Sino-Iranica - The Search For Mecca

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558 Sino-Iranica Karabacek and Hoernle. 1 Let us assume for a moment that the prem- ises on which this speculation is based are correct: how could the Uigur, Persians, and Arabs make kdgad out of a Chinese kok-U (or dzi)? How may we account for the vocalization a, which persists wherever the word has taken root (Hindi kdgad, Urdu kdgaz, Tamil kdgidam, Mala- yalam kdyitam, Kannada kdgada) ?2 The Uigur and Persians, according to their phonetic system, were indeed capable of reproducing the Chinese word correctly if they so intended; in fact, Chinese loan-words in the two languages are self-evident without torturing the evidence. For myself, I am unable to see any coincidence between kok-U and kdgad. But this alleged kok-U, in fact, does not exist. The word ku, as written by Hirth, is known to every one as meaning "grain, cereals;" and none of our dictionaries assigns to it the significance "mulberry." It is simply a character substituted for kou HI (anciently *ku, without a final consonant), which refers exclusively to the paper-mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), expressed also (and this is the most common word) by c'u fit. The Pen ts'ao kan muz gives the character ku Wt on the same footing with l x u, quoting the former from the ancient dic- tionary Si min, 4 and adding expressly that it has the phonetic m, and is written also W . value of The character ku, accordingly, to be read kou, is merely a graphic variant, and has nothing to do with the word ku (*kuk), meaning "cereals." According to Li Si-cen, this word kou (*ku) originates from the language of C'u l§, in which it had the significance "milk" (%u #L); and, as the bark of this tree contained a milk-like sap, this word was *~ transferred to the tree. It is noteworthy in this connection that Ts'ai ; \ Lun, the inventor of paper in a.d. 105, was a native of C'u. The | ^dialectic origin of the word kou shows well how we have two root-words for exactly the same species of tree. This is advisedly stated by Li Si-cen, who rejects as an error the opinion that the two words should refer to two different trees; he also repudiates expressly the view that the word kou bears any relation to the word ku in the sense of cereals or rice. According to T'ao Huh-kih, the term kou U was used by the people of the south, who, however, said also £'w U; the latter word, 1 Journal Roy. As. Soc, 1903, p. 671. 2 According to Buhler (Indische Palaographie, p. 91), paper was introduced into India by the Mohammedans after the twelfth century. The alleged Sanskrit word for "paper," kayagata, ferreted out by Hoernle {Journal Roy. As. Soc, 191 1, p. 476), rests on a misunderstanding of a Sanskrit text, as has been shown by Lieut.- Col. Waddell on the basis of the Tibetan translation of this text {{ibid., 1914, pp. 136-137). 3 Ch. 36, p. 4. 4 See above, p. 201.
Irano-Sinica— Paper Persian-Arabic word. There * no rea ^ ^^^ paper was adopted by the Arabs ana r know designation of it should had from the same ^* r o£ a foreign language that was wdhng ^ffj^ Greek .Latin any designation for paper, uur w°
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#* "LI B R.AR.Y' OF THE UNIVERSITY
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Publications OF FIELD MUSEUM OF NAT
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Field Museum of Natural History Pub
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iv Contents, \{ Page Cassia Pods an
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1 86 Sino-Iranica part of which hav
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1 88 Sino-Iranica most advanced and
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ioo Sino-Iranica number of addition
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192 Sino-Iranica It has been my end
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194 Sino-Iranica scented mint is Va
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196 Sino-Iranica by the people of K
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198 Sino-Iranica Kamchatka, and the
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200 Sino-Iranica attribute Hu, it m
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202 Sino-Iranica some vaguely defin
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204 Sino-Iranica of important plant
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206 Sino-Iranica since his days Ori
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ALFALFA I. The earliest extant lite
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210 Sino-Iranica acted as mediators
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212 Sino-Iranica very well aware of
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214 Sino-Iranica *suk, stand for Za
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216 Sino-Iranica 3. Trigonella f&nu
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«i8 Sino-Iranica and Hemsley 1 giv
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THE GRAPE-VINE 2. The grape-vine (V
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222 SlNO-lRANICA age. 1 When the So
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224 Sino-Iranica vine, as we call i
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226 Sino-Iranica Hirth 1 endorsed K
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228 Sino-Iranica have applied a Per
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t$o Sino-Iranica of grape. Accordin
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232 Sino-Iranica they do not know i
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«34 Sino-Iranica A recipe for maki
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236 Sino-Iranica distilled from the
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«38 Sino-Iranica wine in the same
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240 Sino-Iranica ported from Pa-lai
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242 Tavernier 1 Sino-Iranica states
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244 Sino-Iranica but is an entirely
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THE PISTACHIO 3. Pistacia is a genu
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248 Sino-Iranica ?). Persians 3£ $
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t$o Sino-Iranica gwan, gwana, for P
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252 Sino-Iranica Again, the Persian
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THE WALNUT 4. The Buddhist dictiona
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256 Sino-Iranica The New-Persian na
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258 Sino-Iranica B.C." 1 In Hehn's
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260 Sino-Iranica of Su Tsun 1£ $t
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262 Sino-Iranica much. The tree is
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264 Sino-Iranica 3$i # 13. * Anothe
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*66 Sino-Iranica all the district a
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268 Sino-Iranica tion is quite to t
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tyo Sino-Iranica is one of the most
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272 Sino-Iranica specific case apt
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a74 Sino-Iranica abbreviated name o
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THE POMEGRANATE 5. A. de Candolle 1
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278 Sino-Iranica They take out of t
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280 Sino-Iranica are the particular
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282 Sino-Iranica are smaller and pa
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284 Sino-Iranica dana ("grain, berr
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286 Sino-Iranica likewise from Iran
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SESAME AND FLAX 6. In A. de Candoll
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290 Sino-Iranica Herodotus 1 emphas
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292 Sino-Iranica San-tan Ji $& (sou
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[ 294 Sino-Iranica (Iranians and In
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296 Sino-Iranica jS ffc (Japanese n
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298 Sino-Iranica the character swi
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THE CUCUMBER 9. Another dogma of th
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CHIVE, ONION, AND SHALLOT 10. Altho
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304 Sino-Iranica In its appearance
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306 Sino-Iranica fix approximately
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308 Sino-Iranica Ming, 1 which stat
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310 Sino-Iranica that our genus Cur
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312 Sino-Iranica fron." 1 It is bor
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314 Sino-Iranica £m and ma-lu, are
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316 Sino-Iranica with this dye. Abu
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318 Sino-Iranica The last clause me
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320 Sino-Iranica maunds, or 3200 Kh
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322 Sino-Iranica the reproduction o
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SAFFLOWER that the cultivation of (
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326 Sino-Iranica f? J£ $t, in his
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328 Sino-Iranica make abundant use
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330 Sino-Iranica that at this early
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332 Sino-Iranica Sanskrit mallikd (
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HENNA 19. It is well known that the
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336 Sino-Iranica H Ht 1 by Cou Mi f
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338 Sino-Iranica seems more likely
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340 Sino-Iranica cattle and horses.
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342 Sino-Iranica exclusively as a t
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344 Sino-Iranica of Persia, furnish
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346 Sino-Iranica bling those of an
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348 Sino-Iranica in India guzangabi
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350 Sino-Iranica yield, under the p
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352 Sino-Iranica according to his s
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354 Sino-Iranica f&tidum). 1 It is
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356 Sino-Iranica was Garcia da Orta
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358 Sino-Iranica pots and drinking
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360 Sino-Iranica pie $wo about a.d.
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362 when the Mongols Sino-Iranica i
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364 Sino-Iranica by Theophrastus: 1
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366 Sino-Iranica countered by Buhse
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368 Sino-Iranica where they are sty
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INDIGO 25. As indicated by our word
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RICE 26. While rice is at present a
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PEPPER 27. The pepper-plant (hu tsi
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SUGAR 28. The sugar-cane (Saccharum
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MYROBALAN 29. The myrobalan Termina
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BRASSICA 32. Of the two species of
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382 Sino-Iranica "Man-tsin occurs [
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384 Sino-Iranica carui), however, i
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386 Sino-Iranica and first occurs i
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388 Sino-Iranica a number of hetero
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390 Sino-Iranica giraffes. 1 It lik
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THE SPINACH 36. In regard to the sp
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394 Sino-Iranica Emperor T'ai Tsun
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396 Sino-Iranica espinaca, Portugue
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398 Sino-Iranica or Palaka 1 as the
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400 Sino-Iranica Caspian Sea and Pe
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402 Sino-Iranica kit." 1 These are
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404 Sino-Iranica gathered, and eith
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406 Sino-Iranica province of Gujara
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408 Sino-Iranica China. Bunge says
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THE FIG 42. The fig (Ficus carted)
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412 Sino-Iranica fruit on its inter
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414 Sino-Iranica comprises nearly a
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416 Sino-Iranica Schlimmer 1 says t
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4i 8 Sino-Iranica pao pen is'ao (wr
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CASSIA PODS AND CAROB 44. In his Pe
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422 Sino-Iranica When I had establi
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424 Sino-Iranica passage: the two t
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426 Sino-Iranica extent, west of th
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428 Sino-Iranica loan-word), denoti
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430 Sino-Iranica qfofalsmdn is deri
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432 Sino-Iranica are placed beneath
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434 Sino-Iranica Ferdinand Verbiest
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436 Sino-Iranica connected with our
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THE WATER-MELON 49. This Cucurbitac
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440 Sino-Iranica The man who introd
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442 Sino-Iranica fruit is inferior
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444 Sino-Iranica call it Batiec Ind
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FENUGREEK 50. In regard to the fenu
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NUX-VOMICA 51. The nux-vomica or st
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45° Sino-Iranica Services of Cochi
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452 tinued to cultivate it in Engla
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454 Sino-Iranica name HaSqdqul, whi
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456 Sino-Ira*tica According to Stua
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458 Sino-Iranica strongest evidence
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460 Sino-Iranica from a tree growin
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462 Sino-Iranica Theophrastus 1 men
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464 Sino-Iranica K'un-lun of the So
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466 Sino-Iranica product may be exp
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THE MALAYAN PO-SE AND ITS PRODUCTS
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470 Sino-Iranica and people P'o-lo-
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472 Sino-Iranica had brought tribut
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474 Sino-Iranica Lambesi; i.e., Bes
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476 Sino-Iranica king) 1 there are
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478 • Sino-Iranica The question h
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480 Sino-Iranica the countries beyo
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482 " l :2c M 3=L . Sino-Iranica Ac
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484 Sino-Iranica also in Ho-cou & '
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486 Sino-Iranica that the character
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PERSIAN TEXTILES 69. Brocades, that
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490 Sino-Iranica is not part of the
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492 Sino-Iranica and the latter a f
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494 Sino-Iranica In the T'ang Annal
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496 Sino-Iranica Yuan H, Ibn Batata
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498 Sino-Iranica so that the Chines
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500 Sino-Iranica text to this effec
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502 Sino-Iranica study on the histo
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504 Sino-Iranica the Chinese. F. de
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506 Sino-Iranica be a product of K'
Page 336 and 337: 508 Sino-Iranica The Tibetans appea
Page 338 and 339: 510 Sino-Iranica The Ko ku yao lun
Page 340 and 341: 512 Sino-Iranica swi H hi M st£ Wl
Page 342 and 343: 514 Sino-Iranica to import the allo
Page 344 and 345: 516 Sino-Iranica character pin has
Page 346 and 347: 518 Sino-Iranica se-se of the T'ang
Page 348 and 349: 520 Sino-Iranica Yun-nan Province.
Page 350 and 351: 522 Sino-Iranica ninth and the tent
Page 352 and 353: 524 Sino-Iranica Chinese learned of
Page 354 and 355: 526 Pelliot. 1 Sino-Iranica by Pell
Page 356 and 357: 528 Sino-Iranica of curing any dise
Page 358 and 359: 530 Sino-Iranica tained in the Sui
Page 360 and 361: 532 Sino-Iranica may justly be infe
Page 362 and 363: 534 Sino-Iranica }ft ^ or Cu-wu Ek
Page 364 and 365: 536 Sino-Iranica for staves, the sm
Page 366 and 367: 538 Sino-Iranica nian, loan-word fr
Page 368 and 369: 540 Sino-Iranica ("yellow plum")- 1
Page 370 and 371: 542 Sino-Iranica The descriptions g
Page 372 and 373: 544 Sino-Iranica or the attribution
Page 374 and 375: 546 Sino-Iranica KokovT^ia, xauXtfe
Page 376 and 377: 548 Sino-Iranica and Turkish, likew
Page 378 and 379: 550 Sino-Iranica San-fu-ts'i (Palem
Page 380 and 381: 552 Sino-Iranica judging from what
Page 382 and 383: 554 Sino-Iranica sio, in the posthu
Page 384 and 385: 556 Sino-Iranica ihelg as-sin ("Chi
Page 388 and 389: 560 Sino-Iranica 1 paper bank-notes
Page 390 and 391: 562 Sino-Iranica petits. . . . On l
Page 392 and 393: 564 Sino-Iranica spread to Central
Page 394 and 395: 566 Sino-Iranica cussed by me in tw
Page 396 and 397: 568 Sino-Iranica _ The term pi-si h
Page 398 and 399: 570 Sino-Iranica laws, that a Chine
Page 400 and 401: Appendix I IRANIAN ELEMENTS IN MONG
Page 402 and 403: 574 Sino-Iranica possible to prove
Page 404 and 405: 576 Sino-Iranica 22. Mongol Hkar, H
Page 406 and 407: 578 Sino-Iranica Chinese Swi-hien ^
Page 408 and 409: Appendix III THE INDIAN ELEMENTS IN
Page 410 and 411: 582 Sino-Iranica p. 54) explains th
Page 412 and 413: 584 Sino-Iranica remedy." Achundow
Page 414 and 415: Appendix IV THE BASIL I propose to
Page 416 and 417: 588 Sino-Iranica Ainslie, 1 the pla
Page 418 and 419: 590 Sino-Iranica herb. As it is loc
Page 420 and 421: 592 Sino-Iranica does not form part
Page 422 and 423: 594 Sino-Iranica "exempt from taxes
Page 424 and 425: 596 Sino-Iranica 18. pdVi is the co
Page 427 and 428: GENERAL INDEX The Index contains al
Page 429 and 430: Tang Annals, 469; nux-vomica of, 44
Page 431 and 432: Erdmann, F. v., 527. Esposito, M.,
Page 433 and 434: 194-202; salt of the, 201; with ref
Page 435 and 436: Kwan yu ki, 201, 251, 341, 345, 489
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Mon-ku £i, 295. Mon Han lu, 229, 2
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Pott, F. A., 249, 370, 421, 503, 54
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Stuart, G. A., I95"i97. 200, 216, 2
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Ts'ai Lun, 563. Ts'ai Yin, 281 note
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Abrus precatorius 215 Acacia catech
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Jasminum officinale 329, 332 Jasmin
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INDEX OF WORDS Iranian, Indian, Mon
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yu-kin hiafi 314, 317 yu liu 282 yu
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jarak 404 kalgan 546 kaminan 465 ka
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palanka 397 pippala 435 pippall 374
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