Stirring Up a Hornet's Nest: - UGA Laboratory of Archaeology ...

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Cowan’s Ferry Cowan’s Ferry was an important Savannah River crossing. Its former location lies submerged beneath the waters of Lake Strom Thurmond [Clark Hill] (Elliott 1995). This ferry was possibly fortified by the Patriots. Colonel Dooly was encamped on the South Carolina side of Cowan’s Ferry on February 16, 1779, where he wrote to Samuel Elbert informing him of the outcome of the Kettle Creek battle. Fort Dement Thomas Bankston stated in 1835 that in 1782 and 1783 he served in Wilkes County, Georgia under command of, “Captain Halms at fort Dement & served with him for three months against the frontier Indians who were very troublesome” (Footnote.com 2008 [Thomas Bankston R477]). Bankston’s statement is the only mention of Fort Dement encountered in the present research. Its location is not known. Fort James/Fort Dartmouth/Waters’ Fort Fort James was a British ranger fort located in the forks of the Savannah and Broad Rivers. This fort was established following the 1773 treaty and was garrisoned by a troop of rangers commanded by Captain Edward Barnard. That location, which was named Dartmouth by the British, was later the site of the town of Petersburg (Coulter 1965; Ivers 1974; R. Elliott 1988). Captain Thomas Waters commanded a company of Loyalist rangers from this post early in the American Revolution. It was probably the same as Water’s Fort, which is mentioned in several pension applications. The plan for this fort, as envisioned by Royal Governor Wright’s land commissioner stated, That a Fort be Errected at the Point of the fork of Savannah and the Rivers Dart, at Place already Marked out by his Excellency the Governor, The Fort to be 120 feet Square with a four Bastions made of Square Loggs, Two of them to be covered and 2 left open on the Top. The Curtains lines of Puntions, and officers House Kitchen Barracks, Gaol -- House and Magazine (Davidson 1933, Volume 1:5). Fort Independence Fort Independence was a small Patriot fort located on the Rocky River in present-day Anderson County, South Carolina (Bastian 1982). It was burned by Colonel Boyd’s militia in early February, 1779, a few days prior to the battle of Kettle Creek. The archeological site of Fort Independence was excavated in 1981 and its architectural plan was delineated. Log (Loggy) Fort In 1832 Private John Bynum identified a fort named “Log Fort,” which was located opposite the British Fort James (later becoming Petersburg). Other veterans identified this as “Loggy Fort” in their pension statements. This Log Fort was built by the militia company commanded by Captain Joseph Nail, Sr. It was probably located in the vicinity of the later settlement of Lisbon, which is in present-day Lincoln County (R. Elliott 1988). Davis (1983:162) describes an Indian attack on Captain Elijah Clarke and a wagon train near this fort in 1776 (Footnote.com 2008 [Charles Gent S1903; David H. Thurmond S32010]). Fort Marbury The Patriots also established forts on the upper Ogeechee River, one of which was known as Fort Marbury. This fort was also known as Fort Harris. The fort, likely named for Colonel Leonard Marbury, was garrisoned by militia and Georgia Continental troops. Colonel Marbury commanded a Cavalry troop in the American Revolution. 104
Barnard’s Ogeechee River Fort In 1773 the Georgia Royal Government authorized a British ranger fort to be established on the shoals of the Ogeechee River. Cashin (2000:59) noted that a fort was authorized under the terms of the 1773 Treaty of Augusta, which allowed for two hundred acres on a branch of the Ogeechee River for a square fort. It was to measure 100 feet and be garrisoned by an officer and 20 men. The name of this fort was not determined but its commander was Georgia Ranger Captain Edward Barnard. Royal Governor Wright’s land commissioner outlined a plan for this fort which stated, All Persons Paying Down 10 pounds pr. 100 acres by way of Deposit be allowed 3 months in Lieu of One month to Pay the Remainder after the Lands are Surveyed and Valued; this Concerns only Immediate Settlers. These (12 & 13) Chiefly Concern Edward Barnard Esquire, Captain of his Majesty's Troop of Rangers. 12th. That 200 Acres of Land be Reserved for the uses of the Publick on a High Hill at a Small Runn on the North Side of the North Fork & Branch of Ogeechee River, About One and a half Miles Above the falls on said North Branch of the River, whereon a Stockade Fort may be Errected for the Rendezvous of an officer and Twenty men to be sent there by the Desire and on the application of the Inhabitants in Wrightsborough and Those who have already taken up Lands about Ogeechee and Places Adjacent; who have agreed to errect or assist in Errecting the Said Fort and other Buildings for the Shelter of the Rangers. The fort to be 100 foot square (CRG). The precise location of Captain Barnard’s Ogeechee River British ranger fort has not been determined, nor whether it was actually constructed or garrisoned. From the preceding description it was probably located 1.5 miles above the fall line and on the northern branch of the Ogeechee, not too distant from Wrightsborough . This would be in present-day McDuffie County (Davis 1986). Alexander’s Fort Alexander’s Fort was another Patriot fort that was probably located in the Ogeechee River watershed. Micajah Brooks, Jr. stated in 1850 that Captain Samuel Alexander was stationed “on the head waters of the Ogeechee in Wilkes County” (Footnote.com 2008 [Micajah Brooks W27694]). Samuel Alexander was granted land on Williams Creek, a tributary of the Little River. That land was located near the Ogeechee River. Captain Samuel Alexander’s plantation on the Ogeechee River was later known as Alexandria (Crumpton 2003). Barber’s Fort Captain George Barber commanded a Wilkes County militia fort that was located on Long Creek. This fort is mentioned by Elijah Bankston in 1832. Bankston was stationed at Barber’s Fort in 1781 (Footnote.com 2008 [Elijah Bankston R478]). Captain Barber and his men fought at Kettle Creek. Fort Chatham Fort Chatham was built in Wilkes County as early as 1778. It is mentioned in the January 28, 1780 voucher of Thomas Johnston (Davis 1983:165-166). No other reference to Fort Chatham was located in the present research. Clarke’s Station Elijah Clarke’s farmstead served as a militia station during the war. In 1835, Private John Waddill testified that he had served under Colonel Elijah Clarke and was posted at Clarke’s Station in 1780. Waddill described Clarke’s Station, “on the South Side of Savannah River, on Pistol Creek…upwards of 50 miles above Augusta” (Footnote.com 2008 [John Waddill R10977]). Clarke’s Station, also known as Fort Clarke, was a relatively important Wilkes County fort. It should not be confused with Elijah Clarke’s subsequent fort built at Scull Shoals in Greene County, Georgia or Clarke’s post-war residence on the Savannah River. Clark Creek, a tributary of Long Creek, is located in northwestern Wilkes County west of Tignall, Georgia. This area today is mostly used as timber land, pasture and agricultural fields. Slaton (1996:5, 11) provided the approximate location of Clarke’s first homestead (and Clarke’s Fort). 105
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Stirring Up a Hornet’s Nest: The
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BTable of Contents Table of Content
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Figure 42. Composite Map Showing Ar
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BAcknowledgements Thanks to the sta
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� Live Oak Library, Bull Street B
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was short by at least 30 men, in ad
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Published sources included: � All
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� Hays (1946, 1950) � Hill (192
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for any materials from North Caroli
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The North Carolina Archives was als
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Figure 2. Kettle Creek Battlefield
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Fifteen activity loci were defined
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BPREVIOUS HISTORICAL RESEARCH BIII.
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eceived, that a body of the loyalis
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his militia; and finding that he co
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Alexander Garden, a Revolutionary W
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them. Lossing visited Savannah, Geo
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position. Colonel Boyd defended the
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stand a large tree, Walnut I think,
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Mr. William Lake, a newspaper man f
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etc. of the war period but there ar
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� John Newton--1784 till 1796.
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Table 1. Timeline of Significant En
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A detachment of North Carolina mili
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Table 4. South Carolina and North C
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Table 5. Georgia Militiamen Who Fou
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Figure 8. General Andrew Pickens (S
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BColonel John Dooly Colonel John Do
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his family, along with several hund
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Figure 9. Portrait of Elijah Clarke
Page 64 and 65: Greene County, Georgia in 1788 (Kni
Page 66 and 67: BCaptain Joseph Collins Joseph Coll
Page 68 and 69: Table 7. Captain Robert Carr's Comp
Page 70 and 71: egiment has survived (Davis 1979a).
Page 72 and 73: ecame Rowan County, North Carolina.
Page 74 and 75: Creek, fought and Defeated them the
Page 76 and 77: horses and cows which the Indians h
Page 78 and 79: BPrivate Micajah Brooks, Sr. Privat
Page 80 and 81: the rank of colonel at the time of
Page 82 and 83: BPrivate John McClaskey Private Joh
Page 84 and 85: of a broken leg. He joined the Sout
Page 86 and 87: BOTHER PATRIOTS LINKED TO KETTLE CR
Page 88 and 89: John Finley entered the service of
Page 90 and 91: Private Henry Mayner Private Henry
Page 92 and 93: Table 8. Known Loyalists in Battle
Page 94 and 95: One family of Boyds was living in t
Page 96 and 97: SPURGEON, WILLIAM. Of North Carolin
Page 98 and 99: Fort and Boyd’s defeat under a si
Page 100 and 101: for 200 acres in 1756 and by 1761 h
Page 102 and 103: North Carolina Regiment. John Marti
Page 104 and 105: in 1779 and was promoted to a Lieut
Page 106 and 107: Almost all of the Loyalists who wer
Page 108 and 109: Figure 82. Portion of Davis' Redraf
Page 110 and 111: Figure 15. Portion of U.S.G.S. Quad
Page 112 and 113: Figure 18. 1942 Aerial Photograph S
Page 116 and 117: Dooly’s Fort John Dooly’s Fort
Page 118 and 119: Knox’s Fort/Cherokee Corner/Gourd
Page 120 and 121: That he enlisted in the Army of the
Page 122 and 123: The rock dwelling of Thomas Ansley
Page 124 and 125: Joseph White, a North Carolinian wi
Page 126 and 127: The Williamses Rowland Williams was
Page 128 and 129: Henry Thomas Slaton was unmarried a
Page 130 and 131: Book G: 98). The land had been prev
Page 132 and 133: Robert McGinty and his wife, Debora
Page 134 and 135: ecorded on December 7, 1773 at Wrig
Page 136 and 137: 126
Page 138 and 139: Figure 29 is a schematic showing th
Page 140 and 141: Figure 26. Kettle Creek Immediately
Page 142 and 143: Locus A 132 Figure 30. Kettle Creek
Page 144 and 145: Locus C Locus C is situated on the
Page 146 and 147: an animal pen that was maintained b
Page 148 and 149: systematic shovel testing). The pro
Page 150 and 151: Figure 33. Selected Arms Group Arti
Page 152 and 153: Figure 35. Selected Clothing, Perso
Page 154 and 155: Three main types of refined earthen
Page 156 and 157: Figure 37. Distribution of Arms Gro
Page 158 and 159: ullets that struck organic targets
Page 160 and 161: The concentration of fire of the la
Page 162 and 163: lead supplies during the war. Fort
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of South Carolina militia, witnesse
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Tobacco Group The survey yielded no
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Figure 40. Distribution of Activiti
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BEXECUTIVE SUMMARY BVI. Summary and
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Colonel Dooly and Lieutenant Colone
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might have turned in their favor. O
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corridor should be at least 1,000 f
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Figure 46. Core Area of Kettle Cree
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Babits, L. E. 1998 A Devil of a Whi
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Cary, John 1806 A New Map of Part o
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1994 DeBolt's Dictionary of America
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Garden, Alexander 1822 Anecdotes of
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Hartgrove, W.B. 1916 The Negro Sold
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1857 Nancy Hart [Engraving], in Nan
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2004 Roster of Revolutionary Soldie
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Newman, D.L., and D.N. Ham 1974 Lis
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1986 The New York Loyalists. Univer
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1996 Vanishing Sites of Old Wilkes.
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1910 Monument to Commemorate Battle
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n.d. Unsigned Account of Revolution
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Appendix 1. Artifact Inventory, Ket
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PP# Northing Easting Northing Easti
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Appendix II. Kettle Creek Roster. S
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Surname Name Rank Army Regiment/Bat
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show all

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