Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression Profiling ... - CUSAT

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References various tissues of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon infected with white-spot syndrome virus. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 551, 3-10. Wongteerasupaya, C. 1996. Viral characterisation and development of specific detection for yellow-head and white-spot diseases in Penaeus monodon. Ph.D. thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Wongteerasupaya, C., Sriurairatana, S., Vickers, J.E., Akrajamorn, A., Boonsaeng, V., Panyim, S., Tassanakajon, A., Withyachumnarnjul, B., Flegel, T.W. 1995. Yellow-head virus of Penaeus monodon is an RNA virus. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 22, 45-50. Wosten, M.M., Groisman, E.A. 1999. Molecular characterization of the PmrA regulon. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 27185-27190. Wu, J.L., Muroga, K. 2004. Apoptosis does not play an important role in the resistance of immune Penaeus japonicus against white spot syndrome virus. J. Fish Dis. 27, 15-21. Wu, J.L., Namikoshi, A., Nishizawa, T., Mushiak, K., Teruya, K., Muroga, K. 2001. Effects of shrimp density on transmission of penaeid acute viremia in Penaeus japonicus by cannibalism and the waterborne route. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 47, 129-135. Wu, M., Maier, E., Benz, R., Hancock, R.E.W. 1999. Mechanism of interaction of different classes of cationic antimicrobial peptides with planar bilayers and with the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 38, 7235-7242. Wu, W., Wang, L., Zhang, X. 2005. Identification of white spot syndrome virus WSSV envelope proteins involved in shrimp infection. Virology. 332, 578–583. Wu, W., Zhang, X. 2007. Characterization of a Rab GTPase upregulated in the shrimp Peneaus japonicus by virus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 232, 438-445. Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression Profiling of Antimicrobial Peptides in Penaeid Shrimps 489
References Wu, W., Zong, R., Xu, J., Zhang, X. 2008. Antiviral phagocytosis is regulated by a novel Rab-dependent complex in shrimp Penaeus japonicus. J. Proteome Res. 71, 424-431. WuDunn, D., Spear, P.G. 1989. Initial interaction of herpes simplex virus with cells is binding to heparan sulfate. J. Virol. 63, 52–58. Xie, X., Xu, L., Yang, F. 2006. Proteomic analysis of the major envelope and nucleocapsid proteins of white spot syndrome virus. J. Virology. 80, 10615-10623. Xie, X., Yang, F. 2005. Interaction of white spot syndrome virus VP26 protein with actin. Virology. 3361, 93-99. Xu, J., Han, F., Zhang, X. 2007. Silencing shrimp white spot syndrome virus WSSV genes by siRNA. Antiviral Res. 732, 126-131. Yamaguchi, S., Hong, T., Waring, A., Lehrer, R.I., Hong, M. 2002. Solid-state NMR investigations of peptide–lipid interaction and orientation of a β-sheet antimicrobial peptide, protegrin. Biochemistry. 41, 9852–9862. Yamaguchi, S., Huster, D., Waring, A., Lehrer, R.I., Kearney, W., Tack, B.F., Hong, M. 2001. Orientation and dynamics of an antimicrobial peptide in the lipid bilayer by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Biophys. J. 81, 2203-2214. Yang, C., Zhang, J., Li, F., Ma, H., Zhang, Q., Jose Priya, T. A., Zhang, X., Xiang, J. 2008. A Toll receptor from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis is responsive to Vibrio anguillarum infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 245, 564-574. Yang, D., Biragyn, A., Hoover, D.M., Lubkowski, J., Oppenheim, J.J. 2004. Multiple roles of antimicrobial defensins, cathelicidins, and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in host defense. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22, 181–215. Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression Profiling of Antimicrobial Peptides in Penaeid Shrimps 490
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Molecular Characterization and Gene
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Declaration I hereby do declare tha
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Acknowledgements This work was carr
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My Seniors, Dr. Annies Joseph, Dr.
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Contents Title Page Nos. 1 General
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in response to WSSV challenge 252-2
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α-2M Alpha-2-Macroglobulin ALF Ant
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ppA Prophenoloxidase-Activating Enz
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1.1 Introduction Chapter 1 Aquacult
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Chapter 1 the giant tiger shrimp (P
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Common names: Chapter 1 Giant tiger
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1.3.1. Diseases Chapter 1 Diseases
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Lymphoidal parvo-like virus (LPV) B
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Chapter 1 and protective occlusion
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Chapter 1 small brown masses in the
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1.4.6. Natural epidemics Chapter 1
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Chapter 1 can differentiate WSSV-in
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1.5.1.1. Probiotics Chapter 1 Alter
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Chapter 1 tried in P. monodon, resu
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Chapter 1 The first and essential i
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Chapter 1 1998). The innate immunit
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1.6.1 Haemocytes Chapter 1 The haem
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Chapter 1 In crustaceans, the sheet
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Chapter 1 Theopold et al., 2002). C
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Chapter 1 kill/remove the invading
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Chapter 1 forming complexes with a
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1.7 Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) 1
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Chapter 1 the response is very fast
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Chapter 1 Hirsch, 1947). While they
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Chapter 1 AMPs to various degrees u
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1.7.5 Biological activity Chapter 1
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Chapter 1 including the microbes as
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Tachyplesin I Chapter 1 Crustacea P
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Anionic and cationic peptides that
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Anionic and Cationic AMPs with cyst
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Chapter 1 Fig. 1.7. Structural clas
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Chapter 1 Group III: Linear peptide
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Chapter 1 through regular processes
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Chapter 1 ultimately signal to tran
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Chapter 1 divalent polyanionic cati
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Chapter 1 type of transmembrane por
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Chapter 1 other intracellular targe
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Chapter 1 Apidaecin, a short, proli
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Chapter 1 Hultmark, 1987; Gennaro a
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Chapter 1 quite opposite characteri
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Chapter 1 depletion of mitochondria
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Chapter 1 conformations adopted by
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Chapter 1 receptor may be a potenti
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Chapter 1 exposure to their targets
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Chapter 1 generating a rich spectru
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Chapter 1 by enkelytin (Goumon et a
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Lactoferricin Cow Mastitis control
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Chapter 1 trial, in which peptide T
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Chapter 1 a too limited spectrum to
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Chapter 1 number of research groups
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CHAPTER-2 Molecular Characterizatio
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Chapter 2 interaction with negative
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Chapter 2 inhibit the endotoxin or
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Chapter 2 structure be modified to
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Chapter 2 and the region might be l
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Chapter 2 been made of the spectra
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Chapter 2 their discovery and initi
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Chapter 2 terminal pyroglutamic aci
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Chapter 2 One can assume that the p
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Chapter 2 by degranulation into the
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2.2. Materials and Methods 2.2.1. E
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Chapter 2 washed by adding 1 ml 75
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Chapter 2 entry of recombinant DNA
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Chapter 2 and the deduced amino aci
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Chapter 2 Fenneropenaeus, Litopenae
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2.3.1.3. Crustin-1 (GQ334395) Chapt
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2.3.1.3.5. Phylogenetic analysis of
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Chapter 2 sequence also showed high
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Chapter 2 chinensis and F. indicus
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Chapter 2 monodon and Group III of
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Chapter 2 Tiger shrimp (P. monodon)
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Chapter 2 ALF-1 was a partial seque
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Chapter 2 As mentioned before, the
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Chapter 2 Munoz et al., 2004). The
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Table 2.1. Primers used for the stu
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Table 2.4. BLASTn analysis of ALF-2
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Table 2.8. BLASTn analysis of Crust
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Table 2.12. BLASTn analysis of Pena
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Fig.2.5. Agarose gel electrophoreto
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.9. Multiple alignme
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Chapter 2 Fig. 2.12 A bootstrapped
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Chapter 2 Fig. 2.15. Multiple align
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.18. A bootstrapped
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.20. Signal peptide
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.24 Multiple alignme
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Chapter 2 LITOPENAEUS SP. FARFANTEP
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Chapter 2 Fig. 2.28. Nucleotide and
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Chapter 2 LITOPENAEUS SP. FENNEROPE
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.43 A bootstrapped n
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Chapter 2 LITOPENAEUS SP. FENNEROPE
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Chapter 2 Fig.2.51 Signal peptide a
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Chapter 2 FENNEROPENAEUS SP. FARFAN
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CHAPTER-3 Molecular Characterizatio
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Chapter 3 certainly help us to unra
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Chapter 3 3.3.1.1. Anti-lipopolysac
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Chapter 3 was predicted out to be 1
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Chapter 3 random coiled structure t
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3.3.1.3.5. Phylogenetic analysis of
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Chapter 3 case has been reported in
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Chapter 3 Multiple alignments were
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Chapter 3 negative bacteria. In shr
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Chapter 3 indicated a random coiled
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Chapter 3 horseshoe crab big defens
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Table 3.4. BLASTn analysis of ALF-2
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Table.3.8. BLASTn analysis of Fi-pe
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.2. Nucleotide and a
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.5. Multiple alignme
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.8. Nucleotide and a
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.12. Multiple alignm
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.14. A bootstrapped
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SHRIMPS KIND CRAB LOBSTERS CRABS Ch
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Chapter 3 Fig. 3.28. Multiple align
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PENAEIDIN-2 Chapter 3 PENAEIDIN- 3
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Fig.3.31. Nucleotide and amino acid
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Chapter 3 Fig.3.37 Nucleotide and a
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4.1. Introduction Chapter 4 The aqu
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Chapter 4 appearance and have major
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Chapter 4 the tissues has recently
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Chapter 4 with the ability of shrim
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Chapter 4 with a low dose of WSSV b
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Chapter 4 molecules they are likely
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Chapter 4 for understanding gene ex
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Chapter 4 4.3.2. Expression profile
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Expression profile of endonuclease
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Chapter 4 bacterial and fungal infe
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Chapter 4 measuring TSV and YHV loa
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Chapter 4 Of particular interest he
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Chapter 4 large distribution and ab
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Chapter 4 WSSV genes viz. endonucle
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Table 4.2. Primers used for the stu
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 F
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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(A) (B) B 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C
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CHAPTER-5 Expression Profile of Ant
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Chapter 5 1994). The emergence of b
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Chapter 5 (Bovill et al., 2001). In
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5.2.2. Test diets Chapter 5 Four ex
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5.2.2.4. Preparation of Glucan inco
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Chapter 5 genes (latency related ge
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Chapter 5 On WSSV challenge, crusti
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Chapter 5 5.3.4. Expression profile
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5.3.4.5. Expression profile of pena
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Chapter 5 must firstly rest on a so
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Chapter 5 For the present study two
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Chapter 5 ameobocytes of two marine
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Chapter 5 variation in expression o
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Chapter 5 It has been previously sh
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Chapter 5 manifested in terms of gr
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(A) (B) (C) C CHY CSY CHG CSG C CHY
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(A) (B) -VE CTRL +VE CTRL CHG CSG C
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(A) PRE-CHALLENGE (B) POST-CHALLENG
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(A) PRE-CHALLENGE (B) (C) (D) CONTR
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(C) (D) (A) PRE-CHALLENGE (B) CONTR
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(A) (B) G M HP HR I Chapter 5 Fig.
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Chapter 5 Fig. 5.26. Post challenge
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6.1. Introduction Chapter 6 Prophyl
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Chapter 6 production of inhibitory
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6.2. Materials and methods 6.2.1. E
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Chapter 6 tissue cDNA was performed
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Chapter 6 gene was supported by Bac
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Chapter 6 treated group of shrimps.
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Chapter 6 the gene was found to be
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Chapter 6 found to support minimum
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Chapter 6 is induced upon bacterial
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Chapter 6 all the target genes, exc
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Chapter 6 Detailed tissue-wise anal
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Chapter 6 Gills and intestine was f
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(A) (B) Fig. 6.1. Experimental diet
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(A) (B) (C) Fig. 6.3. Expression pr
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(A) (B) (C) C B M BM C B M BM Fig.
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(A) (B) (C) Fig. 6.7. Expression pr
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(A) (B) (C) Chapter 6 Fig. 6.9. Exp
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(A) (B) -VE CTRL +VE CTRL B M BM Ch
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(A) (C) (D) PRE-CHALLENGE POST-CHAL
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(A) (B) G M HP HR I Chapter 6 Fig.
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Chapter 6 Fig. 6.27. Post challenge
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7.1. Summary Chapter 7 Tropical shr
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Salient findings Chapter 7 � From
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Chapter 7 � Tissue-wise expressio
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Chapter 7 application in shrimp cul
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References Aboudy, Y., Mendelson, E
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References Anggraeni, M.S., Owens,
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References Bals, R., Wang, X., Zasl
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References derived from the N-termi
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References Breukink, E., de Kruijff
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References Burgents, J.E., Burnett,
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References 1,3-β-D-glucan-binding
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References Chen, J.Y., Chuang, H.,
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References Cole, A.M., Hong, T., Bo
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References Dathe, M., Wieprecht, T.
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References Diamond, G., Zasloff, M.
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References Faber, C., Stallmann, H.
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References Flint, S.J., Enquist, L.
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References Gennaro, R., Zanetti, M.
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References Gudmundsson, G.H., Lidho
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References Harwig, S.S., Swiderek,
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References Hirakura, Y., Kobayashi,
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References Huang, C.C., Song, Y.L.
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References Itami, T., Takahashi, Y.
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References Jiravanichpaisal, P. Whi
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References Kang, J.H., Shin, S.Y.,
Page 461 and 462: References Kono, T., Savan, R., Sak
Page 463 and 464: References rich peptide derived fro
Page 465 and 466: References Li, L., Wang, J.X., Zhao
Page 467 and 468: References Liu, C.H., Cheng, W., Ku
Page 469 and 470: References Lorenzon, S., de Guarrin
Page 471 and 472: References Marone, M., Mozzetti, S.
Page 473 and 474: References Medvinsky, A., Dzierzak,
Page 475 and 476: References Moriarty, D.J.W. 1996. M
Page 477 and 478: References antimicrobial peptide fr
Page 479 and 480: References Otta, S.K., Karunasagar,
Page 481 and 482: References simplex virus has heptad
Page 483 and 484: References infected shrimp. Thesis
Page 485 and 486: References Litopenaeus vannamei cha
Page 487 and 488: References Roth, B.L., Poot, M., Yu
Page 489 and 490: References Sathish, S., Musthaq, S.
Page 491 and 492: References a proline-arginine-rich
Page 493 and 494: References Smith, V.J., Fernandes,
Page 495 and 496: References Song, Y.L., Cheng, W., W
Page 497 and 498: References experimental system. In:
Page 499 and 500: References the black tiger shrimp P
Page 501 and 502: References Tapay, L.M., Cesar, E.,
Page 503 and 504: References Touhy, K.M., Probert, H.
Page 505 and 506: References van Hulten, M.C., Reijns
Page 507 and 508: References Vives, R.R., Imberty, A.
Page 509 and 510: References Wang, Y.C., Chang, P.S.,
Page 511: References Williams, M.J., Rodrigue
Page 515 and 516: References Yodmuang, S., Tirasophon
Page 517 and 518: References Zhan, W.B., Wang, Y.H. 1
Page 519 and 520: Penaeus monodon anti-lipopolysaccha
Page 521 and 522: Penaeus monodon crustin-like antimi
Page 523 and 524: Penaeus monodon crustin-like antimi
Page 525 and 526: Penaeus monodon penaeidin-like anti
Page 527 and 528: Penaeus monodon elongation factor m
Page 529 and 530: Fenneropenaeus indicus anti-lipopol
Page 531 and 532: Fenneropenaeus indicus penaeidin-li
Page 533 and 534: Fenneropenaeus indicus beta-actin m
Page 535 and 536: PUBLICATIONS
Page 537 and 538: Short sequence report Molecular cha
Page 539 and 540: Fig. 2. Multiple alignment of nucle
Page 541 and 542: 220 The phylogenetic relationships
Page 543 and 544: Table 1 Rearing conditions and wate
Page 545 and 546: 5 ′ cttgtggttgacaatggctccg3
Page 547 and 548: Expression of WSSV genes in the hae
Page 549 and 550: Fig. 4. Expression profile of crust
Page 551 and 552: S.P. Antony et al. / Immunobiology
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