Stirring Up a Hornet's Nest: - UGA Laboratory of Archaeology ...

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The Patriots were almost certainly entirely mounted on horseback. Their capture of Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton’s horses and baggage at Carr’s Fort four days earlier would have provided a horse for any of Pickens’, Dooly’s or Clarke’s infantry (if indeed, they had any foot soldiers at all). Lieutenant Jesse Gordon of Captain Gunnell’s company later stated, “The militia took all the horses belonging to Hamilton's party that were alive with their equipment.” Conversely, the Loyalists, who may have arrived at Kettle Creek on horseback, were mostly dismounted at the time of the attack. Many of their horses were grazing in the floodplain. Battlefield accounts stated that Boyd’s horses were captured. Pickens’ 1811 recollection suggests that the Loyalists lost control of their mounts at the beginning of the battle. Figure 43. Activity Loci, Kettle Creek Battlefield. At first the Patriots had the element of surprise. They had time to prepare their weapons for battle. The sources agree that Colonel Boyd’s men were scattered, some butchering cattle, others preparing meals and establishing a camp, and others tending to their horses. The Loyalists were not well organized in a defensive posture and were unaware of the approaching Patriots. Pickens’ scouts in McCall’s company (the advance guard) provided intelligence of Boyd’s position. Armed with this information Colonel Pickens was able to develop his attack strategy and divide his force into three prongs. The place where Pickens, Dooly and Clarke split up was probably where the ridge splits into three sections, just north of Locus M in the present survey. Figure 44 shows the suspected routes of the Georgia and South Carolina militia, based on the archeological findings. Pickens wrote in 1811, “I went on with the center on their trail with a small advance with orders when they discovered any of the enemy not to fire first but immediately let me know.” The “trail” was likely the old road trace that was discovered by the survey team in Locus D. The advance guard who made first contact with the Loyalists picket commenced a firefight, which alerted everyone within earshot to the engagement. Locus D is probably the location of the first contact. Pickens’ force was probably between 100 to 200 yards north of this advanced guard and his men quickly moved southward to join the fray. Realizing they were greatly outnumbered, the Loyalist picket retreated towards Boyd’s camp. The gunfire also announced to 162
Colonel Dooly and Lieutenant Colonel Clarke of their discovery by the Loyalists, which no doubt led to their accelerated advance. Pickens attributed the initial gunfire to his own advance guard who “pretty near before they discovered them being too eager and not attending to their orders they imprudently fired on them which gave the alarm.” Other writers were more forgiving and attributed the initial shots to an alert Loyalist picket. Whoever fired the first shots, that noise announced the beginning of the battle. Figure 44. Suspected Routes of Patriot Militia, Kettle Creek Battlefield. 163
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Stirring Up a Hornet’s Nest: The
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BTable of Contents Table of Content
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Figure 42. Composite Map Showing Ar
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BAcknowledgements Thanks to the sta
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� Live Oak Library, Bull Street B
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was short by at least 30 men, in ad
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Published sources included: � All
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� Hays (1946, 1950) � Hill (192
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for any materials from North Caroli
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The North Carolina Archives was als
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Figure 2. Kettle Creek Battlefield
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Fifteen activity loci were defined
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BPREVIOUS HISTORICAL RESEARCH BIII.
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eceived, that a body of the loyalis
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his militia; and finding that he co
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Alexander Garden, a Revolutionary W
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them. Lossing visited Savannah, Geo
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position. Colonel Boyd defended the
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stand a large tree, Walnut I think,
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Mr. William Lake, a newspaper man f
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etc. of the war period but there ar
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� John Newton--1784 till 1796.
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Table 1. Timeline of Significant En
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A detachment of North Carolina mili
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Table 4. South Carolina and North C
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Table 5. Georgia Militiamen Who Fou
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Figure 8. General Andrew Pickens (S
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BColonel John Dooly Colonel John Do
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his family, along with several hund
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Figure 9. Portrait of Elijah Clarke
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Greene County, Georgia in 1788 (Kni
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BCaptain Joseph Collins Joseph Coll
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Table 7. Captain Robert Carr's Comp
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egiment has survived (Davis 1979a).
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ecame Rowan County, North Carolina.
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Creek, fought and Defeated them the
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horses and cows which the Indians h
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BPrivate Micajah Brooks, Sr. Privat
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the rank of colonel at the time of
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BPrivate John McClaskey Private Joh
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of a broken leg. He joined the Sout
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BOTHER PATRIOTS LINKED TO KETTLE CR
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John Finley entered the service of
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Private Henry Mayner Private Henry
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Table 8. Known Loyalists in Battle
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One family of Boyds was living in t
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SPURGEON, WILLIAM. Of North Carolin
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Fort and Boyd’s defeat under a si
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for 200 acres in 1756 and by 1761 h
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North Carolina Regiment. John Marti
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in 1779 and was promoted to a Lieut
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Almost all of the Loyalists who wer
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Figure 82. Portion of Davis' Redraf
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Figure 15. Portion of U.S.G.S. Quad
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Figure 18. 1942 Aerial Photograph S
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Cowan’s Ferry Cowan’s Ferry was
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Dooly’s Fort John Dooly’s Fort
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Knox’s Fort/Cherokee Corner/Gourd
Page 120 and 121: That he enlisted in the Army of the
Page 122 and 123: The rock dwelling of Thomas Ansley
Page 124 and 125: Joseph White, a North Carolinian wi
Page 126 and 127: The Williamses Rowland Williams was
Page 128 and 129: Henry Thomas Slaton was unmarried a
Page 130 and 131: Book G: 98). The land had been prev
Page 132 and 133: Robert McGinty and his wife, Debora
Page 134 and 135: ecorded on December 7, 1773 at Wrig
Page 136 and 137: 126
Page 138 and 139: Figure 29 is a schematic showing th
Page 140 and 141: Figure 26. Kettle Creek Immediately
Page 142 and 143: Locus A 132 Figure 30. Kettle Creek
Page 144 and 145: Locus C Locus C is situated on the
Page 146 and 147: an animal pen that was maintained b
Page 148 and 149: systematic shovel testing). The pro
Page 150 and 151: Figure 33. Selected Arms Group Arti
Page 152 and 153: Figure 35. Selected Clothing, Perso
Page 154 and 155: Three main types of refined earthen
Page 156 and 157: Figure 37. Distribution of Arms Gro
Page 158 and 159: ullets that struck organic targets
Page 160 and 161: The concentration of fire of the la
Page 162 and 163: lead supplies during the war. Fort
Page 164 and 165: of South Carolina militia, witnesse
Page 166 and 167: Tobacco Group The survey yielded no
Page 168 and 169: Figure 40. Distribution of Activiti
Page 170: BEXECUTIVE SUMMARY BVI. Summary and
Page 175 and 176: might have turned in their favor. O
Page 177 and 178: corridor should be at least 1,000 f
Page 179 and 180: Figure 46. Core Area of Kettle Cree
Page 181 and 182: Babits, L. E. 1998 A Devil of a Whi
Page 183 and 184: Cary, John 1806 A New Map of Part o
Page 185 and 186: 1994 DeBolt's Dictionary of America
Page 187 and 188: Garden, Alexander 1822 Anecdotes of
Page 189 and 190: Hartgrove, W.B. 1916 The Negro Sold
Page 191 and 192: 1857 Nancy Hart [Engraving], in Nan
Page 193 and 194: 2004 Roster of Revolutionary Soldie
Page 195 and 196: Newman, D.L., and D.N. Ham 1974 Lis
Page 197 and 198: 1986 The New York Loyalists. Univer
Page 199 and 200: 1996 Vanishing Sites of Old Wilkes.
Page 201 and 202: 1910 Monument to Commemorate Battle
Page 203 and 204: n.d. Unsigned Account of Revolution
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 1. Artifact Inventory, Ket
Page 207 and 208: PP# Northing Easting Northing Easti
Page 219 and 220: Appendix II. Kettle Creek Roster. S
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Surname Name Rank Army Regiment/Bat
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