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[ 226 ] The Future The second important factor is the recognition that the hegemony of the United States and the (former) USSR is weakening. The future will be "a far more complicated environment than the familiar bipolar competition with the Soviet Union," the report warns. It also predicts that in the twenty-first century over 40 countries will be able to build their own advanced weapons, including chemical, biological, atomic, and missile delivery systems. Along with this threat the United States will face u a broader range of challenges in the Third World" that will require highly mobile forces and a downgrading of the European theater. Since the Cold War with the Soviets has ended, it is not surprising that the "wise men" who wrote the report advocate terming LICs a form of "protracted war." When possible, these threats should be met with U.S.-financed, -trained, and -armed proxy forces, supported from afar with long-range precision-guided weapons. Finally, the third rationale behind this worldwide version of Vietnamization is the claim that "a microelectronic revolution" makes conventional weapons as effective as nuclear weapons in many cases: The much greater precision, range and destructiveness of weapons could extend war across a much wider geographic area, make war much more rapid and intense, and require <strong>entire</strong>ly new modes of operation, (from the report Discriminate Deterrence, quoted in Weiner, 1987, p. Al) Basically, the report is a call for the relegitimation of warfare. LICs are to be rehabilitated as "protracted war" and fought with high-tech computer weapons. Even limited nuclear war is to be considered a viable option, officially only in Europe, but obviously with any of the potential 40 or so middle-ranking powers as well. There must be wars, the report seems to say in many different ways, and computers will allow us to have them without destroying the world or domestic support for empire. Info/cyber/netwars are just the latest flourish of this year's revolution in military affairs. Just how far this thinking can go is shown by the Pentagon's planning for World War IV. Starting in 1981, shortly after Ronald Reagan took office, the DoD began planning on how to fight and win a six-month global war and still be ready to fight another one, mainly by using computers: Long after the White House and Pentagon are reduced to rubble and much of civilization is destroyed, the strategy calls for computers to run a war no human mind could control, orchestrating space satellites and nuclear weapons over a global battlefield. (Weiner, 1990) The plans for World War IV depend on a number of systems: Milstar satellites, command tractor trailers, a nationwide network of 500 radio stations, and a working army of robots "that can gallop like horses and walk
Future War: U.S. Military Plans for the Millennium [ 227 ] like men, carrying out computerized orders as they roam the radioactive battlefront." These robots will take orders but, in DARPAs words, they will "not generate discourse." Almost all of this World War (III and IV) planning is top secret, hidden away in secret budgets. But what can't be hidden is the incredible commitment to war that such plans demonstrate. Even after a nuclear holocaust, in the face of almost all scientific and humanistic thinking, most military professionals think that there still must be war—but not all of them do. Some are beginning to think that there must be an end to war, as we shall see in the next chapter.
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POSTMODERN WAR
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POSTMODERN WAR THE NEW POLITICS OF
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To Carl Harp, cofounder of Men Agai
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[ vijj ] Preface them. I was fortun
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION From Sarejevo
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Introduction: From Sarajevo to Sara
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Introduction [ 3 ] • Within the n
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Introduction [ 5 ] Theirs is a hybr
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Introduction [ 7 ] fighter-bombers
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Introduction [ 9 ] written, "She wh
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Part One The Present
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Only a test: Israeli students wear
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The normalization of unspeakable ho
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Real Cyberwar Chapter One Resistanc
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Real Cyberwar [ 21 ] Just what is h
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Real Cyberwar [ 23 ] (1971, p. 244)
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Real Cyberwar [ 25 ] the computer a
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Real Cyberwar [ 27 ] Benjamin Barbe
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Real Cyberwar [ 29 ] Space systems
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Real Cyberwar [ 31 ] were sent to t
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Real Cyberwar [ 33 ] there has been
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Real Cyberwar [ 35 ] Command, was s
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Computers at War: Kuwait 1991 [ 37
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Iitary Computerdom Chapter Three Ou
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Military Computerdom [ 53 ] Germany
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Military Computerdom [ 55 ] remarka
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Military Computerdom [ 57 ] access
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Military Computerdom [ 59 ] Intelli
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Military Computerdom [ 61 ] will be
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Military Computerdom [ 63 ] and urg
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Military Computerdom [ 65 ] was no
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Military Computerdom [ 67 ] was ser
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Military Computerdom [ 69 ] The rea
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Definitions of Artificial Intellige
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The Uses of Science [ 73 ] In the m
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The Uses of Science [ 75 ] advocate
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The Uses of Science [ 77 ] abolishe
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The Uses of Science [ 79 ] nections
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The Uses of Science [ 81 ] Science
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Part Two The Past
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TOKYO CITY DAMAGE ASSESSMENT REPORT
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• •-•• jr w~ 4• F.I : w-
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The human face of war. Modern and p
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War meets nature. This is the culmi
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[ 94 ] The Past ancient and modern
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[ 96 ] The Past (Scarry, 1985). Wea
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[ 98 ] The Past Power, Knowledge, a
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[ 100 ] The Past The Gendering of W
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[ 102 ] The Past institutions that
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[ 104 ] The Past "sexo-semiotics" o
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[ 106 ] The Past • War because hu
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[ 108 ] The Past heroes, they have
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[ 110 ] The Past Parker's book conc
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[ 112 ] The Past aimed at the compl
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[ 114 ] The Past Still, individuals
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[116] The Past of the country, but
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[ 118 ] The Past fired together, an
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[ 120 ] The Past security, the mili
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[ 122 ] The Past tion of nature bec
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[ 124 ] The Past have suffered. Per
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[ 126 ] The Past their slippers pla
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Chapter Seven The Emergence of Post
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[ 130 ] The Past necessary to trace
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[ 132 ] The Past But the appeal of
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[ 134 ] The Past an exorbitant rate
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[ 136 ] The Past By the language th
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[ 138 ] The Past large public relat
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[ 140 ] The Past crisis management.
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[ 142 ] The Past Force, authorized
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[ 144 ] The Past subjects—they al
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[ 146 ] The Past close. After much
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[ 148 ] The Past Newsletter. These
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Chapter Eight Postmodern Wars Imagi
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[ 152 ] The Past Detailed histories
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[ 154 ] The Past relations, not "se
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[ 156 ] The Past when the cost seem
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[ 158 ] The Past United States (and
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[ 160 ] The Past and the United Sta
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[ 162 ] The Past presents Technowar
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[ 164 ] The Past the role of human
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[ 166 ] The Past The story of the s
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The Systems of Postmodern War Chapt
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[ 170 ] The Past only be won politi
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[ 172 ] The Past speed of death ...
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[ 174 ] The Past the temporal, geog
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Page 198 and 199: [ 184 ] The Past DIVAD (Division Ai
Page 201 and 202: 00 j t MILITARY APPLICATIONS STRATE
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Page 205 and 206: Military Review The Professional Jo
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Page 224 and 225: [ 210 ] The Future That there will
Page 226 and 227: Chapter Eleven Future War: U.S. Mil
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Page 232 and 233: [ 218 ] The Future Other proposals
Page 234 and 235: [ 220 ] The Future So nervous is th
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Page 242 and 243: Chapter Twelve Future Peace: The Re
Page 244 and 245: [ 230 ] The Future general evasion
Page 246 and 247: [ 232 ] The Future There have alway
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Page 276 and 277: Notes Introduction 1. The use of ma
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Page 280 and 281: [ 266 ] Notes to Chapter Three 2. F
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Page 286 and 287: [ 272 ] Notes to Chapter Eleven The
Page 288 and 289: Glossary AAAI American Association
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[ 276 ] Glossary JSTARS Joint Surve
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References The Past is Prologue.
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[ 280 ] References Bergen, John. (1
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[ 282 ] References Clausewitz, Gen.
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[ 284 ] References to Debates of th
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[ 286 ] References Fraser, Cmdr. Po
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[ 288 ] References Grier, Peter. (1
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[ 290 ] References Hunt, James, and
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[ 292 ] References Means, in D. Bel
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[ 294 ] References Masterson, Rear
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[ 296 ] References Nelson, Keith, a
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[ 298 ] References Renique, Gerardo
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[ 300 ] References . (1985b). Army
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[ 302 ] References Waller, Douglas,
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[ 304 ] References Second Sessions,
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[ 306 ] Index Bosnia, 2, 60 NATO, 2
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[ 308 ] Index Genocide, as war's lo
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[ 310 ] Index Mueller, John, 238 Mu
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[ 312 ] Index Soldiers (continued)
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[ 314 ] Index War, postmodern (cont
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