Sino-Iranica - The Search For Mecca

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THE SPINACH 36. In regard to the spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Bretschneider 1 stated that "it is said to come from Persia. The botanists consider western Asia as the native country of spinach, and derive the names Spinacia, spinage, spinat, epinards, from the spinous seeds; but as the Persian name is esfinadsh, our various names would seem more likely to be of Persian origin." The problem is not quite so simple, however. It is not stated straightforwardly in any Chinese source that the spinach comes from Persia; and the name "Persian vegetable" (Pose ts'ai) is of recent origin, being first traceable in the Pen ts'ao kan mu, where Li Si-cen himself ascribes it to a certain Fan Si-yin 3? :fc HI. Strangely enough, we get also in this case a taste of the Can-K'ien myth. At least, H. L. Joly 2 asserts, "The Chinese and Japanese Reposi- tory says that Chang K'ien brought to China the spinach." The only Chinese work in which I am able to find this tradition is the T'un U 3® iu£, 3 written by Cen Tsiao JIB Wk of the Sung dynasty, who states in over. Not even the Pen cold blood that Can K'ien brought spinach ts'ao kan mu dares repeat this fantasy. It is plainly devoid of any value, in view of the fact that spinach was unknown in the west as far back as the second century B.C. Indeed, it was unfamiliar to the Semites and to the ancients. It is a cultivation that comes to light only in mediaeval times. In perfect agreement with this state of affairs, spinach is not men- tioned in China earlier than the T'ang period. As regards the literature on agriculture, the vegetable makes its first appearance in the Cun §u §u W. HJ lif, written toward the end of the eighth century. l Here it is stated that the spinach, po-lin H ^ (*pwa-lin), came from the country Po-lin St H S3 (*Pwa-lih, Palinga). The first Pen ts'ao that speaks of the spinach is the Cen lei pen ts'ao written by T'an Sen-wei in a.d. 1108. 5 This Materia Medica describes altogether 1746 articles, compared with 11 18 which are treated in the Kia yu pu cu pen ts'ao (published in the period Kia-yu, a.d. 1056-64), so that 628 new ones were added. These are expressly so designated in 1 Chinese Recorder, 1871, p. 223. 2 Legend in Japanese Art, p. 35. 3 Ch. 75, p. 32 b. 4 Bretschneider, Bot. Sin., pt. 1, p. 79. 6 Ch. 29, p. 14 b (print of 1587). 392
The Spinach 393 the table of contents preceding each chapter, and spinach ranks among these novelties. Judging from the description here given, it must have been a favorite vegetable in the Sung period. It is said to be particularly beneficial to the people in the north of China, who feed on meat and flour (chiefly in the form of vermicelli), while the southerners, who subsist on fish and turtles, cannot eat much of it, because their water food makes them cold, and spinach brings about the same effect. 1 The Kia yii (or hwa) lu £ 3§ (or R) ft by Liu Yu-si ft ^ £§ (a.d. 772-842) is cited to the effect that "po-lin *
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#* "LI B R.AR.Y' OF THE UNIVERSITY
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Publications OF FIELD MUSEUM OF NAT
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Field Museum of Natural History Pub
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iv Contents, \{ Page Cassia Pods an
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1 86 Sino-Iranica part of which hav
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1 88 Sino-Iranica most advanced and
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ioo Sino-Iranica number of addition
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192 Sino-Iranica It has been my end
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194 Sino-Iranica scented mint is Va
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196 Sino-Iranica by the people of K
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198 Sino-Iranica Kamchatka, and the
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200 Sino-Iranica attribute Hu, it m
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202 Sino-Iranica some vaguely defin
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204 Sino-Iranica of important plant
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206 Sino-Iranica since his days Ori
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ALFALFA I. The earliest extant lite
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210 Sino-Iranica acted as mediators
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212 Sino-Iranica very well aware of
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214 Sino-Iranica *suk, stand for Za
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216 Sino-Iranica 3. Trigonella f&nu
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«i8 Sino-Iranica and Hemsley 1 giv
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THE GRAPE-VINE 2. The grape-vine (V
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222 SlNO-lRANICA age. 1 When the So
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224 Sino-Iranica vine, as we call i
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226 Sino-Iranica Hirth 1 endorsed K
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228 Sino-Iranica have applied a Per
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t$o Sino-Iranica of grape. Accordin
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232 Sino-Iranica they do not know i
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«34 Sino-Iranica A recipe for maki
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236 Sino-Iranica distilled from the
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«38 Sino-Iranica wine in the same
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240 Sino-Iranica ported from Pa-lai
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242 Tavernier 1 Sino-Iranica states
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244 Sino-Iranica but is an entirely
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THE PISTACHIO 3. Pistacia is a genu
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248 Sino-Iranica ?). Persians 3£ $
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t$o Sino-Iranica gwan, gwana, for P
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252 Sino-Iranica Again, the Persian
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THE WALNUT 4. The Buddhist dictiona
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256 Sino-Iranica The New-Persian na
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258 Sino-Iranica B.C." 1 In Hehn's
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260 Sino-Iranica of Su Tsun 1£ $t
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262 Sino-Iranica much. The tree is
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264 Sino-Iranica 3$i # 13. * Anothe
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*66 Sino-Iranica all the district a
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268 Sino-Iranica tion is quite to t
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tyo Sino-Iranica is one of the most
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272 Sino-Iranica specific case apt
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a74 Sino-Iranica abbreviated name o
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THE POMEGRANATE 5. A. de Candolle 1
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278 Sino-Iranica They take out of t
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280 Sino-Iranica are the particular
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282 Sino-Iranica are smaller and pa
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284 Sino-Iranica dana ("grain, berr
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286 Sino-Iranica likewise from Iran
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SESAME AND FLAX 6. In A. de Candoll
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290 Sino-Iranica Herodotus 1 emphas
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292 Sino-Iranica San-tan Ji $& (sou
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[ 294 Sino-Iranica (Iranians and In
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296 Sino-Iranica jS ffc (Japanese n
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298 Sino-Iranica the character swi
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THE CUCUMBER 9. Another dogma of th
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CHIVE, ONION, AND SHALLOT 10. Altho
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304 Sino-Iranica In its appearance
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306 Sino-Iranica fix approximately
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308 Sino-Iranica Ming, 1 which stat
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310 Sino-Iranica that our genus Cur
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312 Sino-Iranica fron." 1 It is bor
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314 Sino-Iranica £m and ma-lu, are
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316 Sino-Iranica with this dye. Abu
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318 Sino-Iranica The last clause me
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320 Sino-Iranica maunds, or 3200 Kh
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322 Sino-Iranica the reproduction o
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SAFFLOWER that the cultivation of (
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326 Sino-Iranica f? J£ $t, in his
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328 Sino-Iranica make abundant use
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330 Sino-Iranica that at this early
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332 Sino-Iranica Sanskrit mallikd (
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HENNA 19. It is well known that the
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336 Sino-Iranica H Ht 1 by Cou Mi f
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338 Sino-Iranica seems more likely
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340 Sino-Iranica cattle and horses.
Page 170 and 171: 342 Sino-Iranica exclusively as a t
Page 172 and 173: 344 Sino-Iranica of Persia, furnish
Page 174 and 175: 346 Sino-Iranica bling those of an
Page 176 and 177: 348 Sino-Iranica in India guzangabi
Page 178 and 179: 350 Sino-Iranica yield, under the p
Page 180 and 181: 352 Sino-Iranica according to his s
Page 182 and 183: 354 Sino-Iranica f&tidum). 1 It is
Page 184 and 185: 356 Sino-Iranica was Garcia da Orta
Page 186 and 187: 358 Sino-Iranica pots and drinking
Page 188 and 189: 360 Sino-Iranica pie $wo about a.d.
Page 190 and 191: 362 when the Mongols Sino-Iranica i
Page 192 and 193: 364 Sino-Iranica by Theophrastus: 1
Page 194 and 195: 366 Sino-Iranica countered by Buhse
Page 196 and 197: 368 Sino-Iranica where they are sty
Page 198 and 199: INDIGO 25. As indicated by our word
Page 200 and 201: RICE 26. While rice is at present a
Page 202 and 203: PEPPER 27. The pepper-plant (hu tsi
Page 204 and 205: SUGAR 28. The sugar-cane (Saccharum
Page 206 and 207: MYROBALAN 29. The myrobalan Termina
Page 208 and 209: BRASSICA 32. Of the two species of
Page 210 and 211: 382 Sino-Iranica "Man-tsin occurs [
Page 212 and 213: 384 Sino-Iranica carui), however, i
Page 214 and 215: 386 Sino-Iranica and first occurs i
Page 216 and 217: 388 Sino-Iranica a number of hetero
Page 218 and 219: 390 Sino-Iranica giraffes. 1 It lik
Page 222 and 223: 394 Sino-Iranica Emperor T'ai Tsun
Page 224 and 225: 396 Sino-Iranica espinaca, Portugue
Page 226 and 227: 398 Sino-Iranica or Palaka 1 as the
Page 228 and 229: 400 Sino-Iranica Caspian Sea and Pe
Page 230 and 231: 402 Sino-Iranica kit." 1 These are
Page 232 and 233: 404 Sino-Iranica gathered, and eith
Page 234 and 235: 406 Sino-Iranica province of Gujara
Page 236 and 237: 408 Sino-Iranica China. Bunge says
Page 238 and 239: THE FIG 42. The fig (Ficus carted)
Page 240 and 241: 412 Sino-Iranica fruit on its inter
Page 242 and 243: 414 Sino-Iranica comprises nearly a
Page 244 and 245: 416 Sino-Iranica Schlimmer 1 says t
Page 246 and 247: 4i 8 Sino-Iranica pao pen is'ao (wr
Page 248 and 249: CASSIA PODS AND CAROB 44. In his Pe
Page 250 and 251: 422 Sino-Iranica When I had establi
Page 252 and 253: 424 Sino-Iranica passage: the two t
Page 254 and 255: 426 Sino-Iranica extent, west of th
Page 256 and 257: 428 Sino-Iranica loan-word), denoti
Page 258 and 259: 430 Sino-Iranica qfofalsmdn is deri
Page 260 and 261: 432 Sino-Iranica are placed beneath
Page 262 and 263: 434 Sino-Iranica Ferdinand Verbiest
Page 264 and 265: 436 Sino-Iranica connected with our
Page 266 and 267: THE WATER-MELON 49. This Cucurbitac
Page 268 and 269: 440 Sino-Iranica The man who introd
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442 Sino-Iranica fruit is inferior
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444 Sino-Iranica call it Batiec Ind
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FENUGREEK 50. In regard to the fenu
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NUX-VOMICA 51. The nux-vomica or st
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45° Sino-Iranica Services of Cochi
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452 tinued to cultivate it in Engla
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454 Sino-Iranica name HaSqdqul, whi
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456 Sino-Ira*tica According to Stua
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458 Sino-Iranica strongest evidence
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460 Sino-Iranica from a tree growin
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462 Sino-Iranica Theophrastus 1 men
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464 Sino-Iranica K'un-lun of the So
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466 Sino-Iranica product may be exp
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THE MALAYAN PO-SE AND ITS PRODUCTS
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470 Sino-Iranica and people P'o-lo-
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472 Sino-Iranica had brought tribut
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474 Sino-Iranica Lambesi; i.e., Bes
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476 Sino-Iranica king) 1 there are
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478 • Sino-Iranica The question h
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480 Sino-Iranica the countries beyo
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482 " l :2c M 3=L . Sino-Iranica Ac
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484 Sino-Iranica also in Ho-cou & '
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486 Sino-Iranica that the character
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PERSIAN TEXTILES 69. Brocades, that
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490 Sino-Iranica is not part of the
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492 Sino-Iranica and the latter a f
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494 Sino-Iranica In the T'ang Annal
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496 Sino-Iranica Yuan H, Ibn Batata
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498 Sino-Iranica so that the Chines
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500 Sino-Iranica text to this effec
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502 Sino-Iranica study on the histo
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504 Sino-Iranica the Chinese. F. de
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506 Sino-Iranica be a product of K'
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508 Sino-Iranica The Tibetans appea
Page 338 and 339:
510 Sino-Iranica The Ko ku yao lun
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512 Sino-Iranica swi H hi M st£ Wl
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514 Sino-Iranica to import the allo
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516 Sino-Iranica character pin has
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518 Sino-Iranica se-se of the T'ang
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520 Sino-Iranica Yun-nan Province.
Page 350 and 351:
522 Sino-Iranica ninth and the tent
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524 Sino-Iranica Chinese learned of
Page 354 and 355:
526 Pelliot. 1 Sino-Iranica by Pell
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528 Sino-Iranica of curing any dise
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530 Sino-Iranica tained in the Sui
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532 Sino-Iranica may justly be infe
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534 Sino-Iranica }ft ^ or Cu-wu Ek
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536 Sino-Iranica for staves, the sm
Page 366 and 367:
538 Sino-Iranica nian, loan-word fr
Page 368 and 369:
540 Sino-Iranica ("yellow plum")- 1
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542 Sino-Iranica The descriptions g
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544 Sino-Iranica or the attribution
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546 Sino-Iranica KokovT^ia, xauXtfe
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548 Sino-Iranica and Turkish, likew
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550 Sino-Iranica San-fu-ts'i (Palem
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552 Sino-Iranica judging from what
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554 Sino-Iranica sio, in the posthu
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556 Sino-Iranica ihelg as-sin ("Chi
Page 386 and 387:
558 Sino-Iranica Karabacek and Hoer
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560 Sino-Iranica 1 paper bank-notes
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562 Sino-Iranica petits. . . . On l
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564 Sino-Iranica spread to Central
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566 Sino-Iranica cussed by me in tw
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568 Sino-Iranica _ The term pi-si h
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570 Sino-Iranica laws, that a Chine
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Appendix I IRANIAN ELEMENTS IN MONG
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574 Sino-Iranica possible to prove
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576 Sino-Iranica 22. Mongol Hkar, H
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578 Sino-Iranica Chinese Swi-hien ^
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Appendix III THE INDIAN ELEMENTS IN
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582 Sino-Iranica p. 54) explains th
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584 Sino-Iranica remedy." Achundow
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Appendix IV THE BASIL I propose to
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588 Sino-Iranica Ainslie, 1 the pla
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590 Sino-Iranica herb. As it is loc
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592 Sino-Iranica does not form part
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594 Sino-Iranica "exempt from taxes
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596 Sino-Iranica 18. pdVi is the co
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GENERAL INDEX The Index contains al
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Tang Annals, 469; nux-vomica of, 44
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Erdmann, F. v., 527. Esposito, M.,
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194-202; salt of the, 201; with ref
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Kwan yu ki, 201, 251, 341, 345, 489
Page 437 and 438:
Mon-ku £i, 295. Mon Han lu, 229, 2
Page 439 and 440:
Pott, F. A., 249, 370, 421, 503, 54
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Stuart, G. A., I95"i97. 200, 216, 2
Page 443 and 444:
Ts'ai Lun, 563. Ts'ai Yin, 281 note
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Abrus precatorius 215 Acacia catech
Page 447 and 448:
Jasminum officinale 329, 332 Jasmin
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INDEX OF WORDS Iranian, Indian, Mon
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yu-kin hiafi 314, 317 yu liu 282 yu
Page 453 and 454:
jarak 404 kalgan 546 kaminan 465 ka
Page 455 and 456:
palanka 397 pippala 435 pippall 374
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