The Indonesian Budget Overview 2010 - Direktorat Jenderal ...

KEBIJAKAN PEMBATASAN SUBSIDI BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK (BBM) : POTENSI MANFAAT DAN RISIKONYA UMUMFUEL (BBM) SUBSIDY LIMITATION POLICY: ITS POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND RISKS GENERALMasyarakat PenerimaKetika Pemerintah memutuskan untukmemberikan subsidi BBM, maka lewat manapunsubsidi tersebut disalurkan, besaran dampak manfaatyang diterima oleh masyarakat sangat tergantungpada mekanisme pasar dari BBM tersebut. Selainitu, karena BBM merupakan barang yang sangatstrategis dalam arti merupakan komponen produksidari hampir semua jenis barang/jasa, maka dampakturunannya juga sangat siginifikan bagi keputusanekonomi terkait. Faktor penting yang merupakanpenentu dari besaran manfaat yang diterima tersebutadalah besaran pemakaian dari BBM beserta elastisitaspermintaan dan penawaran dari masing-masingpenerima subsidi tersebut. Terkait dengan kondisitersebut, pihak yang memakai BBM dalam volumeyang makin besar dengan permintaan yang makininelastis akan menerima manfaat yang lebih besardari subsidi. Sebaliknya, pihak yang memakai BBMdalam volume yang makin kecil dengan permintaanyang makin elastis akan menerima manfaat yanglebih kecil dari subsidi. Kondisi tersebut berlaku,baik pada sisi perusahaan selaku produsen maupunpada sisi rumah tangga selaku konsumen. Perbedaanprinsipnya, manfaat akhir yang akan diperolehperusahaan berupa keuntungan (profit), sementarayang diperoleh rumah tangga berupa kepuasan(utility). Terkait dengan kondisi tersebut, dalam subberikutnya disampaikan ilustrasi numeris mengenaidampak pengurangan subsidi, agar dapat diperolehgambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai latar belakangmengapa pembatasan subsidi sering merupakanThe Recipient CommunityWhen the Government decides to give a fuelsubsidy, then, regardless of the channel where thesubsidy is given, the amount of benefit effects to bereceived by the community highly depends on marketmechanism of that fuel. In addition to this, since fuel isa very strategic commodity in the meaning it consistsof production components from nearly all of types ofgoods/services, then it will consequently also be verysignificant for the relevant economic decision. Theimportant factor which determines the amount ofbenefits to be received is the consumption amount offuel together with the elasticity of supply and demandof the respective subsidy recipient. Related to such acondition, parties who use fuel in increasingly largervolumes with demand that is increasingly inelastic willreceive larger benefits from the subsidy. Contrarily,parties who use fuel in increasingly smaller volumeswith demand that is increasingly elastic will receivesmaller benefits from the subsidy. Such a conditionprevails both in the company side as the producerand in the household side as the consumer. Theprinciple difference is that the final benefit to beobtained by the company is in the form of profits,while the households will receive them in the formof satisfaction (utility). Related to such a condition,the next section will present numerical illustrationsconcerning the effects of subsidy reduction, in orderto obtain a clearer depiction of the background as towhy the subsidy limitation frequently constitutes a verydilemmatic decision. This illustration will be made byusing consumer hospitalization programming in the146THE INDONESIANBUDGET OVERVIEW 2010