PhD Thesis - Cranfield University

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Chapter 8 Results: Figure 8.23 presents the simulated output of the power converter in State 101 within a 500µs time window. In Figure 8.24, the same parameters are shown in oscilloscope screen capture taken during the hardware testing stage. The PMS and PES responding to change in ultracapacitor input voltage is shown in Figure 8.25 as an increase in ultracapacitor side inductor current. Note that the duty cycle of T4 in Figure 8.25 increases to transfer more energy to the inductor in order to compensate for the drop in input voltage. Current (A) Boolean PWM signal (scaled) T2-PWM Ucap Inductor Current Load Current Batt Inductor Current T4-PWM Time (microsecond) Figure 8.23 Simulated PES parameters 229
Chapter 8 Current (A) Boolean PWM signal (scaled) Current (A) Boolean PWM signal (scaled) Ucap Inductor Current Battery Inductor Current T2 - PWM T4 - PWM Ucap Inductor Current Battery Inductor Current T2 - PWM T4 - PWM Load Current 230 Load Current Time (microsecond) Figure 8.24 Measured PES parameters Time (microsecond) Figure 8.25 Measured PES parameters showing an ultracapacitor current increase
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Power and Energy Management of Mult
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Acknowledgements This journey would
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Nomenclature Notation Description U
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Abbreviations Batt (batt) Battery D
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Contents 3.19 Ultracapacitor Power
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List of Figures List of Figures Fig
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List of Figures Figure 6.3 Power de
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Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1 more than a century since
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Chapter 1 EV Charge Depleting Energ
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Chapter 1 1745 Invention of the cap
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Chapter 1 generated, and split betw
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Chapter 1 In the past, many researc
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Chapter 1 1.7 Contributions This th
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Chapter 1 7. As the hybridisation o
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Chapter 1 1.9 Publications The foll
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVI
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Chapter 2 in the area or power and
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Chapter 2 Power Load Demand Time Po
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Chapter 2 previewed information abo
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Chapter 2 generally used. They are,
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Chapter 2 the large capacitive phen
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Chapter 2 manufacturer. Throughout
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Chapter 2 energy density attributes
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Chapter 2 experimentally verified a
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Chapter 2 Propulsion Load Batteries
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Chapter 2 system. They compared the
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Chapter 2 2.6 Ultracapacitor augmen
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Chapter 2 2.8 Observations and Hypo
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Chapter 2 Literature concerning veh
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Chapter 2 philosophical concepts fo
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Chapter 3 3.1 EV Battery Systems In
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Chapter 3 The equivalent circuit lo
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Chapter 3 merits, some of these tec
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Chapter 3 where 1Ah = 3600C. The Ah
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Chapter 3 same state of charge. As
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Chapter 3 The state of discharge (S
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Chapter 3 provided by the battery m
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.5 illustrates an
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Chapter 3 where Voc[SoC] and Ri[SoC
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Chapter 3 Power(Watt) 4000 3500 300
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Chapter 3 Batt Voltage (V) Charging
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Chapter 3 Voc Voc Ri Ri R chg R chg
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Chapter 3 Description [Unit] Parame
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Chapter 3 3.17 Ultracapacitors Ultr
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Chapter 3 voltage on charge and a d
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Chapter 3 As with the battery model
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Chapter 3 The energy capacity, E of
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Chapter 3 3.20 Ultracapacitors in s
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Chapter 3 Voltage (V) Time (s) 92 p
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Chapter 3 3.21 Hybridisation of Bat
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Chapter 3 83.50 50.00 Current (A) 0
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Chapter 3 In section 3.11, it was s
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Chapter 4 4.1 Vehicle Longitudinal
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Chapter 4 where sgn[vxT] is a the s
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Chapter 4 P Load dP Load /dt > 0 P
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Chapter 4 braking energy. Regenerat
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Chapter 4 Angular Velocity (rad/s)
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Chapter 4 electrical terminal power
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Chapter 4 112 Type 1 -Energy Sytem
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Chapter 4 Battery Power (W) Profile
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Chapter 4 Energy (J) CASE 2 Battery
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Chapter 4 Battery Power (W) Profile
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Chapter 4 Energy (J) CASE 3 Battery
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Chapter 4 Energy (J) Energy (J) DIS
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Chapter 4 occur more frequently bef
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Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 THE MANAGEMENT
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Chapter 5 Under the directives and
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Chapter 5 Hierarchy Mid-Level Low-L
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Chapter 5 While the breadth of the
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Chapter 5 The complete modular stru
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Chapter 5 conceive and implement. T
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Chapter 5 where, P req is the reque
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Chapter 5 Max Velocity Mode [Run,Id
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Chapter 5 decision epoch window (
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Chapter 5 P uc max Power 0 ∆PMS t
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Chapter 5 (W) (W) (W) Figure 5.11 L
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Chapter 5 An important difference w
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Chapter 5 IF x1 is Ai1 AND x2 is Ai
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Chapter 5 In this strategy, only P
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Chapter 5 to a fixed PMS policy. As
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Chapter 5 P DCBUS 000 dP/dt >0 P>0
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Chapter 5 For a PES with two refere
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Chapter 5 Thus the connection matri
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Chapter 5 5.12 Summary The foundati
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Chapter 6 6.1 The experimental vehi
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Chapter 6 Power (W) / Energy (Wh) P
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Chapter 6 System Voltage Measuremen
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Chapter 6 Velocity (km/h) 60 50 40
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Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7 IMPLEMENTATION
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Chapter 7 Battery C batt L batt T1
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Chapter 7 Parameter Notation Values
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Page 187 and 188: Chapter 7 Design and sizing of the
Page 189 and 190: Chapter 7 7.6 Battery Buck Mode - C
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 7 L batt = ( Vout )( 1 DT1
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 7 7.7 Ultracapacitor Boost
Page 195 and 196: Chapter 7 1 ⇒ ⋅ 0. 67 20kHz whi
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 7 L uc Vout DT 4 ( 1− DT
Page 199 and 200: Chapter 7 20 D T 3 min = = 0. 31 (7
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 7 A similar value for the i
Page 203 and 204: Chapter 7 the inductor current (20k
Page 205 and 206: Chapter 7 The maximum current that
Page 207 and 208: Chapter 7 According to Arnet and Ha
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 7 The second dimensioning f
Page 211 and 212: Chapter 7 + - 2200uF Figure 7.11 Sc
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Page 215 and 216: Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 EXPERIMENTS AND
Page 217 and 218: Chapter 8 Segment 1 Battery Current
Page 219 and 220: Chapter 8 Discussion: From the 600-
Page 221 and 222: Chapter 8 Results: Figure 8.5 shows
Page 223 and 224: Chapter 8 Discussion: The top graph
Page 225 and 226: Chapter 8 8.3. Experiment 3: Power
Page 227 and 228: Chapter 8 Test Segment 1 Power (W)
Page 229 and 230: Chapter 8 Test Segment 3 Power (W)
Page 231 and 232: Chapter 8 Discussion: Results of th
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Page 239 and 240: Chapter 9 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSIONS AND
Page 241 and 242: Chapter 9 The M-PEMS framework does
Page 243 and 244: Chapter 9 between sources. Doing so
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Page 247 and 248: References [15] R. H. Staunton, C.
Page 249 and 250: References [43] B. E. Conway, Elect
Page 251 and 252: References [73] A. Drolia, P. Jose,
Page 253 and 254: References [101] E. Surewaard, E. K
Page 255 and 256: Appendices Appendix A: Schematics A
Page 257 and 258: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID TB1 Fuse Fuse Fu
Page 259 and 260: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A Bus Bars φ = φ =
Page 261 and 262: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID A B D B C D E F
Page 263 and 264: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID L batt L UC K1 B
Page 265 and 266: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID START STOP START
Page 267 and 268: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID B C D E F G H I
Page 269 and 270: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID START STOP START
Page 271 and 272: Minimum Duty Cycle Maximum Duty Cyc
Page 273 and 274: Type Test- 03 Type testing of the g
Page 275 and 276: Power, interfacing and sub control
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PhD Thesis - Cranfield University

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