PhD Thesis - Cranfield University

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A START STOP START STOP ID Ib=0 Iuc=+ve Ib=+ve Iuc=+ve Ib=0 Iuc=+ve Ib=+ve Iuc=+ve 001 101 001 101 B C D E F G H I J K PhD Project LCR BR=1 Ib=0 Iuc=0 000 100 Ib=+ve Iuc=0 BR=1 Ib=0 Iuc=0 000 100 Ib=+ve Iuc=0 BR BR 011 011 Ib=-ve Iuc=-ve 010 Ib=0 Iuc=-ve 110 Ib=-ve Iuc=-ve Ib=+ve Iuc=-ve 010 Ib=0 Iuc=-ve 110 Ib=+ve Iuc=-ve Substate 0 Substate 1 Substate 0 Substate 1 STATE 001 & STATE 010 Rev. Note: NIL File C:\PhDProject\Dwg\ELE-013_Rev0 REV -0 Drawn CHK APV CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY LCR 02-05-2006 Drawing No: ELE-013 Sheet 1/1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID START STOP START STOP Ib=0 Iuc=+ve Ib=+ve Iuc=+ve Ib=0 Iuc=+ve Ib=+ve Iuc=+ve B C D E F G H I J K 001 101 001 101 PhD Project LCR BR=1 Ib=0 Iuc=0 000 100 Ib=+ve Iuc=0 BR=1 Ib=0 Iuc=0 000 100 Ib=+ve Iuc=0 BR BR 011 Ib=-ve Iuc=-ve 011 Ib=-ve Iuc=-ve 010 Ib=0 Iuc=-ve 110 Ib=+ve Iuc=-ve 010 Ib=0 Iuc=-ve 110 Ib=+ve Iuc=-ve Substate 0 Substate 1 Substate 0 STATE 001 & STATE BR BR Rev. Note: NIL File C:\PhDProject\Dwg\ELE-014_Rev0 REV -0 Drawn CHK APV CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY LCR 02-05-2006 Drawing No: ELE-014 Sheet 1/1
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Power and Energy Management of Mult
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Acknowledgements This journey would
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Nomenclature Notation Description U
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Abbreviations Batt (batt) Battery D
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Contents 3.19 Ultracapacitor Power
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List of Figures List of Figures Fig
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List of Figures Figure 6.3 Power de
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Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1 more than a century since
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Chapter 1 EV Charge Depleting Energ
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Chapter 1 1745 Invention of the cap
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Chapter 1 generated, and split betw
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Chapter 1 In the past, many researc
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Chapter 1 1.7 Contributions This th
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Chapter 1 7. As the hybridisation o
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Chapter 1 1.9 Publications The foll
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVI
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Chapter 2 in the area or power and
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Chapter 2 Power Load Demand Time Po
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Chapter 2 previewed information abo
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Chapter 2 generally used. They are,
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Chapter 2 the large capacitive phen
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Chapter 2 manufacturer. Throughout
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Chapter 2 energy density attributes
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Chapter 2 experimentally verified a
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Chapter 2 Propulsion Load Batteries
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Chapter 2 system. They compared the
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Chapter 2 2.6 Ultracapacitor augmen
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Chapter 2 2.8 Observations and Hypo
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Chapter 2 Literature concerning veh
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Chapter 2 philosophical concepts fo
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Chapter 3 3.1 EV Battery Systems In
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Chapter 3 The equivalent circuit lo
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Chapter 3 merits, some of these tec
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Chapter 3 where 1Ah = 3600C. The Ah
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Chapter 3 same state of charge. As
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Chapter 3 The state of discharge (S
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Chapter 3 provided by the battery m
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.5 illustrates an
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Chapter 3 where Voc[SoC] and Ri[SoC
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Chapter 3 Power(Watt) 4000 3500 300
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Chapter 3 Batt Voltage (V) Charging
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Chapter 3 Voc Voc Ri Ri R chg R chg
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Chapter 3 Description [Unit] Parame
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Chapter 3 3.17 Ultracapacitors Ultr
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Chapter 3 voltage on charge and a d
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Chapter 3 As with the battery model
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Chapter 3 The energy capacity, E of
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Chapter 3 3.20 Ultracapacitors in s
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Chapter 3 Voltage (V) Time (s) 92 p
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Chapter 3 3.21 Hybridisation of Bat
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Chapter 3 83.50 50.00 Current (A) 0
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Chapter 3 In section 3.11, it was s
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Chapter 4 4.1 Vehicle Longitudinal
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Chapter 4 where sgn[vxT] is a the s
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Chapter 4 P Load dP Load /dt > 0 P
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Chapter 4 braking energy. Regenerat
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Chapter 4 Angular Velocity (rad/s)
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Chapter 4 electrical terminal power
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Chapter 4 112 Type 1 -Energy Sytem
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Chapter 4 Battery Power (W) Profile
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Chapter 4 Energy (J) CASE 2 Battery
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Chapter 4 Battery Power (W) Profile
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Chapter 4 Energy (J) CASE 3 Battery
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Chapter 4 Energy (J) Energy (J) DIS
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Chapter 4 occur more frequently bef
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Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 THE MANAGEMENT
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Chapter 5 Under the directives and
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Chapter 5 Hierarchy Mid-Level Low-L
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Chapter 5 While the breadth of the
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Chapter 5 The complete modular stru
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Chapter 5 conceive and implement. T
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Chapter 5 where, P req is the reque
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Chapter 5 Max Velocity Mode [Run,Id
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Chapter 5 decision epoch window (
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Chapter 5 P uc max Power 0 ∆PMS t
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Chapter 5 (W) (W) (W) Figure 5.11 L
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Chapter 5 An important difference w
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Chapter 5 IF x1 is Ai1 AND x2 is Ai
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Chapter 5 In this strategy, only P
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Chapter 5 to a fixed PMS policy. As
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Chapter 5 P DCBUS 000 dP/dt >0 P>0
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Chapter 5 For a PES with two refere
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Chapter 5 Thus the connection matri
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Chapter 5 5.12 Summary The foundati
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Chapter 6 6.1 The experimental vehi
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Chapter 6 Power (W) / Energy (Wh) P
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Chapter 6 System Voltage Measuremen
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Chapter 6 Velocity (km/h) 60 50 40
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Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7 IMPLEMENTATION
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Chapter 7 Battery C batt L batt T1
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Chapter 7 Parameter Notation Values
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Chapter 7 During the conduction per
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Chapter 7 Design and sizing of the
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Chapter 7 7.6 Battery Buck Mode - C
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Chapter 7 L batt = ( Vout )( 1 DT1
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Chapter 7 7.7 Ultracapacitor Boost
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Chapter 7 1 ⇒ ⋅ 0. 67 20kHz whi
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Chapter 7 L uc Vout DT 4 ( 1− DT
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Chapter 7 20 D T 3 min = = 0. 31 (7
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Chapter 7 A similar value for the i
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Chapter 7 the inductor current (20k
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Chapter 7 The maximum current that
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Chapter 7 According to Arnet and Ha
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Chapter 7 The second dimensioning f
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Chapter 7 + - 2200uF Figure 7.11 Sc
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Chapter 7 During the MOSFET diode c
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 EXPERIMENTS AND
Page 217 and 218: Chapter 8 Segment 1 Battery Current
Page 219 and 220: Chapter 8 Discussion: From the 600-
Page 221 and 222: Chapter 8 Results: Figure 8.5 shows
Page 223 and 224: Chapter 8 Discussion: The top graph
Page 225 and 226: Chapter 8 8.3. Experiment 3: Power
Page 227 and 228: Chapter 8 Test Segment 1 Power (W)
Page 229 and 230: Chapter 8 Test Segment 3 Power (W)
Page 231 and 232: Chapter 8 Discussion: Results of th
Page 233 and 234: Chapter 8 Battery Voltage (V) Batte
Page 235 and 236: Chapter 8 8.4. PES Type Test Purpos
Page 237 and 238: Chapter 8 Current (A) Boolean PWM s
Page 239 and 240: Chapter 9 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSIONS AND
Page 241 and 242: Chapter 9 The M-PEMS framework does
Page 243 and 244: Chapter 9 between sources. Doing so
Page 245 and 246: Chapter 9 to be included in measuri
Page 247 and 248: References [15] R. H. Staunton, C.
Page 249 and 250: References [43] B. E. Conway, Elect
Page 251 and 252: References [73] A. Drolia, P. Jose,
Page 253 and 254: References [101] E. Surewaard, E. K
Page 255 and 256: Appendices Appendix A: Schematics A
Page 257 and 258: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID TB1 Fuse Fuse Fu
Page 259 and 260: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A Bus Bars φ = φ =
Page 261 and 262: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID A B D B C D E F
Page 263 and 264: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID L batt L UC K1 B
Page 265 and 266: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID START STOP START
Page 267: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID B C D E F G H I
Page 271 and 272: Minimum Duty Cycle Maximum Duty Cyc
Page 273 and 274: Type Test- 03 Type testing of the g
Page 275 and 276: Power, interfacing and sub control
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PhD Thesis - Cranfield University

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