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Upstairs Downstairs - Didier

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her servants remained hazy to her: it’s somehow<br />

symptomatic that Woolf always misspelled her<br />

cook’s first name as ‘Nelly’, rather than the actual<br />

Nellie. Even though they were subject to terrible<br />

mental and emotional distress, Woolf dismissed<br />

her servants’ fury or misery as hysterics, as if<br />

sensitivity only kicked in on a certain rung of the<br />

class structure. ‘I am an individual,’ Agnes Smith<br />

reproached her, ‘as unique in my way as you are<br />

in yours.’<br />

Light approaches her subject through Woolf’s most<br />

piercing relationships with her servants. Sophie<br />

Farrell, a country girl ‘brought up in the heartlands<br />

of deference’, was a mainstay of Woolf’s childhood<br />

and remained devoted to her. Lottie Hope, a volatile<br />

foundling child trained up into service, and Nellie<br />

Boxall were the servants of Woolf’s maturity.<br />

Nellie in particular drove her mistress to despair<br />

and vice versa…<br />

Reading Woolf on Nellie and, indeed, on the working<br />

class in general, it’s easy to conclude that she<br />

was a cow to work for (prejudice, Light remarks,<br />

was her default mode, even though she picked at<br />

these prejudices in her fiction). But the Woolfs and<br />

their Bloomsbury pals were, in many ways, enlightened<br />

employers. Uniforms and subservient address<br />

were discarded; the demands of formal entertaining<br />

increasingly abandoned for jolly evenings with<br />

whisky and buns. Both in the domestic and political<br />

arena, Woolf loathed authority – her widower<br />

father’s tyrannical rages remained with her – but<br />

running a household left her in a dilemma. She<br />

wanted the attentions of a servant without having<br />

to wield the authority of a mistress. As Light argues,<br />

it was considered a specifically female situation:<br />

the servant problem scrabbles at gender as well<br />

as class differences…<br />

The Bloomsburies hoped to reshape British<br />

society. But, as Light bluntly states: ‘There could<br />

never be a modernist domesticity with servants<br />

still in tow.’<br />

http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/biography/<br />

0,,2141696,00.html#article_continue<br />

[Alison Light] teases out the implications of what<br />

was clearly a complicated relationship of mutual<br />

dependence. No one reading Woolf’s diaries could<br />

fail to be struck by her fraught relationships with<br />

her servants, chiefly the manipulative Nellie Boxall<br />

and the hysterical Lottie Hope. Woolf was extremely<br />

fond of them; she despised them; she needed them<br />

desperately, and as Light demonstrates, this was<br />

absolutely reciprocal.<br />

http://www.independent.<br />

co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/mrs-woolf-andthe-servants-by-alison-light-462750.html<br />

À noter aussi l’ouvrage Mrs Woolf and the Servants;<br />

the Hidden Heart of Domestic Service (2007) d’Alison<br />

Light.<br />

– Restitution par les élèves de ce qu’ils ont compris seuls<br />

sur les événements (faits et / ou réactions). Phase rapide.<br />

Il ne s’agit pas d’entrer dans les détails mais de dire en<br />

quelques courtes phrases de quoi il s’agit. Il n’y a que<br />

pour la première entrée qu’il faut comprendre que l’écrit<br />

comporte deux parties, délimitées par l’ellipse.<br />

– Les élèves devraient pouvoir dire qu’il manque des<br />

informations. L’objectif est d’élucider ce qui peut l’être<br />

en devinant à partir du contexte. Pour guider davantage<br />

les élèves, on peut mettre le doigt sur certaines informations<br />

précises qui nécessitent des éclaircissements,<br />

comme avec l’exemple que nous avons fourni dans le<br />

manuel. Pour compléter ce type de travail, l’activité 7<br />

p. 59 de la partie Language skills pourra être proposée<br />

à la maison.<br />

3. Phase de bilan et remplissage de la Logpage.<br />

Over to you<br />

4. Transformation d’un témoignage sur un événement<br />

précis en entrée de journal intime. La Logpage permettra<br />

aux élèves de réorganiser le discours. La mise en<br />

commun sur cette activité et celle des Language skills<br />

prendra une séance.<br />

5. Sur http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/C/<br />

countryhouse/edwardianlife/timeline.html, on trouve<br />

une chronologie détaillée dont on peut retenir les dates<br />

suivantes :<br />

1901<br />

22nd January Death of Queen Victoria, aged 81, after a reign of 63 years. Edward VII succeeds to the<br />

throne.<br />

1903<br />

October Formation of the suffragette Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU).<br />

1904<br />

April<br />

Entente Cordiale signed with France.<br />

May<br />

Rolls-Royce car manufacturing company formed.<br />

November Figures released reveal that poverty is rising dramatically – 122,000 people in London and<br />

800,000 in England and Wales are in receipt of poor relief, with 250,000 in workhouses.<br />

1910<br />

21st May Death of Edward VII; succeeded by George V.<br />

Project 3 - <strong>Upstairs</strong> <strong>Downstairs</strong><br />

9

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