giorgi gedeniZe
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ainStainis Teoriis mixedviT, sinaTles aqvs wyvetili struqtura:<br />
E=hn sinaTlis energiis gamosxivebuli porcia inarCunebs Tavis individualobas<br />
SemdgomSic, sinaTlis gavrcelebis procesSi. STanTqma<br />
SesaZlebelia mxolod mTeli porciis.<br />
fotoni (simbolo g) elementaruli nawilakia.<br />
1913 weli. ernest rezerfordma (1871-1937) iwinaswarmetyvela protonis<br />
arseboba.<br />
1919 weli. rezerfordma aRmoaCina protoni.<br />
atomuri birTvebis xelovnuri gardaqmna pirvelad ganaxorciela<br />
rezerfordma. birTvi sakmaod mdgradia da arc maRali temperatura, arc<br />
wneva, arc eleqtromagnituri veli elementebs ar gardaqmnis da ar axdens<br />
gavlenas radioaqtiuri daSlis siCqareze.<br />
rezerfordma ivarauda, rom birTvis daSlis an gardaqmnisaTvis saWiroa<br />
Zalian didi energia. im droisaTvis energiis gansakuTrebuli koncentrirebuli<br />
wyaro iyo radioaqtiuri daSlis dros birTvebidan gamotyorcnili<br />
a-nawilakebis energia.<br />
<br />
2. Tqveni azriT, ra moxdeba Tu a-nawilaki SeiWreba<br />
sxva elementis birTvSi<br />
pirveli birTvi, romelic xelovnurad iqna gardaqmnili iyo azotis<br />
birTvi .<br />
radiumis mier gamosxivebuli didi energiis a nawilakebiT azotis bombardirebisas<br />
rezerfordma aRmoaCina wyalbadis atomis birTvebi _ protonebi.<br />
preparatis mier gamosxivebuli 50 000 a-nawilakidan erTi Cai<br />
Wireba azotis birTviT, rac iwvevs azotis birTvis gardaqmnas Jangbadis<br />
izotopis birTvad da protonis gamotyorcnas:<br />
Semdeg, sxva mkvlevarebma aRmoaCines msubuqi birTvebis _ ftoris, natriumis,<br />
aluminis da sxva birTvebis gardaiqmnebi a-nawilakebis moqmedebiT.<br />
mZime birTvebi a-nawilakebis zemoqmedebiT gardaqmnas ar ganicdian.<br />
<br />
3. Tqven rogor fiqrobT, ratom ar ganicdida didi<br />
masuri ricxvis elementebis birTvebi gardaqmnas a-<br />
nawilakebis moqmedebiT<br />
protoni (simbolo p) elementaruli nawilakia.<br />
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