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arseeni järvisedimenteissä - arkisto.gsf.fi - Geologian tutkimuskeskus

arseeni järvisedimenteissä - arkisto.gsf.fi - Geologian tutkimuskeskus

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Arseeni Suomen luonnossa, ympäristövaikutukset ja riskit<br />

Jari Mäkinen<br />

on esiintynyt normaalia voimakkaampaa <strong>arseeni</strong>n<br />

sedimentaatiota, ja se liittyy runsaasti hiiltä, fosforia,<br />

rikkiä, rautaa ja mangaania sisältävään horisonttiin.<br />

Epäselvää on, liittyvätkö suuret As-pitoisuudet<br />

suoraan autigeenisen sul<strong>fi</strong>diaineksen syntyyn<br />

(cf. Morse et al. 1987) vai onko As mahdol-<br />

Belzile, N. & Tessier, A. 1990 . Interactions between arsenic<br />

and iron oxohydroxides in lacustrine sediments. Geochimica<br />

et Cosmochimica Acta 54, 103–109.<br />

De Vitre, R. R., Sulzberger B. & Buffle, J. 1994. Tranformation<br />

of iron at redox boundaries. Sivut 91–138 julkaisussa:<br />

Chemical and Biological Regulations of Aquatic<br />

Systems (toim. J. Buffle & R. R. De Vitre). Boca Raton, Lewis<br />

Publishers. 385 s.<br />

Dillon, P. J., Evans, H. E. & Scholer P. J. 1988. The effect of<br />

acidi<strong>fi</strong>cation on metal budgets of lakes and catchments. Biogeochemistry<br />

5, 201–220.<br />

Fuller, C. C., Davis, J. A. & Wayachunas, J. A. 1993 . Surface<br />

chemistry of ferrihydrite. Part 2. Kinetics of arsenate<br />

adsorption and co-precipitation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica<br />

Acta 57, 2271–2282.<br />

Hartikainen, A. & Nurmi, P. 1993 . Till geochemistry in gold<br />

exploration in the late Archean Hattu schist belt, Ilomantsi,<br />

Eastern Finland. Sivut 323–352 julkaisussa: Geological Development,<br />

Gold Mineralization and Exploration Methods in<br />

the Late Archean Hattu Schist Belt, Ilomantsi, Eastern Finland<br />

(toim. P. A. Nurmi & P. Sorjonen-Ward). Geological<br />

Survey of Finland, Special Paper 17. 386 p.<br />

La Force, M. J., Fendorf, S. Li, G. & Rosenzweig, R. F. 1999.<br />

Redistribution of trace elements from contaminated sediments<br />

of Lake Couer d’Alene during oxygenation. Journal Environmental<br />

Quality 28, 1195–1200.<br />

Lestinen, P. 1989. Kolkonjärven alueen geokemialliset tutkimukset<br />

vuosina 1984–1987. <strong>Geologian</strong> <strong>tutkimuskeskus</strong>,<br />

geokemian osasto. Raportti S/41/3233/1/1989. 42 s.<br />

Linge, K. L. 2002. Assessment of contaminant availability in a<br />

shallow wetland. Doctoral dissertation. The University of<br />

Western Australia, Centre for Water Research. 207 s.<br />

Luukkonen, E., Halkoaho, T., Hartikainen, A., Heino, T.,<br />

Niskanen, M., Pietikäinen, K. & Tenhola, M. 2002. Itä-<br />

Suomen arkeeiset alueet – hankkeen (12201 ja 210 500) toiminta<br />

vuosina 1992–2001 Suomussalmen, Hyrynsalmen,<br />

Kuhmon, Nurmeksen, Rautavaaran, Valtimon, Lieksan, Ilomantsin,<br />

Kiihtelysvaaran, Enon, Kontiolahden Tohmajärven<br />

ja Tuupovaaran alueella. <strong>Geologian</strong> <strong>tutkimuskeskus</strong>, <strong>arkisto</strong>raportti<br />

M19/4513/2002/1. 265 s.<br />

Morse, J. W., Millero, F. J., Cornwell, J. C. & Rickard, D.<br />

1987 . The chemistry of the hydrogen sul<strong>fi</strong>de and iron sul<strong>fi</strong>de<br />

system in natural waters. Earth Science Reviews 24, 1–42.<br />

Morse, J. W. & Luther, G. W. 1999. Chemical influences on<br />

trace metal-sul<strong>fi</strong>de interactions in anoxic sediments. Geochimica<br />

Cosmochimica Acta 63, 3373–3378.<br />

Mucci, A., Richard, L-F. & Lucotte, M. 2000. The differential<br />

geochemical behavior of arsenic and phosphorus in the<br />

water column and sediments of the Saguenay Fjord estuary,<br />

Canada. Aquatic Geochemistry 6, 293–324.<br />

Pajunen, H. 2000. Lake sediments: their carbon store and related<br />

accumulation rates. Sivut 39–69 julkaisussa: Carbon in<br />

Finnish Lake Sediments (toim. H. Pajunen). Geological Sur-<br />

88<br />

KIRJALLISUUS – REFERENCES<br />

lisesti sedimentoitunut oksidifaasin kera ja myöhemmin<br />

siirtynyt kiteytyvään sul<strong>fi</strong>diainekseen. Ympäristön<br />

kannalta ongelmallisimpia ovat pienet järvet,<br />

joissa <strong>arseeni</strong> voi esiintyä pelkistävissä olosuhteissa<br />

kolmenarvoisena ionina.<br />

vey of Finland, Special Paper 29. 92 p.<br />

Pajunen, H., Hämäläinen, L., Kankainen, T., Korpijaakko,<br />

M., Kortelainen, Lehto, O., Saarinen, T., Saarnisto, M.,<br />

Vuorenmaa, J. & Väänänen, T. 2000. Methods. Sivut 7–<br />

17 julkaisussa: Carbon in Finnish Lake Sediments (toim. H.<br />

Pajunen). Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 29,<br />

92 p.<br />

Petersen, W., Wallman, K., Li, P., Schroeder, F. & Knauth,<br />

H. D. 1995. Exchange of trace elements at the sediment-water<br />

interface during early diagenesis processes. Mar. Freshwater<br />

Research 46, 19–26.<br />

Pierce, M. L. & Moore, C. B. 1982 . Adsorption of arsenite<br />

and arsenate on amorphous iron hydroxide. Water Research<br />

16, 1247–1253.<br />

Renberg, I., Persson, M. W. & Emteryd, O. 1994. Pre-industrial<br />

atmospheric lead contamination detected in Swedish<br />

lake sediments. Nature 368, 323–326.<br />

Saarnisto, M.2000. Shoreline displacement and emergence of<br />

lake basins. Sivut 25–34 julkaisussa Carbon in Finnish lake<br />

sediments (toim. H. Pajunen). Geological Survey of Finland.<br />

Special Paper 29. 92 p.<br />

Schaller, T., Moor, H. C. & Wehrli, B. 1997 . Sedimentary<br />

pro<strong>fi</strong>les of Fe, Mn, V, Cr, As and Mo as indicators of benthic<br />

redox conditions in Baldeggersee. Aquatic Science 59, 345–<br />

361.<br />

Seyler, P. & Martin, P. 1989. Biogeochemical processes affecting<br />

arsenic species distribution in a permanently strati<strong>fi</strong>ed<br />

lake. Environmental Science and Technology 23, 1258–<br />

1263.<br />

Shaw, T. J., Gieskes, J. M. & Jahnke, R. A. 1990. Early diagenesis<br />

in differing depositional environments: The response<br />

of transition metals in pore water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica<br />

Acta 54, 1233–1246.<br />

Spliethoff, H. M., Mason, R. P. & Hemond, H. F. 1995. Interannual<br />

variability in the speciation and mobility of arsenic in<br />

a dimictic lake. Environmental Science and Technology 29,<br />

2157–2161.<br />

Thomson, J. N. C., Higgs, T. R. S., Wilson, I. W., DeLange,<br />

G. J. & VanSantvoort, P. J. M. 1995. Redistribution and<br />

geochemical behaviour of redox-sensitive elements around<br />

S1m the most recent eastern Mediterranean sapropel. Geochimica<br />

et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 3487–3501.<br />

Tikkanen, M. 1990. Suomen vesistöjen jääkauden jälkeinen<br />

kehitys. Terra 102, 39–255.<br />

Virtanen, K. 1994. Geological control of iron and phosphorus<br />

precipitates in mires of the Ruukki-Vihanti area, central Finland.<br />

Geological Survey of Finland. Bulletin 375. 9 p.<br />

Widerlund, A. & Ingri, J. 1995. Early diagenesis of arsenic<br />

in sediments of the Kalix river estuary, northern Sweden.<br />

Chemical Geology 125, 185–196.<br />

Wilkin, R. T. 2001 . Arsenic transport and fate in sul<strong>fi</strong>dic environments:<br />

As(III)–FeS interactions. GSA Annual Meeting,<br />

November 5–8, 2001. Session No. 47, paper No. 47–0.

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