tariel Wanturia vikileqsi andro buaCiZe gamoRviZeba laSa ...
tariel Wanturia vikileqsi andro buaCiZe gamoRviZeba laSa ...
tariel Wanturia vikileqsi andro buaCiZe gamoRviZeba laSa ...
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12 agvisto - 1 seqtemberi 2011<br />
mkiTxveli<br />
_ batono levan, amas winaT, Tqvens<br />
Sesaxeb statia wavikiTxe. ewera, xatva<br />
oTxi wlisam daiwyo, im literaturas<br />
asuraTebda, romelsac mSoblebi<br />
ukiTxavdneno. marTla ase iyo?<br />
_ bavSvobaSi aseTi niWi mqonda _<br />
nebismieri moculobis leqss zepirad<br />
vimaxsovrebdi. dedaCemi qarTul-sparsuli<br />
enebis specialisti iyo da umetesad<br />
qarTul xalxur poezias,<br />
qarTul-iranuli eposis nimuSebs mikiTxavda.<br />
misgan vicnobdi `yaramanians~,<br />
`amiran-darejanians~, `visramians~.<br />
sagmiro Tematika bavSvisTvis, da<br />
miT ufro biWisTvis, STambeWdavia, da<br />
mec, wakiTxuls gulmodgined vasuraTebdi.<br />
raindobis Temaze moTxrobebs<br />
TviTonac vwerdi da Semdeg vxatavdi.<br />
6-7 wlis asakSi, mamaCemma moskovSi wamiyvana.<br />
iq, ucxoelebis maRaziaSi,<br />
`berZnuli miTebis~ wigni SeiZina da<br />
yovel dRe mikiTxavda. Tan, puSkinis<br />
muzeumSi davyavdi, sadac im gmirebis<br />
antikur qandakebebs miCvenebda, romlebsac<br />
miTebidan ukve vicnobdi.<br />
mogexsenebaT, puSkinis muzeumi marina<br />
cvetaevas mamis daarsebulia. axlac<br />
maxsovs, rogor idga mamaCemi muzeumis<br />
memorialur dafasTan da ivan cvetaevis<br />
Sesaxeb kiTxulobda. mogvianebiT,<br />
marina cvetaeva Cemi erT-erTi sayvareli<br />
poeti gaxda. yoveldRiurad<br />
davdiodiT muzeumSi. antikuri xelovnebis<br />
nimuSebis xilviTa da miTebis<br />
kiTxviT miRebuli STabeWdileba<br />
erTmaneTis adekvaturi iyo. vinaidan,<br />
bavSvs mibaZvis Taviseburi unari aqvs,<br />
Cems mier berZnuli qandakebebis gavleniT<br />
Seqmnili suraTebi originaluri<br />
gamodioda da sxva bavSvebis<br />
naxatebs ar hgavda. amis Semdeg ramdenime<br />
weli skolis gakveTilebi TiTqmis<br />
aRar Camtarebia, radgan maswavleblebi<br />
berZnul miTebs, `iliadasa~ da `odiseas~<br />
mayolebdnen. Cemi TanaklaselebisTvis<br />
es sruliad ucxo istoriebi<br />
iyo.<br />
roca wamovizarde, mama cdilobda<br />
inglisuri, franguli, germanuli,<br />
italiuri gamocemebi SeeZina. meubneboda,<br />
ucxo enebi Tu ar gecodineba,<br />
yru da munji iqnebio. me ki ZiriTadad<br />
rusulad vkiTxulobdi. zogjer daumalavs<br />
kidec rusuli wignebi, iqneb<br />
sxva enebze kiTxva aman mainc aiZuloso.<br />
mas surda, fizikosi gavmxdariyavi, magram<br />
mxatvrobisaken Cemma swrafvam<br />
mamis survils sZlia.<br />
_ jer isev bavSvi iyaviT, roca originaluri<br />
azrovnebisa da xelweris<br />
gamo sabWoTa cenzuram Tqveni namuSevrebi<br />
daiwuna da saerTaSoriso<br />
sabavSvo konkursSi monawileobis<br />
saSualeba ar mogcaT. garkveulwilad,<br />
es istoria literaturasac<br />
ukavSirdeba.<br />
_ daaxloebiT cxra wlis asakSi<br />
mamaCemma wamakiTxa poema indielTa<br />
Sesaxeb _ `haiavaTas simRera~. jer<br />
kidev antikuri qandakebebis STabeWdilebis<br />
qveS viyavi da radgan indielebsac<br />
ar ecvaT tansacmeli, maTTvisac<br />
sxeulis siSiSvle iyo damaxasiaTebe-<br />
levan WoRoSvili:<br />
literaturuli literaturuli gazeTi gazeTi<br />
interviu<br />
`bavSvobaSi nebismieri moculobis<br />
leqss zepirad vimaxsovrebdi~<br />
mxatvar levan WoRoSvilis ojaxis istoriaSi literaturas gansakuTrebuli adgili aqvs. mxatvris winapari<br />
xresilis cnobili omis dros solomon pirvels mimxrobia, mesxeTidan imereTSi gadasula da mefis<br />
mwerali da piradi mdivani gamxdara. iqidan moyolebuli, maTi gvaris warmomadgenlebi umetesad inteleqtualuri<br />
saqmianobiT gamoirCeodnen. maT Soris iyo mxatvris babua _ akaki wereTlis piradi eqimi, romelmac<br />
mogvianebiT akakize da sawereTlos maSindel yofaze Zalze saintereso mogonebebi dawera.<br />
mxatvris didi bebia ekaterine gabaSvili gaxldaT _ cnobili mwerali da ilia WavWavaZis Tanamoazre.<br />
batoni levanis dedas Tvramet wlamde ekaterine zrdida. mweralTa kavSiris pirveli Tavmjdomare kote<br />
mayaSvili maT ojaxs siZed ekuTvnoda. batoni levanis meore babuam, konstantine <strong>andro</strong>nikaSvilma, ganaTleba<br />
sorbonis universitetSi miiRo, dramaturgiasa da reJisuraSi muSaobda, kinematografistTa kavSiris<br />
erT-erTi pirveli Tavmjdomare gaxldaT, mwerlobda kidec. molieri pirvelad man Targmna qarTulad.<br />
1924 wels, roca bolSevikuri reJimi <strong>andro</strong>nikaSvilebs sastikad gausworda, konstantine safrangeTSi yofnis gamo gadaurCa daxvretas. 1937<br />
wels ki, meuRlis naTesavma Seatyobina, dapatimrebas gipirebeno da Tavadi <strong>andro</strong>nikaSvili farulad gaerida safrTxes. darCenili cxovreba<br />
volgispireTSi gaatara, qalaqidan qalaqSi gadadioda.<br />
amgvari istoriis mosmenisas, warmovidgine, rom batoni levanis saojaxo biblioTeka Zveli gamocemebiTa da unikaluri xelnawerebiT<br />
iqneboda mdidari. Tumca miTxra, dedis ojaxis wevrTa devnis gamo, maTi wignebidan mxolod mcire nawili SemogvrCao.<br />
li, advili gaxda CemTvis maTi formalurad<br />
dakavSireba elinur plastikasTan.<br />
haiavaTac davasuraTe _ mTeli<br />
seria, sadac mwvane da wiTeli indielebi<br />
erTmaneTs ebrZodnen da mas<br />
`balaxisa da cecxlis brZola~ davarqvi.<br />
Cvens ojaxs xSirad stumrobdnen<br />
mxatvrebi, maT CaTvales, rom `balaxisa<br />
da cecxlis brZola~ abstraqtuli<br />
azrovnebis erTgvari nimuSi iyo da namuSevari<br />
momiwones. sabWoTa periodSi<br />
xom yvelaferi abstraqtuli ikrZaleboda;<br />
albaT, Cemma naxatebma ufrosebis<br />
yuradReba amitomac miiqcia. gadawyvites,<br />
namuSevari kanadis saerTa-<br />
Soriso konkursze waredginaT, magram<br />
cenzuram wiTeli indielebi bolSevikebs<br />
daukavSira, CaTvala, rom ar Sei-<br />
Zleboda wiTlebs mwvaneebTan<br />
ebrZolaT da naxati konkursze ar<br />
gaigzavna. amis Sesaxeb mamaCems pirdapir<br />
uTxres. ase rom, bavSvobidanve vicodi,<br />
rom cenzura ebrZoda mxatvrobas.<br />
_ Tqveni azriT, norCi mkiTxvelis<br />
literaturul gemovnebas ramdenad<br />
gansazRvravs is pirveli wignebi,<br />
romelsac mas ufrosebi awvdian?<br />
_ dRes gacilebiT xelmisawvdomia<br />
sabavSvo literatura, arCevani didia.<br />
Cems bavSvobaSi ase ar iyo. maxsovs,<br />
sadRac amovikiTxe, rom CrdiloeT<br />
koreas diqtatorma gadawyvita gamoeca<br />
da mosaxleobisTvis gaecno diumas<br />
`sami muSketeri~ da Jiul vernis<br />
romeliRac saTavgadasavlo romani.<br />
sabWoTa kavSirSic igive mdgomareoba<br />
iyo _ ama Tu im ucxoel mwerals raime<br />
politikuri principiT gamoarCevdnen<br />
da amis Semdeg, mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi<br />
mxolod im mwerlis Semoqmedeba iTargmneboda,<br />
mxolod mas gamoscemdnen,<br />
kiTxulobdnen, masze saubrobdnen. ase<br />
gaicno mosaxleobam remarki, Semdeg<br />
heminguei, folkneri... magram amas literaturul<br />
ganaTlebas ver daarqmevdi,<br />
es verc mkiTxvelis literaturul<br />
gemovnebas ganaviTarebda. igive mdgomareoba<br />
iyo mxatvrobaSi, musikaSi, mecnierebaSic<br />
ki.<br />
maxsovs, mamaCemis erTma amerikelma<br />
megobarma literaturuli Jurnali<br />
gamogviwera. misi saSualebiT uaxlesi<br />
literaturuli procesebisTvis Tvalis<br />
midevneba SeiZleboda. periodul<br />
gamocemas ramdenime weli Seuferxeblad<br />
viRebdiT. rogorc Cans, cenzuram<br />
masSi safrTxe ver dainaxa.<br />
_ marina cvetaeva axseneT, Cemi<br />
erT-erTi sayvareli poeti ariso.<br />
erTxans, sabWoTa cenzura mis Semoqmedebasac<br />
krZalavda.<br />
_ simarTlea yvelaferi, rac<br />
akrZalulia _ es aris Cemi, rogorc<br />
xelovanis kredo. tyuils aravin<br />
akrZalavs. iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa<br />
xelovneba, literatura, mecniereba,<br />
tyuili sakuTar Tavs TviTonve gaaba-<br />
Tilebs. adamianebi iolad mxolod<br />
sulelur tyuils ijereben. amitom,<br />
roca raime mkacrad akrZalulia, is<br />
aucileblad aris simarTle, da raki<br />
simarTlea, maSasadame xelovnebis<br />
obieqtia, radgan xelovneba, rodenis<br />
TqmiT _ da amas sxva didi mxatvrebic<br />
ambobdnen _ aris simarTlis, WeSmaritebis<br />
samsaxuri. cvetaevas imitomac<br />
devnidnen, rom poeti Sinaganad marTali<br />
iyo, Tavis nawerebSic arasodes<br />
tyuoda. ra mizeziT unda aekrZalaT<br />
misi Semoqmedeba? miTologiaze, siyvarulze,<br />
adamianur urTierTobebze<br />
werda. garda amisa, velimir xlebnikovis,<br />
ilia zdaneviCisa Tu sxvaTagan gansxvavebiT,<br />
is ar yofila ukiduresi<br />
avangardisti. ase rom, cvetaevas Semoqmedebis<br />
akrZalvis mizezi WeSmaritebis<br />
siyvaruli iyo. gaxsovT is leqsi,<br />
sikvdilis Semdeg pasternakma rom miuZRvna?<br />
amgvar miZRvnebSi xom, rogorc<br />
wesi, imaze weren, rac adamians sicocxleSi<br />
gansakuTrebiT gamoarCevda, rac<br />
damaxasiaTebeli iyo misTvis. magali-<br />
Tad, axmatovam pasternakze Tqva, mas<br />
mTeli buneba memkvidreobiT ergoo.<br />
pasternaki ki cvetaevaze werda: `Ëèöîì<br />
ïîâ¸ðíóòàÿ ê Áîãó, òû òÿíåøüñÿ ê Íåìó ñ<br />
Çåìëè~. maxsovs, samxatvro akademiis<br />
studentTa garkveuli wre akrZalul<br />
literaturas vkiTxulobdiT, maSin<br />
pirvelad movismine cvetaevas yvelaze<br />
akrZaluli leqsebis seria `Ëåáåäèííûé<br />
ñòàí~, sadac TeTrgvardielebze, maT<br />
winaswar ganwirul raindul sulze ewera.<br />
polonelebs aseTi gamoTqma aqvT<br />
_ dideba damarcxebulebs! maTi qveynis<br />
istoriuli warsuli Zalian hgavs<br />
saqarTvelos istorias. cvetaevasTvisac,<br />
romelsac deda naxevrad<br />
poloneli hyavda, gansakuTrebiT axlobeli<br />
iyo amgvari damokidebuleba<br />
damarcxebulis, daCagrulis mimarT.<br />
damarcxebuli _ Tundac imitom, rom<br />
is devnilia, simarTlisTvis ewama _<br />
yovelTvis axlos dgas qristianul<br />
WeSmaritebasTan. simarTle ki orive<br />
mxares aqvs. cvetaeva werda TeTri<br />
armiis oficrebze, glexebze, samRvdeloebaze,<br />
Zvel moskovze _ yvelaze da<br />
yvelaferze, rasac bolSevizmi anadgurebda<br />
da risi damcvelebic ganwirulni<br />
iyvnen damarcxebisTvis.<br />
_ Tqveni Semoqmedebac xom imave<br />
simarTlezea agebuli. Tqven<br />
yovelTvis xatavdiT im saxeebs, vis<br />
mimarTac Seuwynarebeli iyo komunisturi<br />
reJimi, radgan es saxeebi<br />
qarTul suls, Sinagan kulturas asxivebda.<br />
xatavdiT im Tbiliss, romelic<br />
ase Sors iyo sabWoTa realizmisgan<br />
da warsulSi abrunebda adamianebs.<br />
_ maxsovs, guram asaTiani Jurnal<br />
`literaturnaia gruzias~ redaqtorad<br />
rom dainiSna, viRac rusi TeTrgvardieli<br />
poetis leqsebi miutanes<br />
dasabeWdad. meubneboda: `ra vqna, es<br />
leqsebi rom davbeWdo, momedavebian,<br />
saqarTvelosTan am poets ra kavSiri<br />
aqvs? xom ar vetyvi, TeTrgvardielia<br />
da esaa misi kavSiri saaqarTvelos-<br />
Tano?!~ maSin Zalian axalgazrda viyavi,<br />
Sinaganad vxvdebodi ras gulisxmobda<br />
gurami, magram mindoda racionalurad<br />
gameazrebina misi sityvebi.<br />
13<br />
saqme isaa, rom TeTrgvardielebi istoriuli,<br />
monarqiuli, aristokratiuli<br />
kulturis matareblad miiCneodnen.<br />
qarTuli eTnosic am kulturis<br />
matarebelia. amitomac, igi mudam<br />
upirispirdeboda bolSevizms. cxadia,<br />
am SemTxvevaSi glexobasTan dapirispirebas<br />
ar vgulisxmob. piriqiT, aristokratiaSi<br />
feodaluri xanis _ memamulur-glexuri<br />
_ kultura moiazreba.<br />
raki saqarTveloSi, da nawilobriv<br />
ruseTSic, burJuaziuli fena SedarebiT<br />
gvian dawinaurda, qarTuli eTnosi<br />
didxans rCeboda aristokratiulad.<br />
amitomac, sabWoTa wlebSi devnidnen<br />
da krZalavdnen yvelafers, rac<br />
aristokratiulobis niSans atarebda.<br />
es ki iyo qristinuli sarwmunoeba,<br />
qarTuli ena, erovnuli samosi, Suasaukuneebis<br />
kedlis mxatvroba, xalxuri<br />
folklori. maxsovs, pirvelad<br />
ojaxuri portretebi rom davxate,<br />
miTxres, namuSevrebi aravis aCveno,<br />
menSevikebi dagixatavs da dagiWereno.<br />
ratom iyvnen menSevikebi? radgan Zveli<br />
qarTuli samosi ecvaT?! gamomdinare<br />
Cemi kredodan, rom rac akrZalulia<br />
_ WeSmaritebaa da maSasadame<br />
xelovnebaa, amis mxatvrulad gaazreba<br />
daviwye da socialistur realizms<br />
qarTuli fenomeni davupirispire. gadavwyvite<br />
socrealizms aramxolod<br />
formiT, aramed ideologiuradac<br />
davpirispirebodi. amitomac, 1975-dan<br />
moyolebuli, aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi,<br />
Tuki rame Rirebuli Sevqmeni, im periodSi<br />
Sevqmeni. gamofenebSi monawileobis<br />
saSualeba erTxelac ar momces,<br />
Cems namuSevrebs arsad iRebdnen.<br />
_ dRes, roca wignis didi arCevania,<br />
roca avtorebi aRar ikrZalebian,<br />
ra mimarTulebis literaturas<br />
kiTxulobT?<br />
_ roca aseTi arCevania, SeuZlebelia<br />
yvelaferi waikiTxo. me da albaT<br />
yvela im adamians, romelsac CemsaviT<br />
ufiqria mwerlobaze, literaturaze,<br />
survili hqonia swored literaturul<br />
procesebs mihyoloda, uamravi<br />
mizezis gamo dro aRar rCeba araprofesiuli<br />
literaturis sakiTxavad.<br />
aris wignebi, razec msmenia, mifiqria,<br />
risi wakiTxvac minda, magram zogi ver<br />
viSove, zogi Zviria, an kiTxvisTvis ver<br />
movicale. ise, yovelTvis vcdilobdi,<br />
yvela mimarTulebis literatura mekiTxa.<br />
_ Tanamedrove qarTuli literaturis<br />
nimuSebs ramdenad icnobT?<br />
_ zogs vicnob, zogs _ ara. raRac<br />
momwons, raRac _ naklebad. vfiqrob,<br />
bevr mwerals weris kargi teqnika da<br />
saintereso Temebi aqvs. imisTvis, rom<br />
Tanamedrove qarTul mwerlobaze<br />
garkveuli azri Camogiyalibdes, mxolod<br />
wakiTxva ar kmara, dro unda gavides<br />
_ drois da epoqis Sefaseba<br />
moxdes da gamoCndes, am mwerlobam ra<br />
Tqva, ra ar Tqva an, risi Tqma ver moaxerxa.<br />
esaubra Tamar Juruli
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