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of South Carolina militia, witnessed Boyd’s wounding by the Georgia militiamen. Historical accounts indicate that Boyd was surprised and hit by multiple rifle shots while standing somewhere on the left (west) side of War Hill. The details of Lieutenant Colonel John Moore’s wounds were not discovered. None of Moore’s fellow soldiers from North or South Carolina can account for his whereabouts on the battlefield and some imply that he was not serving as an effect leader. This may indicate that Lieutenant Colonel Moore was hit by gunfire early in the engagement but not so severely that he was unable to leave the battlefield without being captured. He was apparently not among the troops being rallied by Major Spurgeon on the south side of Kettle Creek. Moore’s wounds were likely slight, however, since he managed to rejoin Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton and returned to service within a few weeks. Our research team located no details of John Alexander’s death on the battlefield. Clothing Group Clothing group artifacts in this study included two main types, buttons and buckles (see Figure 35). Other items related to clothing were sewing articles, including scissors (one example) and brass thimbles (two examples). Fragments of three decorated cast metal shoe buckles of typical 18 th century style were located (Stone 1974). The present study located a small quantity of clothing artifacts that may be associated with the two armies at Kettle Creek. All of the buttons were metal with undecorated faces. All were 18 th century button types and many, if not all, may be from militia uniforms and related to the battle. Based on clothing artifacts alone, the artifacts do not indicate the presence of any military uniforms on the battlefield. Buttons comprise most of the clothing group artifacts. All of the 18 th century metal buttons recovered by the survey team were undecorated examples. These include: Type 6 (n=1), Type 7 (n=9), and Type 29 (n=1) buttons (South 1964). These three button types are consistent with those worn in the American Revolution. None were definitively associated with military uniforms, although undecorated buttons of these types were quite likely were worn by militia soldiers. Two spatial clusters of metal buttons are evidenced by the survey data. By far the greatest concentration of clothing artifacts was observed in Locus C (n=9, or 21% of Locus C artifacts) (Figure 39). In that area small brass Type 7 buttons were the dominant artifact category, which is most unusual for early historic sites in Georgia (see Figure 35, LN204). Clothing Group artifacts usually comprise no more than a few percent of the overall artifact assemblage. The observed artifact pattern at Locus C is well outside of the range of the various artifact patterns. At the 1770s Hannah farmstead (9JF195) in the Queensborough Township for example, Clothing Group artifacts comprised less than 0.5 percent (n=10) of the historic artifact assemblage (n=2,313 historic artifacts) (Elliott and Elliott 2002:98). This clustering of buttons in Locus C led the team to an interpretation that this area served as a temporary field hospital for those wounded on the battlefield. Admittedly, this is a tenuous conclusion based solely on two observations. First, the button cluster represents a disproportionately high percentage of buttons for an early historic domestic site. Secondly, Locus C’s position in the “heart” of the battlefield makes a field hospital a likely interpretation. These buttons all have broken loops on their reverse. Broken buttons may have been the result of the rapid removal of bloody clothing from the wounded and their immediate discard in a discarded clothing pile. Davis argues that this button distribution may represent the location of the burial site of the battle victims. This is certainly a possibility, particularly if the burials were shallow originally. Quite possibly the field hospital and the burial site were in close proximity, since many of those who were wounded and being treated died that day and were buried along with the other war dead. Unfortunately, the extremely eroded condition at Locus C may preempt full determination of this area as a field hospital or as the battlefield cemetery. We suggest that additional archaeological test excavations be conducted in Locus C to explore these possible interpretations. The other button cluster was located at the northern end of the battlefield in Locus D. Both button clusters are associated with other domestic artifacts, including wrought nails. This probably indicates that a building was present in these places when the buttons were deposited in the ground. Surprisingly, Locus E, the most intensively settled historic area, did not produce any metal buttons, despite its diverse artifact inventory and 154
lengthy occupation. The absence of buttons at Locus E may be an indicator of intense relic collecting for non-ferrous objects by unknown persons in the past. Figure 39. Distribution of Clothing Group Artifacts, Kettle Creek. The uniforms worn by the Royal North Carolina Regiment, which was formed a few weeks after the battle at Kettle Creek, included: “Red coats, blue facings, white waistcoats and breeches, black round hats with black feathers” (Nelson 2008). It is not known whether the men in Boyd’s regiment had these uniforms at the time of the February 14 battle. Many of them were more likely clothed in civilian garb. The uniforms worn by the South Carolina militia, the Georgia militia, and the Light Horse detachment of North Carolina militia were likely equally Spartan. 155
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Stirring Up a Hornet’s Nest: The
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BTable of Contents Table of Content
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Figure 42. Composite Map Showing Ar
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BAcknowledgements Thanks to the sta
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� Live Oak Library, Bull Street B
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was short by at least 30 men, in ad
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Published sources included: � All
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� Hays (1946, 1950) � Hill (192
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for any materials from North Caroli
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The North Carolina Archives was als
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Figure 2. Kettle Creek Battlefield
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Fifteen activity loci were defined
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BPREVIOUS HISTORICAL RESEARCH BIII.
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eceived, that a body of the loyalis
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his militia; and finding that he co
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Alexander Garden, a Revolutionary W
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them. Lossing visited Savannah, Geo
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position. Colonel Boyd defended the
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stand a large tree, Walnut I think,
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Mr. William Lake, a newspaper man f
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etc. of the war period but there ar
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� John Newton--1784 till 1796.
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Table 1. Timeline of Significant En
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A detachment of North Carolina mili
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Table 4. South Carolina and North C
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Table 5. Georgia Militiamen Who Fou
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Figure 8. General Andrew Pickens (S
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BColonel John Dooly Colonel John Do
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his family, along with several hund
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Figure 9. Portrait of Elijah Clarke
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Greene County, Georgia in 1788 (Kni
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BCaptain Joseph Collins Joseph Coll
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Table 7. Captain Robert Carr's Comp
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egiment has survived (Davis 1979a).
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ecame Rowan County, North Carolina.
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Creek, fought and Defeated them the
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horses and cows which the Indians h
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BPrivate Micajah Brooks, Sr. Privat
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the rank of colonel at the time of
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BPrivate John McClaskey Private Joh
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of a broken leg. He joined the Sout
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BOTHER PATRIOTS LINKED TO KETTLE CR
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John Finley entered the service of
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Private Henry Mayner Private Henry
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Table 8. Known Loyalists in Battle
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One family of Boyds was living in t
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SPURGEON, WILLIAM. Of North Carolin
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Fort and Boyd’s defeat under a si
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for 200 acres in 1756 and by 1761 h
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North Carolina Regiment. John Marti
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in 1779 and was promoted to a Lieut
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Almost all of the Loyalists who wer
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Figure 82. Portion of Davis' Redraf
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Figure 15. Portion of U.S.G.S. Quad
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Figure 18. 1942 Aerial Photograph S
Page 114 and 115: Cowan’s Ferry Cowan’s Ferry was
Page 116 and 117: Dooly’s Fort John Dooly’s Fort
Page 118 and 119: Knox’s Fort/Cherokee Corner/Gourd
Page 120 and 121: That he enlisted in the Army of the
Page 122 and 123: The rock dwelling of Thomas Ansley
Page 124 and 125: Joseph White, a North Carolinian wi
Page 126 and 127: The Williamses Rowland Williams was
Page 128 and 129: Henry Thomas Slaton was unmarried a
Page 130 and 131: Book G: 98). The land had been prev
Page 132 and 133: Robert McGinty and his wife, Debora
Page 134 and 135: ecorded on December 7, 1773 at Wrig
Page 136 and 137: 126
Page 138 and 139: Figure 29 is a schematic showing th
Page 140 and 141: Figure 26. Kettle Creek Immediately
Page 142 and 143: Locus A 132 Figure 30. Kettle Creek
Page 144 and 145: Locus C Locus C is situated on the
Page 146 and 147: an animal pen that was maintained b
Page 148 and 149: systematic shovel testing). The pro
Page 150 and 151: Figure 33. Selected Arms Group Arti
Page 152 and 153: Figure 35. Selected Clothing, Perso
Page 154 and 155: Three main types of refined earthen
Page 156 and 157: Figure 37. Distribution of Arms Gro
Page 158 and 159: ullets that struck organic targets
Page 160 and 161: The concentration of fire of the la
Page 162 and 163: lead supplies during the war. Fort
Page 166 and 167: Tobacco Group The survey yielded no
Page 168 and 169: Figure 40. Distribution of Activiti
Page 170: BEXECUTIVE SUMMARY BVI. Summary and
Page 173 and 174: Colonel Dooly and Lieutenant Colone
Page 175 and 176: might have turned in their favor. O
Page 177 and 178: corridor should be at least 1,000 f
Page 179 and 180: Figure 46. Core Area of Kettle Cree
Page 181 and 182: Babits, L. E. 1998 A Devil of a Whi
Page 183 and 184: Cary, John 1806 A New Map of Part o
Page 185 and 186: 1994 DeBolt's Dictionary of America
Page 187 and 188: Garden, Alexander 1822 Anecdotes of
Page 189 and 190: Hartgrove, W.B. 1916 The Negro Sold
Page 191 and 192: 1857 Nancy Hart [Engraving], in Nan
Page 193 and 194: 2004 Roster of Revolutionary Soldie
Page 195 and 196: Newman, D.L., and D.N. Ham 1974 Lis
Page 197 and 198: 1986 The New York Loyalists. Univer
Page 199 and 200: 1996 Vanishing Sites of Old Wilkes.
Page 201 and 202: 1910 Monument to Commemorate Battle
Page 203 and 204: n.d. Unsigned Account of Revolution
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 1. Artifact Inventory, Ket
Page 207 and 208: PP# Northing Easting Northing Easti
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PP# Northing Easting Northing Easti
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PP# Northing Easting Northing Easti
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Appendix II. Kettle Creek Roster. S
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Surname Name Rank Army Regiment/Bat
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