Sino-Iranica - The Search For Mecca

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414 Sino-Iranica comprises nearly a hundred and sixty species, and of the cultivated fig there is a vast number of varieties. According to the Yamato-honzd 1 of 1709, figs (iUjiku) were first introduced into Nagasaki in the period Kwan-ei % 3K (1624-44) from the islands in the South-Western Ocean. This agrees with E. Kaem- pfer's 2 statement that figs were brought into Japan and planted by Portuguese. 1 Ch. 10, p. 26 b. 2 History of Japan, Vol. I, p. 180 (ed. reprinted Glasgow, 1906).
THE OLIVE 43. The Yu yah tsa tsu 1 has the following notice of an exotic plant: "The ts'i-t'un ^ ^ (*dzi-tun, *zi-tun) tree has its habitat in the country Po-se (Persia), likewise in the country Fu-lin (Syria). In Fu-lin it is termed ^ M. ts'i-t'i2 (*dzi, zi-ti). The tree grows to a height of twenty or thirty feet. The bark is green, the flowers are white, resembling those of the shaddock (yu $J, Citrus grandis), and very fragrant. The fruit is similar to that of the yah-t'ao fa %ft (Averrhoa carambola) and ripens in the fifth month. The people of the Western countries press an oil out of it for frying cakes and fruit, in the same manner as sesame seeds {kil-hh E 0) 3 are utilized in China." The transcription ts'i-t'un has been successfully identified by Hirth 4 with Persian zeitun, save that we have to define this form as Middle Persian; and Fu-lin tsH-Vi with Aramaic zaitd (Hebrew zayid). This is the olive-tree (Olea Europaea). 5 The Persian word is a loan from the Semitic, the common Semitic form being *zeitu . (Arabic zeitun) It is noteworthy that the Fu-lin form agrees more closely with Grusinian and Ossetic zeVi, Armenian jet, dzet ("olive-oil"), zeit ("olive"), Arabic zait, 6 than with the Aramaic word. The olive-tree, mentioned in Pahlavi literature (above, p. 193), grows spontaneously in Persia and Baluchistan, but the cultivated species was in all likelihood received by the Iranians (as well as by the Armenians) from the Semites. The olive-tree was known in Mesopotamia at an early date: objects in clay in the form of an olive belonging to the time of Urukagina, one of the pre-Sargonic rulers of Lagash, are still extant. 7 !Ch. i8,p. 11. 2 A gloss thus indicates the reading of this character by the fan tsHe HI %•. 3 See above, p. 292. 1 Journal Am. Or. Soc, Vol. XXX, 1910, p. 19. fi See, for instance, the illustrated article "olivier" in Dujardin-Beaumetz and Egasse, Plantes m^dicinales indigenes et exotiques (p. 492, Paris, 1889), which is a very convenient and commendable reference-book, particularly valuable for its excellent illustrations. Cf. also S. Krauss, Talmudische Archaologie, Vol. II, p. 214; S. Fraenkel, Die aramaischen Fremdworter im Arabischen, p. 147. 8 W. Miller, Sprache der Osseten, p. 10; Hubschmann, Arm. Gram., p. 309. 7 Handcock, Mesopotamian Archaeology, p. 13. The contributions which A. Engler has made to the olive in Hehn's Kulturpflanzen (p. 118) are just as singular as his notions of the walnut. Leaves of the olive-tree have been found in Pliocene deposits near Mongardino north-west of Bologna, and this is sufficient for Engler to "prove" the autochthonous character of the tree in Italy. All it proves, if the 415
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#* "LI B R.AR.Y' OF THE UNIVERSITY
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Publications OF FIELD MUSEUM OF NAT
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Field Museum of Natural History Pub
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iv Contents, \{ Page Cassia Pods an
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1 86 Sino-Iranica part of which hav
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1 88 Sino-Iranica most advanced and
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ioo Sino-Iranica number of addition
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192 Sino-Iranica It has been my end
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194 Sino-Iranica scented mint is Va
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196 Sino-Iranica by the people of K
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198 Sino-Iranica Kamchatka, and the
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200 Sino-Iranica attribute Hu, it m
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202 Sino-Iranica some vaguely defin
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204 Sino-Iranica of important plant
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206 Sino-Iranica since his days Ori
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ALFALFA I. The earliest extant lite
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210 Sino-Iranica acted as mediators
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212 Sino-Iranica very well aware of
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214 Sino-Iranica *suk, stand for Za
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216 Sino-Iranica 3. Trigonella f&nu
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«i8 Sino-Iranica and Hemsley 1 giv
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THE GRAPE-VINE 2. The grape-vine (V
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222 SlNO-lRANICA age. 1 When the So
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224 Sino-Iranica vine, as we call i
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226 Sino-Iranica Hirth 1 endorsed K
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228 Sino-Iranica have applied a Per
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t$o Sino-Iranica of grape. Accordin
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232 Sino-Iranica they do not know i
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«34 Sino-Iranica A recipe for maki
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236 Sino-Iranica distilled from the
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«38 Sino-Iranica wine in the same
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240 Sino-Iranica ported from Pa-lai
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242 Tavernier 1 Sino-Iranica states
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244 Sino-Iranica but is an entirely
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THE PISTACHIO 3. Pistacia is a genu
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248 Sino-Iranica ?). Persians 3£ $
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t$o Sino-Iranica gwan, gwana, for P
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252 Sino-Iranica Again, the Persian
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THE WALNUT 4. The Buddhist dictiona
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256 Sino-Iranica The New-Persian na
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258 Sino-Iranica B.C." 1 In Hehn's
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260 Sino-Iranica of Su Tsun 1£ $t
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262 Sino-Iranica much. The tree is
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264 Sino-Iranica 3$i # 13. * Anothe
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*66 Sino-Iranica all the district a
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268 Sino-Iranica tion is quite to t
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tyo Sino-Iranica is one of the most
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272 Sino-Iranica specific case apt
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a74 Sino-Iranica abbreviated name o
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THE POMEGRANATE 5. A. de Candolle 1
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278 Sino-Iranica They take out of t
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280 Sino-Iranica are the particular
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282 Sino-Iranica are smaller and pa
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284 Sino-Iranica dana ("grain, berr
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286 Sino-Iranica likewise from Iran
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SESAME AND FLAX 6. In A. de Candoll
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290 Sino-Iranica Herodotus 1 emphas
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292 Sino-Iranica San-tan Ji $& (sou
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[ 294 Sino-Iranica (Iranians and In
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296 Sino-Iranica jS ffc (Japanese n
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298 Sino-Iranica the character swi
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THE CUCUMBER 9. Another dogma of th
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CHIVE, ONION, AND SHALLOT 10. Altho
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304 Sino-Iranica In its appearance
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306 Sino-Iranica fix approximately
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308 Sino-Iranica Ming, 1 which stat
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310 Sino-Iranica that our genus Cur
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312 Sino-Iranica fron." 1 It is bor
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314 Sino-Iranica £m and ma-lu, are
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316 Sino-Iranica with this dye. Abu
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318 Sino-Iranica The last clause me
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320 Sino-Iranica maunds, or 3200 Kh
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322 Sino-Iranica the reproduction o
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SAFFLOWER that the cultivation of (
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326 Sino-Iranica f? J£ $t, in his
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328 Sino-Iranica make abundant use
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330 Sino-Iranica that at this early
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332 Sino-Iranica Sanskrit mallikd (
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HENNA 19. It is well known that the
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336 Sino-Iranica H Ht 1 by Cou Mi f
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338 Sino-Iranica seems more likely
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340 Sino-Iranica cattle and horses.
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342 Sino-Iranica exclusively as a t
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344 Sino-Iranica of Persia, furnish
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346 Sino-Iranica bling those of an
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348 Sino-Iranica in India guzangabi
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350 Sino-Iranica yield, under the p
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352 Sino-Iranica according to his s
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354 Sino-Iranica f&tidum). 1 It is
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356 Sino-Iranica was Garcia da Orta
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358 Sino-Iranica pots and drinking
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360 Sino-Iranica pie $wo about a.d.
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362 when the Mongols Sino-Iranica i
Page 192 and 193: 364 Sino-Iranica by Theophrastus: 1
Page 194 and 195: 366 Sino-Iranica countered by Buhse
Page 196 and 197: 368 Sino-Iranica where they are sty
Page 198 and 199: INDIGO 25. As indicated by our word
Page 200 and 201: RICE 26. While rice is at present a
Page 202 and 203: PEPPER 27. The pepper-plant (hu tsi
Page 204 and 205: SUGAR 28. The sugar-cane (Saccharum
Page 206 and 207: MYROBALAN 29. The myrobalan Termina
Page 208 and 209: BRASSICA 32. Of the two species of
Page 210 and 211: 382 Sino-Iranica "Man-tsin occurs [
Page 212 and 213: 384 Sino-Iranica carui), however, i
Page 214 and 215: 386 Sino-Iranica and first occurs i
Page 216 and 217: 388 Sino-Iranica a number of hetero
Page 218 and 219: 390 Sino-Iranica giraffes. 1 It lik
Page 220 and 221: THE SPINACH 36. In regard to the sp
Page 222 and 223: 394 Sino-Iranica Emperor T'ai Tsun
Page 224 and 225: 396 Sino-Iranica espinaca, Portugue
Page 226 and 227: 398 Sino-Iranica or Palaka 1 as the
Page 228 and 229: 400 Sino-Iranica Caspian Sea and Pe
Page 230 and 231: 402 Sino-Iranica kit." 1 These are
Page 232 and 233: 404 Sino-Iranica gathered, and eith
Page 234 and 235: 406 Sino-Iranica province of Gujara
Page 236 and 237: 408 Sino-Iranica China. Bunge says
Page 238 and 239: THE FIG 42. The fig (Ficus carted)
Page 240 and 241: 412 Sino-Iranica fruit on its inter
Page 244 and 245: 416 Sino-Iranica Schlimmer 1 says t
Page 246 and 247: 4i 8 Sino-Iranica pao pen is'ao (wr
Page 248 and 249: CASSIA PODS AND CAROB 44. In his Pe
Page 250 and 251: 422 Sino-Iranica When I had establi
Page 252 and 253: 424 Sino-Iranica passage: the two t
Page 254 and 255: 426 Sino-Iranica extent, west of th
Page 256 and 257: 428 Sino-Iranica loan-word), denoti
Page 258 and 259: 430 Sino-Iranica qfofalsmdn is deri
Page 260 and 261: 432 Sino-Iranica are placed beneath
Page 262 and 263: 434 Sino-Iranica Ferdinand Verbiest
Page 264 and 265: 436 Sino-Iranica connected with our
Page 266 and 267: THE WATER-MELON 49. This Cucurbitac
Page 268 and 269: 440 Sino-Iranica The man who introd
Page 270 and 271: 442 Sino-Iranica fruit is inferior
Page 272 and 273: 444 Sino-Iranica call it Batiec Ind
Page 274 and 275: FENUGREEK 50. In regard to the fenu
Page 276 and 277: NUX-VOMICA 51. The nux-vomica or st
Page 278 and 279: 45° Sino-Iranica Services of Cochi
Page 280 and 281: 452 tinued to cultivate it in Engla
Page 282 and 283: 454 Sino-Iranica name HaSqdqul, whi
Page 284 and 285: 456 Sino-Ira*tica According to Stua
Page 286 and 287: 458 Sino-Iranica strongest evidence
Page 288 and 289: 460 Sino-Iranica from a tree growin
Page 290 and 291: 462 Sino-Iranica Theophrastus 1 men
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464 Sino-Iranica K'un-lun of the So
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466 Sino-Iranica product may be exp
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THE MALAYAN PO-SE AND ITS PRODUCTS
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470 Sino-Iranica and people P'o-lo-
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472 Sino-Iranica had brought tribut
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474 Sino-Iranica Lambesi; i.e., Bes
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476 Sino-Iranica king) 1 there are
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478 • Sino-Iranica The question h
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480 Sino-Iranica the countries beyo
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482 " l :2c M 3=L . Sino-Iranica Ac
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484 Sino-Iranica also in Ho-cou & '
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486 Sino-Iranica that the character
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PERSIAN TEXTILES 69. Brocades, that
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490 Sino-Iranica is not part of the
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492 Sino-Iranica and the latter a f
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494 Sino-Iranica In the T'ang Annal
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496 Sino-Iranica Yuan H, Ibn Batata
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498 Sino-Iranica so that the Chines
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500 Sino-Iranica text to this effec
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502 Sino-Iranica study on the histo
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504 Sino-Iranica the Chinese. F. de
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506 Sino-Iranica be a product of K'
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508 Sino-Iranica The Tibetans appea
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510 Sino-Iranica The Ko ku yao lun
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512 Sino-Iranica swi H hi M st£ Wl
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514 Sino-Iranica to import the allo
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516 Sino-Iranica character pin has
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518 Sino-Iranica se-se of the T'ang
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520 Sino-Iranica Yun-nan Province.
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522 Sino-Iranica ninth and the tent
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524 Sino-Iranica Chinese learned of
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526 Pelliot. 1 Sino-Iranica by Pell
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528 Sino-Iranica of curing any dise
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530 Sino-Iranica tained in the Sui
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532 Sino-Iranica may justly be infe
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534 Sino-Iranica }ft ^ or Cu-wu Ek
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536 Sino-Iranica for staves, the sm
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538 Sino-Iranica nian, loan-word fr
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540 Sino-Iranica ("yellow plum")- 1
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542 Sino-Iranica The descriptions g
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544 Sino-Iranica or the attribution
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546 Sino-Iranica KokovT^ia, xauXtfe
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548 Sino-Iranica and Turkish, likew
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550 Sino-Iranica San-fu-ts'i (Palem
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552 Sino-Iranica judging from what
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554 Sino-Iranica sio, in the posthu
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556 Sino-Iranica ihelg as-sin ("Chi
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558 Sino-Iranica Karabacek and Hoer
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560 Sino-Iranica 1 paper bank-notes
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562 Sino-Iranica petits. . . . On l
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564 Sino-Iranica spread to Central
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566 Sino-Iranica cussed by me in tw
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568 Sino-Iranica _ The term pi-si h
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570 Sino-Iranica laws, that a Chine
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Appendix I IRANIAN ELEMENTS IN MONG
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574 Sino-Iranica possible to prove
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576 Sino-Iranica 22. Mongol Hkar, H
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578 Sino-Iranica Chinese Swi-hien ^
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Appendix III THE INDIAN ELEMENTS IN
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582 Sino-Iranica p. 54) explains th
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584 Sino-Iranica remedy." Achundow
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Appendix IV THE BASIL I propose to
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588 Sino-Iranica Ainslie, 1 the pla
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590 Sino-Iranica herb. As it is loc
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592 Sino-Iranica does not form part
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594 Sino-Iranica "exempt from taxes
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596 Sino-Iranica 18. pdVi is the co
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GENERAL INDEX The Index contains al
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Tang Annals, 469; nux-vomica of, 44
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Erdmann, F. v., 527. Esposito, M.,
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194-202; salt of the, 201; with ref
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Kwan yu ki, 201, 251, 341, 345, 489
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Mon-ku £i, 295. Mon Han lu, 229, 2
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Pott, F. A., 249, 370, 421, 503, 54
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Stuart, G. A., I95"i97. 200, 216, 2
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Ts'ai Lun, 563. Ts'ai Yin, 281 note
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Abrus precatorius 215 Acacia catech
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Jasminum officinale 329, 332 Jasmin
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INDEX OF WORDS Iranian, Indian, Mon
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yu-kin hiafi 314, 317 yu liu 282 yu
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jarak 404 kalgan 546 kaminan 465 ka
Page 455 and 456:
palanka 397 pippala 435 pippall 374
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