giorgi gedeniZe
giorgi gedeniZe
giorgi gedeniZe
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1. gaixseneT, rogor aRmoaCina rezerfordma atomis<br />
birTvis arseboba<br />
<br />
2. Tqveni azriT, rogor aRmovaCinoT protoni an<br />
neitroni Sedgenili nawilakia Tu martivi axseniT, ratom<br />
fiqrobT ase<br />
eleqtronebis protonebze da neitronebze gabneviT Tavdapirvelad<br />
aRmoCenili iqna am nawilakebSi eleqtruli muxtis sivrculi ganawileba,<br />
Semdeg ki gabneuli nawilakebis (eleqtronisa da neitrinos) energiis 50<br />
mgev-mde gazrdiT SeZles daedginaT wertilovani warmonaqmnebis arseboba<br />
protonebsa da neitronebSi. amgvarad dadasturda nuklonebis kvarkuli<br />
struqtura. neitroni Sedgeba ori d da erTi u kvarkisagan.<br />
<br />
3. kvarkebis ganawilebiT gansazRvreT protonis da<br />
neitronis muxti.<br />
mezoni sxvagvaradaa agebuli. yoveli mezoni Sedgeba erTi kvarkisa da<br />
erTi antikvarkisagan. magaliTad, p + -mezoni Sedgeba u-kvarkisa da d-antikvarkisagan,<br />
p - -mezoni _ d-kvarkisa da u _ antikvarkisagan.<br />
yvela adroni kvarkebisagan Sedgeba, magram maTi gaxleCa kvarkebad jerjerobiT<br />
ver moaxerxes. Tavisufali kvarkebi aRmoCenili ar aris.<br />
atombirTvi protonebisa da neitronebisagan Sedgeba (wyalbadis atomis<br />
birTvis garda). atombirTvis gaxleCa da erTi atombirTvis sxva atombirTvad<br />
gardaqmna moaxerxes.<br />
<br />
4. Tqveni azriT, ratom ver moaxerxes nuklonebis<br />
kvarkebad daSla<br />
amJamad, aseTi mosazrebac arsebobs _ Tavisufali kvarkebi bunebaSi<br />
ar arsebobs da arc SeiZleba arsebobdes. kvarks ar SeuZlia adronidan<br />
gamosvla.<br />
maRali energiis nawilakebis, magaliTad eleqtronis pozitronTan Sexlisas<br />
warmoiqmneba kvark-antikvarkis wyvili. kvarki da antikvarki gaibneva<br />
urTierTsapirispiro mimarTulebiT da TiToeuli warmoqmnis mraval adrons<br />
(upiratesad pionebs), adronebis warmoqmna kidev erTi dadasturebaa<br />
kvarkebis realurobisa. arc leptons da arc kvarks, ar gaaCnia Sinagani<br />
struqtura. am gagebiT leptoni da kvarki namdvilad elementaruli<br />
nawilakebia. zogierTi Teoriuli sakiTxis asaxsnelad iZulebuli gaxdnen<br />
SemoeRoT axali kvanturi ricxvi `feri~, ramac gazarda kvarkebis raodenoba.<br />
maga liTad, kvarki SeiZleba iyos wiTeli, mwvane da lurji, magram am<br />
sakiTxs Cven ar ganvixilavT.<br />
adronSi kvarkebi erTmaneTTan urTierTqmedeben.<br />
<br />
5. rogor fiqrobT, es urTierTqmedeba Zlieria Tu<br />
susti pasuxi daasabuTeT.<br />
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