PhD Thesis - Cranfield University

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A Enable Key switch ID B C D E F G H I J K 4 core GRN Upper Limit to Pedal RED Lower 1K YEL Limit 4 core to Pedal PhD Project LCR RED BLU BLU BRN BLU BLK Spares RED BLU YEL WHT YEL BLK RED BLU GRN Spares 4core to 4QD 6 core to 4QD Marshalling board connection diagram 2.2nF 2.2nF 2.2nF 75K 820K 75K 820K 75K 820K fo= 1/(2π.75k . 2.2n) = 964Hz Rev. Note: NIL File C:\PhDProject\Dwg\ELE-007 REV -0 + + + RED BLU RED BLU RED BLU 1nF YEL WHT BLU GRN RED BLK CH2 Ultracap CH1 Batt CH0 DC Bus Drawn CHK APV 12V Incoming CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY LCR 12V to CFP 6core to CFP Slot 01 02-05-2006 Drawing No: ELE-007 Sheet 1/1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID L batt L UC K1 B C D E F G H I J K Pre Charge Bypass Relay K2 Schematic Layout Pre Charge Resistor 24R 50W C2 PhD Project LCR UC -Ve Ultracap Engage Relay C1 DC Bus Fuse F1 Batt - Ve 4QD -Ve Batt +Ve 4QD +Ve UC +Ve General Layout Battery Battery L batt Power Electronics L UC K1 K2 C1 C2 Rev. Note: NIL As Built Layout Ultracaps F1 File C:\PhDProject\Dwg\ELE-008_Rev0 REV -0 LEM LEM F2 S h u n t Control System Drawn CHK APV Battery Battery CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY LCR LEM 4QD 02-05-2006 Drawing No: ELE-008 Sheet 1/1
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Power and Energy Management of Mult
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Acknowledgements This journey would
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Nomenclature Notation Description U
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Abbreviations Batt (batt) Battery D
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Contents 3.19 Ultracapacitor Power
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List of Figures List of Figures Fig
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List of Figures Figure 6.3 Power de
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Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1 more than a century since
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Chapter 1 EV Charge Depleting Energ
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Chapter 1 1745 Invention of the cap
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Chapter 1 generated, and split betw
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Chapter 1 In the past, many researc
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Chapter 1 1.7 Contributions This th
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Chapter 1 7. As the hybridisation o
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Chapter 1 1.9 Publications The foll
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVI
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Chapter 2 in the area or power and
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Chapter 2 Power Load Demand Time Po
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Chapter 2 previewed information abo
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Chapter 2 generally used. They are,
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Chapter 2 the large capacitive phen
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Chapter 2 manufacturer. Throughout
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Chapter 2 energy density attributes
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Chapter 2 experimentally verified a
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Chapter 2 Propulsion Load Batteries
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Chapter 2 system. They compared the
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Chapter 2 2.6 Ultracapacitor augmen
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Chapter 2 2.8 Observations and Hypo
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Chapter 2 Literature concerning veh
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Chapter 2 philosophical concepts fo
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Chapter 3 3.1 EV Battery Systems In
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Chapter 3 The equivalent circuit lo
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Chapter 3 merits, some of these tec
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Chapter 3 where 1Ah = 3600C. The Ah
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Chapter 3 same state of charge. As
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Chapter 3 The state of discharge (S
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Chapter 3 provided by the battery m
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Chapter 3 Figure 3.5 illustrates an
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Chapter 3 where Voc[SoC] and Ri[SoC
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Chapter 3 Power(Watt) 4000 3500 300
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Chapter 3 Batt Voltage (V) Charging
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Chapter 3 Voc Voc Ri Ri R chg R chg
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Chapter 3 Description [Unit] Parame
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Chapter 3 3.17 Ultracapacitors Ultr
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Chapter 3 voltage on charge and a d
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Chapter 3 As with the battery model
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Chapter 3 The energy capacity, E of
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Chapter 3 3.20 Ultracapacitors in s
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Chapter 3 Voltage (V) Time (s) 92 p
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Chapter 3 3.21 Hybridisation of Bat
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Chapter 3 83.50 50.00 Current (A) 0
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Chapter 3 In section 3.11, it was s
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Chapter 4 4.1 Vehicle Longitudinal
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Chapter 4 where sgn[vxT] is a the s
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Chapter 4 P Load dP Load /dt > 0 P
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Chapter 4 braking energy. Regenerat
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Chapter 4 Angular Velocity (rad/s)
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Chapter 4 electrical terminal power
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Chapter 4 112 Type 1 -Energy Sytem
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Chapter 4 Battery Power (W) Profile
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Chapter 4 Energy (J) CASE 2 Battery
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Chapter 4 Battery Power (W) Profile
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Chapter 4 Energy (J) CASE 3 Battery
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Chapter 4 Energy (J) Energy (J) DIS
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Chapter 4 occur more frequently bef
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Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 THE MANAGEMENT
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Chapter 5 Under the directives and
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Chapter 5 Hierarchy Mid-Level Low-L
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Chapter 5 While the breadth of the
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Chapter 5 The complete modular stru
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Chapter 5 conceive and implement. T
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Chapter 5 where, P req is the reque
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Chapter 5 Max Velocity Mode [Run,Id
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Chapter 5 decision epoch window (
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Chapter 5 P uc max Power 0 ∆PMS t
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Chapter 5 (W) (W) (W) Figure 5.11 L
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Chapter 5 An important difference w
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Chapter 5 IF x1 is Ai1 AND x2 is Ai
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Chapter 5 In this strategy, only P
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Chapter 5 to a fixed PMS policy. As
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Chapter 5 P DCBUS 000 dP/dt >0 P>0
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Chapter 5 For a PES with two refere
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Chapter 5 Thus the connection matri
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Chapter 5 5.12 Summary The foundati
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Chapter 6 6.1 The experimental vehi
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Chapter 6 Power (W) / Energy (Wh) P
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Chapter 6 System Voltage Measuremen
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Chapter 6 Velocity (km/h) 60 50 40
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Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7 IMPLEMENTATION
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Chapter 7 Battery C batt L batt T1
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Chapter 7 Parameter Notation Values
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Chapter 7 During the conduction per
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Chapter 7 Design and sizing of the
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Chapter 7 7.6 Battery Buck Mode - C
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Chapter 7 L batt = ( Vout )( 1 DT1
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Chapter 7 7.7 Ultracapacitor Boost
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Chapter 7 1 ⇒ ⋅ 0. 67 20kHz whi
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Chapter 7 L uc Vout DT 4 ( 1− DT
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Chapter 7 20 D T 3 min = = 0. 31 (7
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Chapter 7 A similar value for the i
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Chapter 7 the inductor current (20k
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Chapter 7 The maximum current that
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Chapter 7 According to Arnet and Ha
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Chapter 7 The second dimensioning f
Page 211 and 212: Chapter 7 + - 2200uF Figure 7.11 Sc
Page 213 and 214: Chapter 7 During the MOSFET diode c
Page 215 and 216: Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 EXPERIMENTS AND
Page 217 and 218: Chapter 8 Segment 1 Battery Current
Page 219 and 220: Chapter 8 Discussion: From the 600-
Page 221 and 222: Chapter 8 Results: Figure 8.5 shows
Page 223 and 224: Chapter 8 Discussion: The top graph
Page 225 and 226: Chapter 8 8.3. Experiment 3: Power
Page 227 and 228: Chapter 8 Test Segment 1 Power (W)
Page 229 and 230: Chapter 8 Test Segment 3 Power (W)
Page 231 and 232: Chapter 8 Discussion: Results of th
Page 233 and 234: Chapter 8 Battery Voltage (V) Batte
Page 235 and 236: Chapter 8 8.4. PES Type Test Purpos
Page 237 and 238: Chapter 8 Current (A) Boolean PWM s
Page 239 and 240: Chapter 9 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSIONS AND
Page 241 and 242: Chapter 9 The M-PEMS framework does
Page 243 and 244: Chapter 9 between sources. Doing so
Page 245 and 246: Chapter 9 to be included in measuri
Page 247 and 248: References [15] R. H. Staunton, C.
Page 249 and 250: References [43] B. E. Conway, Elect
Page 251 and 252: References [73] A. Drolia, P. Jose,
Page 253 and 254: References [101] E. Surewaard, E. K
Page 255 and 256: Appendices Appendix A: Schematics A
Page 257 and 258: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID TB1 Fuse Fuse Fu
Page 259 and 260: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A Bus Bars φ = φ =
Page 261: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID A B D B C D E F
Page 265 and 266: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID START STOP START
Page 267 and 268: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID B C D E F G H I
Page 269 and 270: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A ID START STOP START
Page 271 and 272: Minimum Duty Cycle Maximum Duty Cyc
Page 273 and 274: Type Test- 03 Type testing of the g
Page 275 and 276: Power, interfacing and sub control
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PhD Thesis - Cranfield University

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