Stirring Up a Hornet's Nest: - UGA Laboratory of Archaeology ...

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The GPS locations of suspected sites were recorded so that they could be revisited during secondary reconnaissance survey. Several historic farmsteads were located by this method and team members conducted a preliminary search of these sites with the metal detector. The project’s time and resources did not allow complete examination of all of these finds. Several of these home sites contain vast amounts of metal, which rendered the metal detector strategy ineffective. These homes are likely of late 19 th or early 20 th century vintage, since abundant metal debris is typical on these types of sites. What is not known, however, is whether these sites mask an earlier historic occupation or site use. For the secondary reconnaissance survey, a larger group of metal detector operators were organized and coordinated by the Field Director. Highly skilled operators were interspersed with those with less experience. The operators were assigned transects or sectors of sites or landforms to cover. On homestead sites the sector method was used, whereas transects were used to cover areas of slope where Revolutionary War period metal relics had been previously identified by the preliminary reconnaissance team. Once a significant metal find was located, its location was recorded, either by the Sokkia total station or with a GPS handheld receiver. UTM locations were recorded for each find using the NAD 27 datum reference. These Northing and Easting metric geographic coordinates were shortened for convenience by dropping the first two digits of the Easting and first three digits of the Northing reading. For example, an object located at UTM, Zone 17, 3729226 Northing, 325270 Easting, was given the grid coordinates: 9226 North, 5270 East. Both sets of coordinates are included in Appendix I. When the mapping process was delayed or backlogged, metal pin flags were used to mark the location of the finds. Each find was assigned a unique “Piece Plot”, or PP# numerical designation. These piece plot numbers served to identify each find throughout the field survey and laboratory analysis phase. A total of 86 artifacts from various survey locations was either not excavated or uncovered and left in place. Those left in place were duly noted in the field inventory with the notation “nc” (no collection) in the artifact inventory in Appendix I. Site loci and artifact locations were recorded using a combination of Garmin GPS handheld devices and a Sokkia Total Station with a TDS Recon data collector. Figure 3. View of Project Area, Facing North from Monument Hill. 14
Fifteen activity loci were defined by this survey. Each of these areas was given a letter designation, A through O, which is keyed to report maps and the accompanying artifact inventory (Appendix I). These locations are described in greater detail in the results chapter. These include: � A- Monument Hill � B-North Slope of Monument Hill � C-Possible hospital, ridge north of Monument Hill � D-Early house, old road trace � E-Farmstead complex � F-Ridge South of Kettle Creek � G-Old Road Trace � H-Possible animal pen, 19 th century 15 � I-Early house � J-Early house � K-House, upslope from Locus C � L-Early house � M-Early house � N-Ridge northeast of War Hill � O-Prehistoric site, southeast of battlefield Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey was conducted on a small portion of the Kettle Creek battlefield in the vicinity of the monument. The GPR field survey methods employed were consistent with those developed by Conyers and Goodman (1997) and previous LAMAR Institute GPR projects (Elliott 2003, 2005, Elliott and Dean 2007). The GPR data was collected in three small, contiguous rectangular grids, which were designated A, B, and C. Block A covered the cemetery/cenotaph enclosure. It measured 6.5 m east-west by 12.75 m north-south. The southwestern corner of GPR Block A was located at grid point 9266.3N, 55190.3E. Data was collected from 44 radargrams in this block using an 800 MHz shielded antenna. Radargrams were collected from west to east on parallel transects spaced at 25 cm intervals. Progress was from south to north. A total of 256.5 m of linear radar data was gathered in Block A. GPR Block B was a resurvey of Block A and it measured 6.5 m east-west by 12 m north-south. The southwest datum for Blocks A and B were the same. Data was collected from 23 radargrams in Block B using a 500 MHz shielded antenna. Radargrams were collected from west to east on parallel transects spaced at 50 cm intervals. Progress was from south to north. A total of 135 m of linear radar data was gathered in Block B. GPR Block C was located immediately north of Block B and it measured 7 m east-west by 17 m northsouth. The southwest corner of this block was at Datum 1 (9280N, 5190E). Data was collected from 16 radargrams in this block using a 500 MHz shielded antenna. Radargrams were collected from south to north on parallel transects spaced at 50 cm intervals. Progress was from east to west. A total of 252 m of linear radar data was gathered in Block B. Archeologists excavated nine shovel tests on two site loci (Loci C and E). These shovel tests measured 50 cm in diameter. Fill from these excavations was screened through ¼ inch hardware cloth and all artifacts from each test were collected. The shovel tests were excavated in a single vertical level, since the organic soils at each location were quite shallow and sterile clay subsoil was quickly encountered. Three shovel tests were placed in Locus E. Shovel Test 1 was located at 9491.9 North, 4772.0 East. Shovel Test 2 was located at 9498.7 North, 4791.4 East. Shovel Test 3 was located at 9496.1 North, 4792.0 East. Six shovel tests were placed in Locus C. Three of these shovel tests yielded early historic ceramics and the other three were sterile. These tentatively established the southern limits of this cultural deposit. The northern limit, however, merged with Locus K. Two test units were excavated by the project team. Archeologists followed State of Georgia and U.S. Secretary of Interior Standards for all excavations. Test Unit 1, measuring 2 m by 2 m, was excavated at Locus D. The grid location of Test Unit 1 at its southeast corner was 9598 North, 4887 East. This test was excavated in one vertical level to a maximum depth of 20 cm below ground. Archeologists excavated Test Unit 2, measuring 1 by 1 m at Locus E. The grid location of Test Unit 1 at its southeast corner was 9501 North, 4757 East. This test was excavated in one vertical level to a maximum depth of 17 cm below ground. BLABORATORY ANALYSIS Artifacts, field notes and other records were returned to The LAMAR Institute laboratory in Rincon, Georgia at the end of the field project. Artifacts from the project were washed, analyzed and catalogued and prepared for permanent curation. Artifact information was entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which is included as Appendix I of this report. Selected artifacts were digitally photographed in the laboratory and these are included as Appendix III. Lead balls were weighed to the nearest tenths of grams
Page 1 and 2: Stirring Up a Hornet’s Nest: The
Page 3 and 4: BTable of Contents Table of Content
Page 5: Figure 42. Composite Map Showing Ar
Page 8 and 9: BAcknowledgements Thanks to the sta
Page 10 and 11: � Live Oak Library, Bull Street B
Page 12: was short by at least 30 men, in ad
Page 15 and 16: Published sources included: � All
Page 17 and 18: � Hays (1946, 1950) � Hill (192
Page 19 and 20: for any materials from North Caroli
Page 21 and 22: The North Carolina Archives was als
Page 23: Figure 2. Kettle Creek Battlefield
Page 27 and 28: BPREVIOUS HISTORICAL RESEARCH BIII.
Page 29 and 30: eceived, that a body of the loyalis
Page 31 and 32: his militia; and finding that he co
Page 33 and 34: Alexander Garden, a Revolutionary W
Page 35 and 36: them. Lossing visited Savannah, Geo
Page 37 and 38: position. Colonel Boyd defended the
Page 39: stand a large tree, Walnut I think,
Page 42 and 43: Mr. William Lake, a newspaper man f
Page 44 and 45: etc. of the war period but there ar
Page 46 and 47: � John Newton--1784 till 1796.
Page 48 and 49: Table 1. Timeline of Significant En
Page 50 and 51: A detachment of North Carolina mili
Page 52 and 53: Table 4. South Carolina and North C
Page 54 and 55: Table 5. Georgia Militiamen Who Fou
Page 56 and 57: Figure 8. General Andrew Pickens (S
Page 58 and 59: BColonel John Dooly Colonel John Do
Page 60 and 61: his family, along with several hund
Page 62 and 63: Figure 9. Portrait of Elijah Clarke
Page 64 and 65: Greene County, Georgia in 1788 (Kni
Page 66 and 67: BCaptain Joseph Collins Joseph Coll
Page 68 and 69: Table 7. Captain Robert Carr's Comp
Page 70 and 71: egiment has survived (Davis 1979a).
Page 72 and 73: ecame Rowan County, North Carolina.
Page 74 and 75:
Creek, fought and Defeated them the
Page 76 and 77:
horses and cows which the Indians h
Page 78 and 79:
BPrivate Micajah Brooks, Sr. Privat
Page 80 and 81:
the rank of colonel at the time of
Page 82 and 83:
BPrivate John McClaskey Private Joh
Page 84 and 85:
of a broken leg. He joined the Sout
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BOTHER PATRIOTS LINKED TO KETTLE CR
Page 88 and 89:
John Finley entered the service of
Page 90 and 91:
Private Henry Mayner Private Henry
Page 92 and 93:
Table 8. Known Loyalists in Battle
Page 94 and 95:
One family of Boyds was living in t
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SPURGEON, WILLIAM. Of North Carolin
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Fort and Boyd’s defeat under a si
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for 200 acres in 1756 and by 1761 h
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North Carolina Regiment. John Marti
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in 1779 and was promoted to a Lieut
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Almost all of the Loyalists who wer
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Figure 82. Portion of Davis' Redraf
Page 110 and 111:
Figure 15. Portion of U.S.G.S. Quad
Page 112 and 113:
Figure 18. 1942 Aerial Photograph S
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Cowan’s Ferry Cowan’s Ferry was
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Dooly’s Fort John Dooly’s Fort
Page 118 and 119:
Knox’s Fort/Cherokee Corner/Gourd
Page 120 and 121:
That he enlisted in the Army of the
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The rock dwelling of Thomas Ansley
Page 124 and 125:
Joseph White, a North Carolinian wi
Page 126 and 127:
The Williamses Rowland Williams was
Page 128 and 129:
Henry Thomas Slaton was unmarried a
Page 130 and 131:
Book G: 98). The land had been prev
Page 132 and 133:
Robert McGinty and his wife, Debora
Page 134 and 135:
ecorded on December 7, 1773 at Wrig
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126
Page 138 and 139:
Figure 29 is a schematic showing th
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 26. Kettle Creek Immediately
Page 142 and 143:
Locus A 132 Figure 30. Kettle Creek
Page 144 and 145:
Locus C Locus C is situated on the
Page 146 and 147:
an animal pen that was maintained b
Page 148 and 149:
systematic shovel testing). The pro
Page 150 and 151:
Figure 33. Selected Arms Group Arti
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Figure 35. Selected Clothing, Perso
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Three main types of refined earthen
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Figure 37. Distribution of Arms Gro
Page 158 and 159:
ullets that struck organic targets
Page 160 and 161:
The concentration of fire of the la
Page 162 and 163:
lead supplies during the war. Fort
Page 164 and 165:
of South Carolina militia, witnesse
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Tobacco Group The survey yielded no
Page 168 and 169:
Figure 40. Distribution of Activiti
Page 170:
BEXECUTIVE SUMMARY BVI. Summary and
Page 173 and 174:
Colonel Dooly and Lieutenant Colone
Page 175 and 176:
might have turned in their favor. O
Page 177 and 178:
corridor should be at least 1,000 f
Page 179 and 180:
Figure 46. Core Area of Kettle Cree
Page 181 and 182:
Babits, L. E. 1998 A Devil of a Whi
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Cary, John 1806 A New Map of Part o
Page 185 and 186:
1994 DeBolt's Dictionary of America
Page 187 and 188:
Garden, Alexander 1822 Anecdotes of
Page 189 and 190:
Hartgrove, W.B. 1916 The Negro Sold
Page 191 and 192:
1857 Nancy Hart [Engraving], in Nan
Page 193 and 194:
2004 Roster of Revolutionary Soldie
Page 195 and 196:
Newman, D.L., and D.N. Ham 1974 Lis
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1986 The New York Loyalists. Univer
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1996 Vanishing Sites of Old Wilkes.
Page 201 and 202:
1910 Monument to Commemorate Battle
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n.d. Unsigned Account of Revolution
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Appendix 1. Artifact Inventory, Ket
Page 207 and 208:
PP# Northing Easting Northing Easti
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Appendix II. Kettle Creek Roster. S
Page 221 and 222:
Surname Name Rank Army Regiment/Bat
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
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