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Conférences Servier - GRSNC - Université de Montréal

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KALASKA, JohnTél. bureau: (514) 343-6349PhysiologieUniversité <strong>de</strong> MontréalC.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec)Fax: (514) 343-6113 Canada H3C 3J7URL site WWW:E-Mail: john.francis.kalaska@umontreal.ca URL personnel CV:KALASKA, JohnStatut universitaire / University statusProfesseur titulairePhysiologieFaculté <strong>de</strong> mé<strong>de</strong>cineUniversité <strong>de</strong> MontréalAppartenance à d'autres groupes / Affiliation with other groupsDirecteur, Groupe d'IRSC en sciences neurologiquesMembre du Centre <strong>de</strong> recherche en sciences neurologiques (CRSN)Formation / TrainingB.Sc., Université <strong>de</strong> Toronto, 1973Ph.D., Université <strong>de</strong> Toronto, Neurophysiologie et zoologie, 1979Postdoctorale, The John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Neurophysiologie, 1978-1981Orientation <strong>de</strong> la recherche•Étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s mécanismes neuronaux du cortex cérébral impliqués dans la planification et le contrôle <strong>de</strong>s mouvements <strong>de</strong> pointage visuel.•Étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s mécanismes neuronaux du cortex cérébral impliqués dans les processus décisionnels menant au choix <strong>de</strong> mouvement à faire.Principaux projets en cours:•Rôle <strong>de</strong>s neurones du cortex moteur et pariétal dans la planification <strong>de</strong>s paramètres cinématiques et cinétiques <strong>de</strong>s mouvements <strong>de</strong> pointage vers lescibles visuelles dans l’espace.•Rôle <strong>de</strong>s neurones du cortex moteur dans l’apprentissage <strong>de</strong>s nouvelles habilités motrices et dans la mémoire non-déclarative (« inverse dynamicsmo<strong>de</strong>l »).•Rôle <strong>de</strong>s neurones du cortex moteur primaire, cortex prémoteur et cortex préfrontal dans la sélection <strong>de</strong> la cible pour <strong>de</strong>s mouvements <strong>de</strong> pointage dansdifférents contextes cognitifs.•Rôle du cortex pariétal chez l’homme dans les mécanismes rapi<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> correction <strong>de</strong>s erreurs dans les mouvements <strong>de</strong> pointage en temps réel («forward mo<strong>de</strong>l »).Research orientation••Study of cerebral cortex neuronal mechanisms involved in the planning and control of visually gui<strong>de</strong>d reaching movements of the arm.•Study of cerebral cortex neuronal mechanisms involved in the early <strong>de</strong>cision processes leading to the choice of movement to make.Current research projects:•Role of neurons in the motor and parietal cortex in the planning of kinematic and kinetic parameters of reaching movements to visual targets.•Role of motor cortex neurons in the learning of new motor skills and non-<strong>de</strong>clarative memory (“inverse dynamics” mo<strong>de</strong>l).•Role of neurons in primary motor, premotor and prefrontal cortex in the selection of movement targets in different behavioural contexts.•Role of parietal cortex in humans in the rapid real-time correction for errors during reaching movements to visual targets (“forward mo<strong>de</strong>l”).Publications choisies/Selected publicationsMessier, J., and Kalaska, J.F. Covariation of primate dorsal premotor cell activity with direction and amplitu<strong>de</strong> during a memorized-<strong>de</strong>layreaching task. J. Neurophysiol., 84 :152-165, 2000.Sergio, L.E and Kalaska J.F. Systematic changes in motor cortex cell activity with arm posture during directional isometric force generation.J. Neurophysiol. 89: 212-228, 2003.Cisek, P., Crammond, D.J. and Kalaska, J.F. Neural activity in primary motor and premotor cortex in reaching tasks with the contralateralversus ipsilateral arm. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 922-942, 2003.Krouchev, N.I. and Kalaska, J.F. Context-<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt anticipation of different task dynamics: rapid recall of appropriate motor skills usingvisual cues. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 1165-1175, 2003.Cisek, P. & Kalaska, J.F. Neural correlates of mental rehearsal in dorsal premotor cortex. Nature 431: 993-996, 2004Cisek, P. & Kalaska, J.F. Neural correlates of reaching <strong>de</strong>cisions in dorsal premotor cortex: Specification of multiple direction choices and final selectionof action. Neuron 45: 901-914, 2005Sergio, L.E., Hamel-Pâquet, C. & Kalaska, J.F. Motor cortex neural correlates of output kinematics and kinetics during isometric-force and arm-reachingtasks. J. Neurophysiol. 94: 2353-2378, 2005Page 36

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