Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression Profiling ... - CUSAT

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References of a crustin-like antimicrobial peptide from black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Mol. Immunol. 45, 1085–1093. Andersen, J.H., Jenssen, H., Gutteberg, T.J. 2003. Lactoferrin and lactoferricin inhibit herpes simplex 1 and 2 infection and exhibit synergy when combined with acyclovir. Antiviral Res. 58, 209–215. Andersen, J.H., Jenssen, H., Sandvik, K., Gutteberg, T.J. 2004. Anti- HSV activity of lactoferrin and lactoferricin is dependent on the presence of heparan sulphate at the cell surface. J. Med. Virol. 74, 262–271. Andersen, J.H., Osbakk, S.A., Vorland, L.H., Traavik, T., Gutteberg T.J. 2001. Lactoferrin and cyclic lactoferricin inhibit the entry of human cytomegalovirus into human fibroblasts. Antiviral Res. 51, 141-149. Anderson, D.P., Siwicki A.K., Rumsey, G.L. 1995. Injection or Immersion Delivery of Selected Immunostimulants to Trout Demonstrate Enhancement of Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms and Protective Immunity. In: Diseases in Asian Aquaculture: II. Fish Health Section, Shariff, M., Arthur, J.R., Subasinghe, R.P. (Eds.), Asian Fisheries Society, Manila. Pp: 413-426. Andersson, E., Rydengard, V., Sonesson, A., Morgelin, M., Bjorck, L., Schmidtchen, A. 2004. Antimicrobial activities of heparin-binding peptides. Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 1219–1226. Andra, J., Lamata, M., de Martinez Tejada, G., Bartels, R., Koch, M.H., Brandenburg, K. 2004. Cyclic antimicrobial peptides based on Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor for neutralization of lipopolysaccharide. Biochem. Pharmacol. 68, 1297–1307. Andrenacci, D., Grimaldi, M.R., Panetta, V., Riano, E., Rugarli, E.I., Graziani, F. 2006. Functional dissection of the Drosophila Kallmann’s syndrome protein DmKal-1. BMC. Genet. 7, Pp. 47. Andreu, D., Rivas, L. 1999. Animal antimicrobial peptides: an overview. Biopolymers. 47, 415-433. Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression Profiling of Antimicrobial Peptides in Penaeid Shrimps 397
References Anggraeni, M.S., Owens, L. 2000. The haemocytic origin of lymphoid organ spheroid cells in the penaeid prawn Penaeus monodon. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 40, 85-92, Antony, S.P., Philip, R. 2008. Probiotics in aquaculture. World Aquaculture Magazine. 39, 59-63. Aoki, T. 1992. Present and future problems concerning the development of resistance in aquaculture. In Michel, C., Alderman, D.J., (Eds.), Chemotherapy in aquaculture: from theory to reality. Office international des epizootics, Paris. Pp. 254-262. APHA, 1995. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th ed. In: Eaton, A.D., Clescenri, L.S., Greenberg, A.E. (Eds.), American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA. Argyris, E.G., Acheampong, E., Nunnari, G., Mukhtar, M., Williams, K.J., Pomerantz, R.J. 2003. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enters primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells by a mechanism in volving cell surface proteoglycans independent of lipid rafts. J. Virol. 77, 12140–12151. Armstrong, P.B., Levin, J., Quigley, J.P. 1994. Role of endogenous proteinase inhibitors in the regulation of the blood clotting system of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polypkemus. Thromb. Huemostasis. 52, 117– 120. Arrighi, R.B.G., Nakamura, C., Miyake, J., Hurd, H., Burgess, J.G. 2002. Design and activity of antimicrobial peptides against sporogonic-stage parasites causing murine malarias. Antimicrob. Agents Ch. 46, 2104- 2110. Arts, J.A., Cornelissen, F.H., Cijsouw, T., Hermsen, T., Savelkoul, H.F., Stet, R.J. 2007. Molecular cloning and expression of a Toll receptor in the giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 233, 504- 513. Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression Profiling of Antimicrobial Peptides in Penaeid Shrimps 398
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Molecular Characterization and Gene
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Declaration I hereby do declare tha
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Acknowledgements This work was carr
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My Seniors, Dr. Annies Joseph, Dr.
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Contents Title Page Nos. 1 General
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in response to WSSV challenge 252-2
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α-2M Alpha-2-Macroglobulin ALF Ant
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ppA Prophenoloxidase-Activating Enz
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1.1 Introduction Chapter 1 Aquacult
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Chapter 1 the giant tiger shrimp (P
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Common names: Chapter 1 Giant tiger
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1.3.1. Diseases Chapter 1 Diseases
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Lymphoidal parvo-like virus (LPV) B
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Chapter 1 and protective occlusion
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Chapter 1 small brown masses in the
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1.4.6. Natural epidemics Chapter 1
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Chapter 1 can differentiate WSSV-in
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1.5.1.1. Probiotics Chapter 1 Alter
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Chapter 1 tried in P. monodon, resu
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Chapter 1 The first and essential i
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Chapter 1 1998). The innate immunit
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1.6.1 Haemocytes Chapter 1 The haem
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Chapter 1 In crustaceans, the sheet
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Chapter 1 Theopold et al., 2002). C
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Chapter 1 kill/remove the invading
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Chapter 1 forming complexes with a
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1.7 Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) 1
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Chapter 1 the response is very fast
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Chapter 1 Hirsch, 1947). While they
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Chapter 1 AMPs to various degrees u
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1.7.5 Biological activity Chapter 1
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Chapter 1 including the microbes as
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Tachyplesin I Chapter 1 Crustacea P
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Anionic and cationic peptides that
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Anionic and Cationic AMPs with cyst
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Chapter 1 Fig. 1.7. Structural clas
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Chapter 1 Group III: Linear peptide
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Chapter 1 through regular processes
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Chapter 1 ultimately signal to tran
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Chapter 1 divalent polyanionic cati
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Chapter 1 type of transmembrane por
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Chapter 1 other intracellular targe
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Chapter 1 Apidaecin, a short, proli
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Chapter 1 Hultmark, 1987; Gennaro a
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Chapter 1 quite opposite characteri
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Chapter 1 depletion of mitochondria
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Chapter 1 conformations adopted by
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Chapter 1 receptor may be a potenti
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Chapter 1 exposure to their targets
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Chapter 1 generating a rich spectru
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Chapter 1 by enkelytin (Goumon et a
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Lactoferricin Cow Mastitis control
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Chapter 1 trial, in which peptide T
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Chapter 1 a too limited spectrum to
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Chapter 1 number of research groups
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CHAPTER-2 Molecular Characterizatio
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Chapter 2 interaction with negative
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Chapter 2 inhibit the endotoxin or
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Chapter 2 structure be modified to
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Chapter 2 and the region might be l
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Chapter 2 been made of the spectra
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Chapter 2 their discovery and initi
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Chapter 2 terminal pyroglutamic aci
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Chapter 2 One can assume that the p
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Chapter 2 by degranulation into the
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2.2. Materials and Methods 2.2.1. E
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Chapter 2 washed by adding 1 ml 75
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Chapter 2 entry of recombinant DNA
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Chapter 2 and the deduced amino aci
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Chapter 2 Fenneropenaeus, Litopenae
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2.3.1.3. Crustin-1 (GQ334395) Chapt
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2.3.1.3.5. Phylogenetic analysis of
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Chapter 2 sequence also showed high
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Chapter 2 chinensis and F. indicus
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Chapter 2 monodon and Group III of
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Chapter 2 Tiger shrimp (P. monodon)
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Chapter 2 ALF-1 was a partial seque
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Chapter 2 As mentioned before, the
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Chapter 2 Munoz et al., 2004). The
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Table 2.1. Primers used for the stu
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Table 2.4. BLASTn analysis of ALF-2
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Table 2.8. BLASTn analysis of Crust
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Table 2.12. BLASTn analysis of Pena
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Fig.2.5. Agarose gel electrophoreto
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.9. Multiple alignme
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Chapter 2 Fig. 2.12 A bootstrapped
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Chapter 2 Fig. 2.15. Multiple align
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.18. A bootstrapped
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.20. Signal peptide
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.24 Multiple alignme
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Chapter 2 LITOPENAEUS SP. FARFANTEP
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Chapter 2 Fig. 2.28. Nucleotide and
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Chapter 2 LITOPENAEUS SP. FENNEROPE
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.43 A bootstrapped n
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Chapter 2 LITOPENAEUS SP. FENNEROPE
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.51 Signal peptide a
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Chapter 2 FENNEROPENAEUS SP. FARFAN
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CHAPTER-3 Molecular Characterizatio
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Chapter 3 certainly help us to unra
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Chapter 3 3.3.1.1. Anti-lipopolysac
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Chapter 3 was predicted out to be 1
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Chapter 3 random coiled structure t
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3.3.1.3.5. Phylogenetic analysis of
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Chapter 3 case has been reported in
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Chapter 3 Multiple alignments were
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Chapter 3 negative bacteria. In shr
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Chapter 3 indicated a random coiled
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Chapter 3 horseshoe crab big defens
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Table 3.4. BLASTn analysis of ALF-2
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Table.3.8. BLASTn analysis of Fi-pe
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.2. Nucleotide and a
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.5. Multiple alignme
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.8. Nucleotide and a
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.12. Multiple alignm
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.14. A bootstrapped
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SHRIMPS KIND CRAB LOBSTERS CRABS Ch
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Chapter 3 Fig. 3.28. Multiple align
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PENAEIDIN-2 Chapter 3 PENAEIDIN- 3
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Fig.3.31. Nucleotide and amino acid
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.37 Nucleotide and a
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4.1. Introduction Chapter 4 The aqu
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Chapter 4 appearance and have major
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Chapter 4 the tissues has recently
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Chapter 4 with the ability of shrim
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Chapter 4 with a low dose of WSSV b
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Chapter 4 molecules they are likely
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Chapter 4 for understanding gene ex
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Chapter 4 4.3.2. Expression profile
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Expression profile of endonuclease
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Chapter 4 bacterial and fungal infe
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Chapter 4 measuring TSV and YHV loa
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Chapter 4 Of particular interest he
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Chapter 4 large distribution and ab
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Chapter 4 WSSV genes viz. endonucle
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Table 4.2. Primers used for the stu
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 F
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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CHAPTER-5 Expression Profile of Ant
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Chapter 5 1994). The emergence of b
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Chapter 5 (Bovill et al., 2001). In
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5.2.2. Test diets Chapter 5 Four ex
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5.2.2.4. Preparation of Glucan inco
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Chapter 5 genes (latency related ge
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Chapter 5 On WSSV challenge, crusti
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Chapter 5 5.3.4. Expression profile
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5.3.4.5. Expression profile of pena
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Chapter 5 must firstly rest on a so
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Chapter 5 For the present study two
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Chapter 5 ameobocytes of two marine
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Chapter 5 variation in expression o
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Chapter 5 It has been previously sh
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Chapter 5 manifested in terms of gr
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(A) (B) (C) C CHY CSY CHG CSG C CHY
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(A) (B) -VE CTRL +VE CTRL CHG CSG C
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(A) PRE-CHALLENGE (B) POST-CHALLENG
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(A) PRE-CHALLENGE (B) (C) (D) CONTR
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(C) (D) (A) PRE-CHALLENGE (B) CONTR
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(A) (B) G M HP HR I Chapter 5 Fig.
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Chapter 5 Fig. 5.26. Post challenge
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6.1. Introduction Chapter 6 Prophyl
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Chapter 6 production of inhibitory
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6.2. Materials and methods 6.2.1. E
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Chapter 6 tissue cDNA was performed
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Chapter 6 gene was supported by Bac
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Page 371 and 372: Chapter 6 the gene was found to be
Page 373 and 374: Chapter 6 found to support minimum
Page 375 and 376: Chapter 6 is induced upon bacterial
Page 377 and 378: Chapter 6 all the target genes, exc
Page 379 and 380: Chapter 6 Detailed tissue-wise anal
Page 381 and 382: Chapter 6 Gills and intestine was f
Page 383 and 384: (A) (B) Fig. 6.1. Experimental diet
Page 385 and 386: (A) (B) (C) Fig. 6.3. Expression pr
Page 387 and 388: (A) (B) (C) C B M BM C B M BM Fig.
Page 389 and 390: (A) (B) (C) Fig. 6.7. Expression pr
Page 391 and 392: (A) (B) (C) Chapter 6 Fig. 6.9. Exp
Page 393 and 394: (A) (B) -VE CTRL +VE CTRL B M BM Ch
Page 401 and 402: (A) PRE-CHALLENGE (B) POST-CHALLENG
Page 403 and 404: (A) PRE-CHALLENGE (B) POST-CHALLENG
Page 405 and 406: (A) (C) (D) PRE-CHALLENGE POST-CHAL
Page 407 and 408: (A) (B) G M HP HR I Chapter 6 Fig.
Page 409 and 410: Chapter 6 Fig. 6.27. Post challenge
Page 411 and 412: 7.1. Summary Chapter 7 Tropical shr
Page 413 and 414: Salient findings Chapter 7 � From
Page 415 and 416: Chapter 7 � Tissue-wise expressio
Page 417 and 418: Chapter 7 application in shrimp cul
Page 419: References Aboudy, Y., Mendelson, E
Page 423 and 424: References Bals, R., Wang, X., Zasl
Page 425 and 426: References derived from the N-termi
Page 427 and 428: References Breukink, E., de Kruijff
Page 429 and 430: References Burgents, J.E., Burnett,
Page 431 and 432: References 1,3-β-D-glucan-binding
Page 433 and 434: References Chen, J.Y., Chuang, H.,
Page 435 and 436: References Cole, A.M., Hong, T., Bo
Page 437 and 438: References Dathe, M., Wieprecht, T.
Page 439 and 440: References Diamond, G., Zasloff, M.
Page 441 and 442: References Faber, C., Stallmann, H.
Page 443 and 444: References Flint, S.J., Enquist, L.
Page 445 and 446: References Gennaro, R., Zanetti, M.
Page 447 and 448: References Gudmundsson, G.H., Lidho
Page 449 and 450: References Harwig, S.S., Swiderek,
Page 451 and 452: References Hirakura, Y., Kobayashi,
Page 453 and 454: References Huang, C.C., Song, Y.L.
Page 455 and 456: References Itami, T., Takahashi, Y.
Page 457 and 458: References Jiravanichpaisal, P. Whi
Page 459 and 460: References Kang, J.H., Shin, S.Y.,
Page 461 and 462: References Kono, T., Savan, R., Sak
Page 463 and 464: References rich peptide derived fro
Page 465 and 466: References Li, L., Wang, J.X., Zhao
Page 467 and 468: References Liu, C.H., Cheng, W., Ku
Page 469 and 470: References Lorenzon, S., de Guarrin
Page 471 and 472:
References Marone, M., Mozzetti, S.
Page 473 and 474:
References Medvinsky, A., Dzierzak,
Page 475 and 476:
References Moriarty, D.J.W. 1996. M
Page 477 and 478:
References antimicrobial peptide fr
Page 479 and 480:
References Otta, S.K., Karunasagar,
Page 481 and 482:
References simplex virus has heptad
Page 483 and 484:
References infected shrimp. Thesis
Page 485 and 486:
References Litopenaeus vannamei cha
Page 487 and 488:
References Roth, B.L., Poot, M., Yu
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References Sathish, S., Musthaq, S.
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References a proline-arginine-rich
Page 493 and 494:
References Smith, V.J., Fernandes,
Page 495 and 496:
References Song, Y.L., Cheng, W., W
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References experimental system. In:
Page 499 and 500:
References the black tiger shrimp P
Page 501 and 502:
References Tapay, L.M., Cesar, E.,
Page 503 and 504:
References Touhy, K.M., Probert, H.
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References van Hulten, M.C., Reijns
Page 507 and 508:
References Vives, R.R., Imberty, A.
Page 509 and 510:
References Wang, Y.C., Chang, P.S.,
Page 511 and 512:
References Williams, M.J., Rodrigue
Page 513 and 514:
References Wu, W., Zong, R., Xu, J.
Page 515 and 516:
References Yodmuang, S., Tirasophon
Page 517 and 518:
References Zhan, W.B., Wang, Y.H. 1
Page 519 and 520:
Penaeus monodon anti-lipopolysaccha
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Penaeus monodon crustin-like antimi
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Penaeus monodon crustin-like antimi
Page 525 and 526:
Penaeus monodon penaeidin-like anti
Page 527 and 528:
Penaeus monodon elongation factor m
Page 529 and 530:
Fenneropenaeus indicus anti-lipopol
Page 531 and 532:
Fenneropenaeus indicus penaeidin-li
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Fenneropenaeus indicus beta-actin m
Page 535 and 536:
PUBLICATIONS
Page 537 and 538:
Short sequence report Molecular cha
Page 539 and 540:
Fig. 2. Multiple alignment of nucle
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220 The phylogenetic relationships
Page 543 and 544:
Table 1 Rearing conditions and wate
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5 ′ cttgtggttgacaatggctccg3
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Expression of WSSV genes in the hae
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Fig. 4. Expression profile of crust
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S.P. Antony et al. / Immunobiology
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