The Anatomy of A Silent Crisis The Anatomy of A Silent Crisis

End notes
109
209. Greenpeace UK (2009) states that up to 75% of
Brazil’s emissions come solely from deforestation and
according to MDG Statistics (2009), in 2004 Brazil
emitted 1.22% of global carbon dioxide emissions.
Therefore, emissions from deforestation in Brazil
equal approximately .92% of total emissions.
210. Greenpeace UK (2009): “Deforestation and climate
change.” Greenpeace UK. http://www.greenpeace.
org.uk/forests/climate-change.
211. Ramanatham, V. (2007): “Reduction of air pollution
and global warming by cooking with renewable
sources.” Project Surya, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography and Sri Ramachandra Medical College
and Research Institute. http://www-ramanathan.
ucsd.edu/Surya-WhitePaper.pdf and Rosenthal, E.
(2009): “Third-world stove soot is target in climate
fight.” The New York Times, April 15. http://www.
nytimes.com/2009/04/16/science/earth/16degrees.
html?_r=3&ref=world.
212. Ramanatham’s research on Black Carbon is
supported by Shindell and Faluvegi’s study published
in March, 2009 in Nature Geoscience.
213. Nelson, B. (2009): “Black carbon reductions could
reverse Arctic warming within weeks.” EcoWorldly,
April 9. http://ecoworldly.com/2009/04/09/blackcarbon-reductions-could-reverse-arctic-warmingwithin-weeks/.
214. Milliken, M. (2009): “Water scarcity clouds
California farming’s future.” Reuters, March 13.
http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/
idUSTRE52C07R20090313?sp=true.
215. Spotts, P. (2009): “California’s climate change
bill could top $100 billion.” The Christian Science
Monitor, March 11. http://features.csmonitor.com/
environment/2009/03/11/california%E2%80%99sclimate-change-bill-could-top-100-billion/.
216. Draper, R. (2009): “Australia’s dry run.” National
Geographic Magazine, April.
217. TWM. (2009): “ Drought Australia, 2003-09.” TWM.
http://twm.co.nz/ausdrght.htm.
218. Morrison, J. et al. (2009): “Water Scarcity & Climate
Change: Growing Risks for Businesses and
Investors.” Ceres and the Pacific Institute, p.6. http://
www.ceres.org/Document.Doc?id=406.
219. Mitchell, T. and van Aalst, M. (2008):
“Convergence of Disaster Risk Reduction and
Climate Change Adaptation.” DFID. http://
www.research4development.info/PDF/Articles/
Convergence_of_DRR_and_CCA.pdf.
220. Watkins, K. (2007): “Human Develop Report
2007/2008 Fighting climate change: Human solidarity
in a divided world.” United Nations Development
Programme. p191 speaks of US $8.4 billion in 2005.
221. UNEP. (2004): “Extreme Weather Losses Soar
to Record High for Insurance Industry.” UNEP,
December 15. http://www.unep.org/Documents.
Multilingual/Default.Print.asp?DocumentID=414&Articl
eID=4682&l=en.
222. Australian spending components include: US $2.8
billion Natural Heritage Trust, US $1.3 billion National
Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality, and US $9
billion National Plan for Water Security.
223. Oxfam. (2007): “Financing adaptation: Why the UN’s
Bali climate conference must mandate the search for
new fund.” Oxfam International, December 9, p.6.
224. Total funds currently available for Adaptation managed
by the Global Environmental Facility: Strategic Priority
on Adaptation (SPA) — (GEF Trust Fund: US $50
million); Least Developed Countries’ Fund (LDCF)
— (UNFCCC): US $172 million ; Special Climate
Change Fund (SCCF) — (UNFCCC): US $90.3 million ;
Adaptation Fund (Kyoto Protocol): US $80-300 million
between 2008 and 2012, current funding estimated
at US $91.3 million. South Centre. (2009): “Developed
country finance initiatives weaken the UNFCCC”.
http://www.southcentre.org/index.php?option=com_
docman&task=cat_view&gid=45&Itemid=68.
225. UNFCCC estimates 28 – US $67 billion in 2030; Oxfam
estimates US $50 billion; World Bank estimates US
$9-41 billion in developing countries today; Stern
estimates US $4-37 billion in developing countries