giorgi gedeniZe
giorgi gedeniZe
giorgi gedeniZe
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dakvirvebiTi faqti, romelic mogvianebiT<br />
eqsperimentulad dadasturda. dReisaTvis<br />
kvlevis sagans warmoadgens didi afeTqebis<br />
Teoriis sawyisi etapi, is pirveladi mcire<br />
moculoba saidanac warmoiqmna samyaro.<br />
romeli wertilis irgvliv farTovdeba<br />
samyaro<br />
SekiTxva bunebrivad warmoiqmneba sityva<br />
afeTqebis gamoyenebis Sedegad. Tumca, unda<br />
aRiniSnos, rom didi afeTqebis modelSi,<br />
sivrcis gafarToeba ufro metad gvagonebs<br />
rezinis zedapiris gafarToebas buStis<br />
gabervisas, rodesac zedapiri farTovdeba<br />
yovel wertilSi (sur. 30.1).<br />
didi afeTqebis Teoria winaswarmetyvelebs<br />
samyaros sxvadasxva mdgomareobas, rodesac<br />
gafarToebis Sedegad samyaroSi ecema<br />
nivTierebis saSualo simkvrive da temperatura.<br />
Sesabamisad samyaro evoluciis ganmavobaSi<br />
gaivlis sxvadasxva epoqebs. pirobi-<br />
Tad SesaZlebelia gamoiyos ramodenime ZiriTadi epoqa.<br />
1. pirveladi epoqa (10 –44 –10 –12 wami).<br />
samyaros gafarToeba daiwyo e.w. plankis masStabebidan, rodesac samyaros<br />
asaki iyo T∼10 –44 wami da zoma L∼10 –35 metri. amaze ufro mcire manZilebze<br />
da adreul periodSi irRveva mizez–Sedegobrioba da aRar muSaoben<br />
CvenTvis cnobili fizikis kanonebi. amitom, dRevandeli warmodgenebiT,<br />
SekiTxvas ra iyo manamde ekargeba azri. xanmokle pirveladi swrafi gafarToebis<br />
Semdeg samyaros energiidan gaCnda materia. drois am moments<br />
cxeli samyaros dabadebas vuwodebT. Semdgomi gafarToebisas samyarom<br />
gaagrZela gacieba, ris Sedegadac epoqis bolos gaerTianebuli urTierTqmedebis<br />
Zalidan gamoiyo oTxi fundamenturi urTierTqmedeba: gravitaciuli,<br />
eleqtromagnituri, susti da Zlieri.<br />
2. adreuli samyaro (10 –12 wami – 380 000 weli)<br />
samyaros temperatura ecema da SesaZlebeli xdeba CvenTvis cnobili<br />
sur. 30.1. samyaros gafarToeba<br />
sqematurad SegviZlia SevadaroT<br />
rezinis buStis zedapiris<br />
gafarToebas misi gabervisas.<br />
zedapirze arsebuli wertilebi<br />
(galaqtikebi) Tanabrad Sordebian<br />
erTmaneTs. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
rezinis zedapiri farTovdeba<br />
yvela wertilSi.<br />
rekombinacia: procesi, rodesac ioni<br />
CaiWers eleqtrons da warmoiqmneba<br />
neitraluri atomi. protonis rekombinaciis<br />
Sedegad miiReba neitraluri<br />
wyalbadis atomi.<br />
elementaruli nawilakebis dabadeba.<br />
Semdgomi gaciebis periodSi<br />
warmoiqmnebian protonebi da neitronebi,<br />
romlebic mogvianebiT<br />
erTmaneTs uerTdebian da qmnian<br />
mcire raodenobiT wyalbadze mZime<br />
qimiuri elementebis birTvebs. epoqa<br />
mTavrdeba rodesac samyaros temperatura ecema 4000 kelvinamde, rodesac<br />
iwyeba wyalbadis ionebis rekombinacia da samyaro xdeba gamWvirvale.<br />
3. bneli epoqa (380 000 weli – 150 milioni weli)<br />
bnel epoqaSi nivTiereba neitraluri airis saxiTaa gavrcelebuli samyaros<br />
mTels moculobaSi. am airis temperatura imdenad dabalia, rom is<br />
aRar anaTebs, anu samyaroSi ar gvaqvs mnaTobebi. am faqtis gamo samyaros<br />
ganviTarebis am etaps bneli epoqa ewodeba.<br />
30
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