Forest Road Engineering Guidebook - Ministry of Forests

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Forest Road Engineering Guidebook vi Cross-drain culvert location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Cross-drain culvert installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Backfilling and compaction around pipe culverts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Log culvert design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Log culvert construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Ford design and construction on non-fish streams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Suggestions for further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 5. Road and Structure Inspection and Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Assigning road inspection priorities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Road inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Bridge and major culvert inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Road prism maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Subgrade maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Clearing width maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Ditch and culvert maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Road surface maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Structure maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Inspection and repair of temporary and semi-permanently deactivated roads. . . . . . . . 131 Suggestions for further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 6. Road Deactivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Objectives of deactivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Deactivation levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Water management techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Road fill pullback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Typical applications of deactivation techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Methodology to develop deactivation prescriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Involvement of professionals in road deactivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Revegetation requirements for deactivated roads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Deactivation hazard warning signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Post-deactivation inspections and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Acceptance of permanent deactivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Suggestions for further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Appendices Forest Road Engineering Guidebook 1. Field identification of soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 2. Vertical (parabolic) curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 3. Plotting data: plan and profile information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 4. Statement of construction conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 5. Tables to establish clearing width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 6. Sample road inspection and maintenance report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 7. Sample road deactivation inspection report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 8. Example field data form for deactivation field assessments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 9. Example road deactivation prescription content requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 10. Landslide risk analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Figures 1. Typical benchmarks and reference.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2. Typical roadway on moderate slopes with no additional clearing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3. Example of material volume variation with time for various stages of road construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4. Sample of general arrangement and layout (simple creek crossing). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 5. Sample of general arrangement and layout (complex creek crossing). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 6. High water width cross-sectional area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 7. Typical roadway on gentle slopes with no additional clearing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 8. Typical permanent roadway on moderate slopes (best practice). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 9. Permanent road in low likelihood of landslide terrain (acceptable practice). . . . . . . . . . 65 10. Typical 5-year road showing debris placement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11. Slash and debris disposal by piling and burning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 12. Slash and debris disposal by burying.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 13. Slash and debris disposal by trenching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 14. Slash and debris disposal by scattering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 15. Overlanding cross-section with corduroy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 16. Overlanding cross-section with inverted stumps.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 17. Typical snow road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 18. One-season winter road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 19. Simple log culvert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 20. Fill containment for log culvert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 21. Plan and profile of a ford crossing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 22. Cross-ditch installation across an intact road.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 23. Cross-ditch installation across full road pullback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 vii
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Endhauling road fill pullback Endha
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Office review tion prescription and
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• vehicle usage (4-wheel drive, A
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Care should be taken in verifying i
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Field observations (prescription in
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Appendix 1. Field identification of
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Soil consistency Soil density The c
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Appendix 2. Vertical (parabolic) cu
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Design speed (km/h) Design speed (k
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Table A2.4. Vertical curve elements
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• PWL and HWL, where applicable
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Appendix 5. Tables to establish cle
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1. To compensate for a cut at the c
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Appendix 8. Example field data form
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Appendix 10. Landslide risk analysi
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• the type of materials involved
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Table A10.2. Example of a qualitati
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Table A10.7. Example of consequence
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Forest Road Engineering Guidebook - Ministry of Forests

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