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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
saqarTvelos istoriis<br />
mixeil basilaZe<br />
24<br />
mixeil basilaZe<br />
gagrZeleba. dasawyisi<br />
ix. „qronika+”~##3-15.<br />
ruseTis imperiaSi dawyebulma<br />
uzarmazarma politikurma ryevebma<br />
1917 wlis noembris gazeTeb-<br />
Si TiTqmis mTlianad mospo sxva<br />
saxis informacia. SeiaraRebuli<br />
gadatrialebis Sedegad xelisuf-<br />
lebis saTaveSi bolSevikebi damkvidrdnen;<br />
daemxo ruseTis droe-<br />
biTi mTavroba; amierkavkasiaSi<br />
gaCnda damoukidebeli saxelmwi-<br />
fos pirveli niSnebi; erovnuli<br />
interpartiuli sabWos iniciativiT<br />
saqarTveloSi Seiqmna erovnuli<br />
sabWo. mokled, 1917 wlis noem-<br />
bris ambebs Tu Tvals gadavavl-<br />
ebT naTlad gamoCndeba, rom es<br />
iyo gadamwyveti momenti ara mar-<br />
to ruseTis imperiisTvis, aramed<br />
kavkasiis regionisTvisac.<br />
mivyveT yvelafers Tanmimdev-<br />
robiT:<br />
bolSevikuri gadatrialeba<br />
1917 wlis 25 oqtombers bolSevikurma<br />
partiam petrogradSi SeiaraRebuli<br />
amboxi moawyo da zam-<br />
Tris sasaxle aiRo. partiuli aqtivis<br />
garda amboxSi monawileobdnen<br />
sajariso nawilebic. bolSevikuri<br />
agitaciiT jariskacebi imdenad<br />
iyvnen mowamlulebi, rom SeiaraRebuli<br />
gadatrialebis dros<br />
leninis partiis mowodebaze quCa-<br />
Si mTeli polkebi gamovida. jariskacTa<br />
mxardaWera gadamwyveti aRmoCnda.<br />
omis Sewyvetisa da demobilizaciis<br />
perspeqtiviT moxiblulma<br />
jariskacebma advilad daZlies<br />
samTavrobo Zalebis susti winaa-<br />
Rmdegoba da zedized daikaves qalaqis<br />
yvela sakvanZo da strategiuli<br />
obieqti. janyis dawyebidan<br />
sul ramdenime saaTSi, amboxebulebi<br />
zamTris sasaxlis garda, ukve<br />
akontrolebdnen fosta-telegrafis<br />
Senobas, sarkinigzo sadgurs,<br />
samxedro sawyobebs, xidebs, qalaq-<br />
Si Sesasvlel magistralebs.<br />
qarTul presaSi bolSevikuri<br />
gadatrialebis Sesaxeb pirveli<br />
cnobebi noembris dasawyisSi, anu<br />
petrogradSi datrialebuli movlenebidan,<br />
daaxloebiT, erTi<br />
kviris Semdeg gaCnda.<br />
2 noembris gazeTi „saqarTvelo”<br />
pirvel statias aqveynebs, romelsac<br />
saxelad „revolucia da<br />
bolSevikebi” hqvia: „ramdenime<br />
dRea, rac Cveni qveyana mowyvetilia<br />
ruseTze, ar viciT ra xdeba petrogradSi.<br />
viciT mxolod, bolSevikebma<br />
zarbaznebis da Tofebis<br />
saSualebiT aiRes sazamTro sasaxle,<br />
sadac scxovrobs uzenaesi mxedarTmTavari<br />
da sadac droebiT<br />
mTavrobis ministrebi saTaTbirod<br />
ikribebian.<br />
telegrafis saagentom mxolod<br />
moaswro ecnobebina, rom bolSevikebma<br />
daatusaRes ministrebi da<br />
kerenski, romelic im dros jarSi<br />
yofila, jars miuZRveba petrogradis<br />
asaRebaTo da amaze Seswyda<br />
cnobebi saagentosi, merme mavTuli<br />
gadagviWres”.<br />
amave nomerSi gazeTi vrcel mimoxilvas<br />
uZRvnis leninis partias<br />
da im mizezebs mimoixilavs, romelmac<br />
xeli Seuwyo bolSevikebis<br />
SeiaraRebul gamosvlasa da quCa-<br />
Si xalxis gamoyvanas. statiaSi aRniSnulia,<br />
rom komunistebi omisa<br />
da gaWirvebisgan daRlil mosaxleobas<br />
yvela problemis mogvarebas<br />
hpirdebodnen. am dapirebebs<br />
Soris ki pirveli adgili msoflio<br />
omidan ruseTis gamosvla da Raribi<br />
mosaxleobisTvis miwis darigebas<br />
ekava: „zavi didi koziria leninis<br />
xelSi, ise mosZulda yvelas<br />
omi, ise moabezra man yvelas Tavi,<br />
rom iginic ki, vinc ar TanaugrZnoben,<br />
uneblieT gahyveba lenins,<br />
oRond man zavi Camoagdos da mSier<br />
ojaxs marCenali daubrunos.<br />
leninma daamtkica, rom igi niWieri<br />
meamboxea, man kargad icis rogori<br />
mimzidvelia gauTavebel omisgan<br />
damSvral xalxisTvis misi lozungi:<br />
zavi, zavi da kidev zavi! mkiTxvels<br />
exsomeba, ra siswrafiT moedva<br />
leninis moZRvreba mdabio xalxs<br />
da ra TanagrZnoba gamoiwvia misma<br />
dapirebam kerZo mesakuTreebis<br />
uZrav-qonebis glexebze usasyidlod<br />
gadasacemad. leninma da misma<br />
megobrebma mdabio xalxs mada<br />
gauxsnes. „Tu Cven gviwamebT da gamogvyvebiT,<br />
_ eubneodnen isini<br />
glexebs da jaris kacebs, _ Tqveni<br />
iqneba ruseTis Tvaluwvdeneli<br />
velebi da mdinareebi da masTan<br />
dauyovnebeli zavio”. leninis mopirdapireni<br />
ki uqadagebdnen xalxs:<br />
„Tqvengan mopovebuli Tavisufleba<br />
bednierebas daamyarebs ruseT-<br />
Si, magram am bednierebis SesarCenad<br />
saWiroa omi bolomdis miviyvanoT,<br />
rom mtrebi vaiZuloT miiRos<br />
zavis is pirobebi, romelic<br />
CvenTvis sasurveliao”.<br />
leninis lozungebi da misi dapirebebi<br />
xalxisTvis ufro mimzidveli<br />
iyo, „raT minda bedniereba,<br />
Tu me ar viqnebi, an ra bednierebaa,<br />
romelsac me ver vigrZnob”, _<br />
hfiqrobda igi da myisve ubruna<br />
zurgi mTavrobas da gahyva lenins...”<br />
2 noembers gazeTi aqveynebs informacias,<br />
romlis mixedviTac<br />
kargad Cans, rom petrogradSi qu-<br />
Cis brZolebi mimdinareobda. 29<br />
noembers iunkerTa saswavleblis<br />
kursantebma telegrafis sadguri<br />
daikaves, ris Semdegac bolSevikebma<br />
Senobis Sturmi gadawyvites.<br />
iunkerTa Senobidan gamodevna wiTlebma<br />
mxolod artileriis daxmarebiT<br />
SeZles. mTel qalaqSi<br />
zarbaznebis gamayruebeli kanonada<br />
da tyviamfrqvevTa kakani ismoda.<br />
pirvel rigSi, leninis partia<br />
im samxedro saswavleblebis damorCilebas<br />
cdilobda, romlebmac<br />
bolSevikebs Ria winaaRmdegoba<br />
gauwies: dabombes vladimiris samxedro<br />
saswavlebeli, brZola midioda<br />
pavles saswavlebelTan. petrogradi<br />
danarCeni ruseTisgan<br />
mowyvetili aRmoCnda. ar muSaobda<br />
fosta-telegrafi, ar muSaobda<br />
maRaziebi. xelisufleba aRar<br />
arsebobda. ruseTSi xangrZlivi<br />
qaosisa da samoqalaqo dapirispirebis<br />
epoqa daiwyo.<br />
gazeTi „saqarTvelo”. 1917 wlis<br />
9 noemberi: „dilis 7 saaTze vladimiris<br />
samxedro saswavlebels<br />
jarma da wiTel gvardielebma alya<br />
Semoartyes da iunkerebs winadadeba<br />
misces danebebuliyvnen.<br />
ultimatumi iunkerebma ar miiRes.<br />
astyda mkacri srola, romelic 4<br />
saaTs gagrZelda. wiTel gvardielebs<br />
tyviis mfrqvevelebic hqoniaT.<br />
Tavs damsxmelebma 3 diumiani<br />
zarbazani moitanes. zarbaznebis<br />
ramdenime gasrolis Semdeg iunkerebma<br />
srola Seswyvites. Tof momarjvebuli<br />
wiTel gvardielebi<br />
maSinve gaeqannen saswavleblis Sesavalisken,<br />
magram, Casafrebuli<br />
iunkerebi mkacri sroliT Sexvdnen.<br />
amis Semdeg rogorc erT mebrZols<br />
ganucxadebia, wiTel gvardielebs<br />
„qariSxliseburi” srola<br />
autexiaT”. mesame saaTze iunkerebma<br />
TeTri bairaRi aRmarTes. danebebulT<br />
wiTel gvardielebi dahpirdnen,<br />
rom maT daicaven brbos<br />
TviT gasamarTlebisgan, magram<br />
gauyenes Tu ara iunkerebi petrepavles<br />
cixis gzas, TviT kanvoirebma<br />
daiwyes iunkerebis TviT gasamarTleba<br />
da ar daindves. mokluli<br />
da daWrili 200-mdea. brbom<br />
gacarcva vladimiris saswavleblis<br />
sawyobebi”.<br />
1917 wlis<br />
amierkavkasiis komisariati<br />
ruseTSi bolSevikebis mosvlisa<br />
da droebiTi mTavrobis damxobis<br />
Semdeg yofili imperiis periferiebSi<br />
Zalaufleba dakarges droebiTi<br />
mTavrobis warmomadgenlobebma.<br />
ra Tqma unda, es cvlileba Seexo<br />
amierkavkasiis regionsac. 19<br />
noembers gazeT „saqarTveloSi”<br />
gamoqveynebuli cnobis mixedviT,<br />
tfilisSi SeCerda ozakomis, igive<br />
amierkavkasiis sagangebo komitetis<br />
muSaoba.<br />
moyvanilia ozakomis sagangebo<br />
sxdomis dadgenileba am organos<br />
gauqmebis Sesaxeb: „radganac petrogradTan<br />
da droebiT mTavrobasTan<br />
urTierToba Seswyda, Sesdga<br />
amier kavkasiis saolqo mTavroba.<br />
davadgineT: mxedvelobaSi viRebT<br />
politikur momentis mZime pirobebs,<br />
agredve gauqmebas ruseTis<br />
centralur mTavrobisas, romlis<br />
rwmunebulebiTac Cven vmoqmedobdiT,<br />
da Cven, amier kavkasiis sagangebo<br />
komitetis wevrebma davadgineT<br />
xeli aviRoT Cvens Tanamdebobaze,<br />
vinaidan ukve Sesdga amierkavkasiis<br />
saolqo axali mTavroba.<br />
amier kavkasiis sagangebo<br />
komitetis wevrni: Cxenkeli, papajanovi<br />
da jafarovi”.<br />
amierkavkasiaSi axali mTavroba<br />
Camoyalibda, romelsac amierkavkasiis<br />
komisariati erqva. 11 noembers<br />
TbilisSi sagangebo TaTbiri<br />
Sedga, romelmac amierkavkasiaSi<br />
droebiTi mTavrobis mowyobis sakiTxi<br />
ganixila. gazeTis informaciiT<br />
es TaTbiri dilis 11 saaTze<br />
saxalxo saxlSi daiwyo, romelsac<br />
evgeni gegeWkori xelmZRvanelobda.<br />
TaTbirSi monawileobda regionSi<br />
moqmedi yvela woniani politikuri<br />
partia: social-demokratebi,<br />
bolSevikebi, social-revolucionerebi,<br />
daSnakebi, socialfederalistebi,<br />
mahmadianTa demokratiuli<br />
organizaciebi. maT garda<br />
TaTbirs eswrebodnen agreTve<br />
profesiul kavSirTa da kooperativebis<br />
warmomadgenlebi, kavkasiis<br />
armiis deputatebi, muSaTa da<br />
jariskacTa deputatis sabWos aRmasrulebeli<br />
komitetis wevrebi.<br />
sxdoma kavkasiis mxedrobis komisar<br />
donskois sityviT gaixsna,<br />
romelmac aRniSna, rom bolSevikebis<br />
SeiaraRebuli gamosvlis Semdeg<br />
ruseTi anarqiam moicva da<br />
qveynis momavali metad bundovnad<br />
gamoiyureboda. amierkavkasia centrs<br />
mowyda da amitom donskoim winadadeba<br />
wamoayena regionSi droebiTi<br />
mTavrobis Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb.<br />
donskois sityva bolSevikma<br />
filipe maxaraZem gaaprotesta da<br />
ganacxada, rom ruseTSi araviTari<br />
qaosi da samoqalaqo dapirispireba<br />
ar arsebobs da iq mxolod kontrrevolucias<br />
uswordebiano. Semdeg<br />
sxdomaze sityva noe Jordaniam<br />
aiRo da social-demokratiuli<br />
partiis saxeliT gancxadeba gaake-<br />
Ta, rom misi partia iziarebs donskois<br />
winadadebas amierkavkasiis<br />
mTavrobis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. Jordanias<br />
azriT es iqneboda droebiTi<br />
mTavroba da is regionSi gadaWrida<br />
finansur, sasursaTo da sxvadasxva<br />
sakiTxs. Jordanias sityvas<br />
sxdomaze taSiT Seegebnen.<br />
18 noembers gazeT „saqarTveloSi”<br />
ukve amierkavkasiis droebiTi<br />
mTavrobis, igive amierkavkasiis komisariatis<br />
sruli Semadgenloba<br />
gamoqveynda. aqve mocemuli iyo komisariatis<br />
brZanebac: „kavkasiis<br />
komisariatma giorgobisTvis 15-is<br />
TariRiT Semdegi brZaneba gamosca:<br />
politikur momentis gansakuTrebul<br />
pirobebis da central saer-<br />
To saxelmwifo mTavrobis uqonlobis<br />
gamo giorgobisTvis 15-dan<br />
Cven amisa qvemoxelis momwerni komisariatis<br />
wevrebi SevudeqiT<br />
TavTavianT Tanamdebobis asrulebas.<br />
kavkasiis komisariats eniWeba<br />
sruli saxelmwifoebrivi ufleba<br />
mosileba amier-kavkasiis sazRvrebSi.<br />
xsenebul komisariats emor-<br />
Cilebian yvela samTavrobo dawesebulebani<br />
da amier-kavkasiis sxva da<br />
sxva moxeleni. winadadebas va-<br />
24 N16 (237) 15.05-21.05.2018 w.
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