "Bloody betrayal!" (1) "Yeh, Lucy had a row with Chuen. Chuen said Lucy had changed and sobbed." (2) "1 still think the coup failed too easily. There must be something wrong. They always said they 'd help the working-class to get us on their side. Even if they didn t talk about (stop to find the proper word).. .1/Ic economy, working-class and things like that I want to see what they 'd do if they succeeded. I want to see some change. Otherwise, it's so static. No change, nothing could be done, it's bloody stupid!" In addition to collective confirmation, the articulation of the oppositonal discourse with the workers' discursive formation contributes significantly to the ideological cross-over and the incongruity of pleasure and ideology. As respondent (1) pointed out, "Iii the last coup in 198/ / was whole-heartedly on Prem 's side. After we have the union I think I begiti to learn more about politics. When I was at home we were really out of touch. We don 't have other sources of information so we believed what the government said on the radio (referring to the 1973 student revolt and 1976 student massacre). Respondent (2) also described herself as "better informed in politics because of the Union and the press". 227
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RADIO IN A TRANSITIONAL SOCIETY: TH
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Chapter 1 1.1 I .2 Chapter 2 2.1 2.
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Chapter 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 Chapter 9 9.1
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List of Figures Figure 1 The Admini
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Our inquiry therefore, is a small a
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4 --- First we begin with an apasis
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 MODERN T
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labour' either worked their own lan
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In the urban areas, the US military
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US, Japan and Europe. Between 1974
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In the present era of resurgent cap
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2.6 A Chronology of Events, 1932 -
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US government cut military aid to a
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on the other, it undermined the sub
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This was not the first time that th
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The cardinal position of the monarc
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3.2 Nationalism and Militarism; Con
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In the Thai language the word for '
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Reforms designed to 'modernise' the
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Development Plan (1961-1966), serve
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3.3 Paternalism and the Emergence o
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With Prem as the father figure (dub
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development of capitalism has trans
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democracy they were hostile to gove
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However, since the civilian governm
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egion total(%) Bangkok Central Nort
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the power of allocative control wou
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emained unfulfIlled. There were lar
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decisions used to secure the audien
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Restrictions on programme content w
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"Radio advertising is very cheap. A
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Although the emergent music industr
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million). This enabled it to expand
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In addition, the quantity of media
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editorial and advertisement. Commer
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O — V. '-'I C-.)- V- It) -V b1 I-
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ai C L I-. 0 L 0 H U 0 0 L 0 H 0 U
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5.1 The State and Media Production:
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Pua Pandin Thai shares similar ideo
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The closed form of the Sunday sermo
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5.2 The Production of News and Curr
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After the downfall of the military
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presentation. On AIvl radios, these
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Table 7 The Structure of Programme
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The routine of Kao Si Mum Baan begi
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commercial success, and the fact, a
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Table 8 A Summary of the Structures
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the theatre as well as from the civ
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How then can a declining industry n
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Phibun's military patronage, music
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a more cautious strategy. Since it
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The drama companies submit one-page
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Monthly salary - Main actors - Dire
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The production of popular music in
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exaniple, goes out into the country
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A small number of singers, such as
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the case of Grammy we do see a more
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or diversity in programming. Noneth
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Music programmes for example, are a
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political power is now on the decli
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of the sermons dealing with social
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In this sermon, civil servants are
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Through these programmes the milita
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Kampuchea and constantly ambushes v
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The military argues that it is the
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The rigid divisions that operated i
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are sometimes present in the same p
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"The Japanese PM won the election a
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"Parliament is no! an arena for rev
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forms. Nonetheless, it contradicts
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A second politku problem is posed b
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PART ONE: THE FINAL PLANNING OF THE
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In this rationalisation the author
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and her courtly speech are always s
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CHAPTER 8 DRAMATISING MASCULINITY A
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Sua is trained in a male dominated
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generally within the adventure form
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which carry the two themes simultan
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TOH: "Sua, you have succeeded... ev
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Sua Term is depicted as the hero's
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logging franchises in Laos and Burm
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"... My father wan Is me to have an
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The final way in which the film and
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the story, and not least by his bes
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KANITA: "(whisper) No sweat, physic
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CHAPTER 9 PRIVATISING SENSUAL PLEAS
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ealistic lyrics. Pleng Luktoong bor
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consumption. The following advertis
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Luktoong lyrics: resistance and acc
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worldview with the traditional inst
Page 183 and 184: When the balance is struck the song
Page 185 and 186: prevails. These songs juxtapose the
Page 187 and 188: These pre-emptions are however, ove
Page 189 and 190: Ah, ha, cutie, so handsome Whose lo
Page 191 and 192: This track reproduces the style of
Page 193 and 194: the album. They are juxtaposed with
Page 195 and 196: 9.3 Luktoong Music Radio: DJs and C
Page 197 and 198: Programme of Luktoong Artists -Adve
Page 199 and 200: month or approximately £25)6 with
Page 201 and 202: 'Pleng Hit Pua Kizun': DJs and the
Page 203 and 204: traditional popular sport that is b
Page 205 and 206: It is in this final slot, where the
Page 207 and 208: The field research The field study
Page 209 and 210: The second problem arises from the
Page 211 and 212: small dinning hail (which seats abo
Page 213 and 214: Category I Accommodation 2 Food 3 C
Page 215 and 216: positions, though some of their act
Page 217 and 218: The Unionisation of the Aporn Texti
Page 219 and 220: ". .we can 'I bear the house-keeper
Page 221 and 222: after her predecessor resigned, the
Page 223 and 224: einforce alternative spaces by inte
Page 225 and 226: A collective biography All of the n
Page 227 and 228: drama and the prime-time soap opera
Page 229 and 230: In the factory, the workers are abl
Page 231 and 232: pointed out, "a tragic ending is to
Page 233: of the story however. One responden
Page 237 and 238: sung among the women workers and on
Page 239 and 240: On the first anniversary of the Uni
Page 241 and 242: ealist narrative were rejected. As
Page 243 and 244: (B) "Now, there are well wishers wh
Page 245 and 246: In this manifestation of symbolic p
Page 247 and 248: CHAPTER 11 CONCLUSION The aim of th
Page 249 and 250: 11.2 Cultural Mediation and The Lim
Page 251 and 252: occured within the workers themselv
Page 253 and 254: Bibliographies Adorno, T. and Horkh
Page 255 and 256: Chaloemtiarana, T. (1976) "The Evol
Page 257 and 258: Huncharoen, C. (1983) "Panha karn K
Page 259 and 260: Murdock, G. and Janus, N. (1985) Ma
Page 261 and 262: Rajakool, C. (1984) The Social and
Page 263: Volosinov, V. (1973) Marxism and th
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