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Optimization and Computational Fluid Dynamics - Department of ...

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2 A Few Illustrative Examples <strong>of</strong> CFD-based <strong>Optimization</strong> 53<br />

u +<br />

u +<br />

25<br />

20<br />

15<br />

10<br />

25<br />

20<br />

5<br />

15<br />

10<br />

0<br />

1 10<br />

5<br />

0<br />

0<br />

y +<br />

y +<br />

DNS<br />

Modified model<br />

Wilcox (1998)<br />

100 1000<br />

DNS<br />

Modified model<br />

Wilcox (1998)<br />

200 400 600 800 1000<br />

Fig. 2.23 Velocity pr<strong>of</strong>iles in a semi-logarithmic plot (top) <strong>and</strong> in a st<strong>and</strong>ard plot (bottom)<br />

to practical applications. The characteristic Pareto front associated with this<br />

problem has been obtained within a very reasonable computational time. The<br />

heat exchanger model problem is based on a description <strong>of</strong> the tube positions

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