Discourses Across Thirteen Countries, New York: Cambridge University Press4. G.O'Donnell. 1998 Horisontal Accontability in New Democracies. Journal ofDemocracy, v.9, N.35. H. de Soto, The Mystery of Capital, Basik Books, 20006. Sartory, Giovanni. Comparative Constitutional Engineering. An Inquiry intoStructures, Incentives and Outcomes. London, Macmillan, 19947. Bernard Manin, The Principles of Representative Government, Cambridge UniversityPress, 19978. Jon Elster, Ways of constitution-making, in: Democracy’s Victory and Crisis, ed. byAxel Hadenius, Cambridge University Press, 19979. Th.Hnaf, Gh.Nodia. Georgia - Lurching to Democracy. From Agnostic Tolerance toPious Jacobinism: Societal Change and People's Reactions. NomosVerlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, 200010. Norberto Bobbio Democracy and Dictatorship11. Ronald Inglehart, Modernization and Postmodernization, Cultural, Economic andPolitical Change in 43 Societies, Princeton University Press, 199712. farid zaqaria, “araliberaluri talRis aRweveba”, sazogadoeba dapolitika, N3, CIPDD, Tbilisi, 20006
I kvira: Teoria da meTodologiaI mecadineobakonstitucia da politikuri institutebi liberalur,respublikur da demokratiul politikur tradiciebTanmimarTebaSijer kidev 1997 wels cnobili analitikosi farid zaqaria werda, rom msofliossul ufro da ufro met qveyanaSi “demokratiulad arCeuli reJimebi...ugulebelyofen maTi Zalauflebis konstituciur farglebs da sakuTar moqalaqeebsZiriTad uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs arTmeven” 1 . demokratizaciismesame talRam msoflioSi axali fenomeni, axali tipis reJimi warmoqmna, romelsacaraliberaluri demokratiis saxeli ewoda. am reJimma iseTi maxasiaTeblebiSeiZina, romlebic Zvel liberalur demokratiebSi ar iyo warmodgenili. Zvelidasavluri demokratiebisgan gansxvavebiT, am reJimebSi masobrivi demokratia dasayovelTao xmis ufleba ufro adre da safuZvlianad damkvidrda, vidrekonstituciuri liberalizmi: “demokratia yvavis, konstituciuri liberalizmiki — ara” 2 . sayovelTaod arCeuli, popularuli mmarTvelebi ar eridebian imas,rom parlamentebsa da konstituciis CarCoebs gverdi auaron, qveyana saprezidentobrZanebulebebiT marTon, saxelmwifo aparati opoziciisa da Tavisufalipresis winaaRmdeg gamoiyenon da adamianis konstituciuri uflebebi Selaxon.es movlenebi mraval da mraval qveyanaSia dafiqsirebuli, rogorclaTinur amerikaSi, ise yofil sabWoTa respublikebSi. regularuli da sayovelTaoarCevnebis Catareba am qveynebSi ver uzrunvelyofs kanonis uzenaesobas,korufciis SezRudvasa da karg mmarTvelobas Zalauflebis konstituciurCarCoebSi. aseTi qveynebis ricxvs saqarTveloc unda mivakuTvnoT.demokratia, konstitucionalizmi da liberalizmi araliberalur demokratiebSierTmaneTTan gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobaSi modis. saqme isaa, rom konstitucionalizmida liberalizmi, orive, arsebiTad, xelisuflebis SezRudvis,SezRuduli mmarTvelobis Teoriasa da praqtikas ganasaxiereben, xolo demokratiaxalxis umravlesobis mier arCeul liderTa xelSi Zalauflebismaqsimalur akumulirebasa da gamoyenebas eswrafvis. maSin, roca Zvel demokratiebSidemokratiis, konstitucionalizmisa da liberalizmis principebigarveul dabalansebul sistemas qmnis, axal demokratiebSi demokratiis principebiaSkarad Warbobs da Zirs uTxris liberaluri demokratiis arsebobisTvisaucilebel danarCen komponentebs 3 : “demokratiulad arCeul mTavrobebs axasiaTebTimis dajerebis tendencia, rom maT absoluturi Zalaufleba ekuTvniT,aman ki SeiZleba Zalauflebis centralizacia gamoiwvios”. 4 imave movlenas aRwersgilermo o’doneli, rodesac miuTiTebs, rom Zlier liderebs, romlebsacsjeraT, rom xalxis saxeliT laparakoben, gulwrfelad ar esmiT, ratom undadauqvemdebaron Zalaufleba konstituciur SezRudvebs, Tu maTi saqmianoba(rogorc wesi, es korufciasTan brZolas exeba), xalxisTvis sikeTis momtania 5 .1 farid zaqaria, “araliberaluri talRis aRzeveba”, sazogadoeba da politika, N3, CIPDD,Tbilisi, 2000 (Foreign Affairs, 1997, N6), gv.27.2 iqve, gv.283 gilermo o’doneli, zaqariasgan gansxvavebiT, erTmaneTs upirispirebs ara demokratiasada konstituciur liberalizms, aramed xazs usvams liberalur demokratiaSi demokratiis,liberalizmisa da respublikanizmis politikuri tradiciebis Tanaarsebobisaucileblobas. es sxvaoba midgomebSi, Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT, gadaulaxavi ar aris,Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom konstitucionalizmi swored respublikuri azrovnebisproduqts warmoadgens.4 iqve, gv. 35-365G.O'Donnell. Horisontal Accountability in New Democracies. Journal of Democracy, v.9, N.3, 19987