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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
nasaxlarebad qceuli mTis soflebi<br />
mTa dedamiwis mxolod SemaR-<br />
ana uruSaZe<br />
lebuli nawili araa. is, jer<br />
kidev, uZvelesi droidan iqcev-<br />
da adamianis yuradRebas. pirveli nasaxlarebi xom swored<br />
mTaSi gaCnda, Tumca dRes Cvens qveyanaSi, sxva mravalis ms-<br />
gavsad, es procesic gaukuRmarTebulia. piriqiT, xdeba migra-<br />
cia da SromiTi Zalebis gadanawilebac.<br />
1:0 baris sasargeblod. mraval-<br />
Wirnaxulsa da odiTgan Cvens myar<br />
zRuded qceul mTas ki mxolod<br />
dacarielebuli soflebiRa rCeba<br />
uwindeli didebis mosagonrad.<br />
2016 wlis monacemebiT saqarTveloSi<br />
dacarielebuli soflebis<br />
raodenoba 162-dan 223-mde gaizarda.<br />
2017 wlisTvis am maCvenebelma<br />
kidev ufro moimata. saerTo jam-<br />
Si, saqarTvelos masStabiT, daaxloebiT,<br />
250 sofelSi 10 da 10-ze<br />
naklebi adamiani cxovrobs, amdenive<br />
sofeli ki mTlianad dacarielebulia.<br />
cnobisTvis:<br />
saqarTveloSi,<br />
daaxloebiT, 4700 sofelia.<br />
ramdenad sagangaSoa es ricxvi?<br />
soflebis saerTo raodenobis<br />
fonze amdeni dacarielebuli an<br />
sruliad gaukacrielebuli sofeli<br />
sakmaod maRali da arasaxarbielo<br />
maCvenebelia.<br />
saqarTvelos parlamentma 2015<br />
wlis 16 ivliss miiRo kanoni „ma-<br />
RalmTiani regionebis ganviTarebis<br />
Sesaxeb”, romelic iTvaliswinebs<br />
sxvadasxva socialur da<br />
sagadasaxado SeRavaTs.<br />
maRalmTian regionebSi mosaxleobis<br />
SesanarCuneblad sakanonmdeblo<br />
organom „mTis kanonic” ki<br />
miiRo, romelic soflad dasaxlebulTaTvis<br />
Sesabamisi pirobebis<br />
Seqmnas gulisxmobs.<br />
Tumca soflebidan moqalaqeTa<br />
urbanul centrebSi gadabargebis<br />
SeCereba mainc ver moxerxda. Sesabamisad,<br />
aseulobiT sofeli gaukacrielda<br />
an ramdenime moqalaqis<br />
imedad darCa.<br />
Sida migraciis tendencia, romelic<br />
Cveni qveynis erT-erTi mwvave<br />
da aqtualuri problemaa, gansakuTrebiT<br />
saqarTvelos maRalm-<br />
Tian regionebSi SeimCneva. amis mizezebi<br />
kompleqsuria da Sesabamisad<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebasa da<br />
saerTo strategias saWiroebs, romelic<br />
mimarTuli iqneba problemis<br />
yvela aspeqtisken.<br />
swored zemoT xsenebuli mTis<br />
kanoni gansazRvravs am masStaburi<br />
problemis prevenciis gzebsa da im<br />
konkretul nabijebs, romelic<br />
mTidan migraciis Seuqcevadi procesis<br />
dasaregulireblad unda gadaidgas.<br />
es kanoni aseve gansazRvravs<br />
Tavad teritoriisTvis mTis<br />
statusis miniWebis sakiTxsac.<br />
kanonis mixedviT, maRalmTian<br />
dasaxlebad miiCneva teritoria,<br />
romelic zRvis donidan 1500 metris<br />
simaRleze an mis zeviT mdebareobs.<br />
garda amisa, saqarTvelos<br />
mTavroba uflebamosilia sxvadasxva<br />
kriteriumis (mTis ferdobis<br />
daxriloba, infrastruqturis<br />
mdgomareoba, klimaturi pirobebi<br />
da bunebrivi garemo, sasoflosameurneo<br />
daniSnulebis miwis simcire<br />
da simwire, demografiuli<br />
mdgomareoba, maT Soris, gamwvavebuli<br />
migraciuli procesebi) ga-<br />
TvaliswinebiT maRalmTiani dasaxlebis<br />
statusi mianiWos dasaxlebas,<br />
romelic zRvis donidan aranakleb<br />
800 metris simaRleze mdebareobs.<br />
gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, am<br />
28<br />
punqtiT gansazRvruli kriteriumebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, maRalm-<br />
Tiani dasaxlebis statusi SeiZleba<br />
zRvis donidan 800 metris sima-<br />
Rleze qveviT mdebare dasaxlebasac<br />
mieniWos. statusi adgilobrivi<br />
moqalaqeebisTvis ramdenime<br />
SeRavaTs iTvaliswinebs da gaTvlilia<br />
imisaTvis, rom mosaxleoba<br />
sofelSi dabrundes da darCes.<br />
Tumca statusi yvelasTvis advilad<br />
mosapovebeli ver aRmoCnda<br />
da ramdenime maRalmTiani sofeli<br />
dRes statusis gareSea darCenili,<br />
rac ukve wlebia, didi protestis<br />
sagania.<br />
- ra konkretul SeRavaTebs<br />
iTvaliswinebs es kanonproeqti<br />
mTis mosaxleobisTvis da ramdenad<br />
efeqtiania gadadgmuli nabijebi<br />
mTidan migraciuli procesebis<br />
SesaCereblad?<br />
saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs ma-<br />
RalmTian dasaxlebaSi Semdegi socialuri<br />
SeRavaTebis dawesebas:<br />
sapensio asaks miRweuli maRalm-<br />
Tian dasaxlebaSi mudmivad mcxovrebi<br />
pirisTvis, romelic yovelTviurad<br />
iRebs saxelmwifo pensias,<br />
socialuri daxmarebis saxiT,<br />
saqarTvelos Sesabamisi wlis saxelmwifo<br />
biujetis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos<br />
kanoniT gansazRvruli saxelmwifo<br />
pensiis odenobis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
yovelTviuri danamatis<br />
– saxelmwifo pensiis aranakleb<br />
20 procentis – micemas. aseve gansazRvrulia<br />
mTaSi momuSave eqimebisa<br />
da sxva samedicino personalisTvis<br />
garda anazRaurebisa garkveuli<br />
danamatebis gacemac, zamTar-<br />
Si mZime garemo pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
saxelmwifo aseve valdebulebas<br />
iRebs mTaSi mudmivad mcxovreb<br />
pirTa gaTbobis uzrunvelyofis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
socialuri SeRavaTebi aseve<br />
moicavs ganaTlebis, energetikisa<br />
da sxva mniSvnelovan sferoebs,<br />
romelic mTaSi mcxovrebi adamianebis<br />
yoveldRiur cxovrebas exeba.<br />
es kanonproeqti Tavisi arsiT<br />
da pirobebiT misaRebia 21 wlis<br />
SoTi wiklaurisTvis, romelic<br />
warmoSobiT duSeTis raionis sofel<br />
zemo baxanidanaa. amJamad es<br />
sofeli mTlianad dacarielebulia<br />
da aq mosaxleoba ukve didi<br />
xania, aRar cxovrobs:<br />
„Cemi soflidan migracia XX<br />
saukunis dasawyisSi daiwyo. mTas<br />
Zalian gauWirda, ar iyo sakvebi,<br />
gza, sxva sacxovrebeli pirobebi.<br />
ase aRmoCnda gudamayris mosaxleobis<br />
nawili Sida qarTlsa da qvemo<br />
qarTlSi. soflebi dResac icleba,<br />
ramdenime komliRaa darCenili.<br />
zamTrobiT gansakuTrebiT icleba<br />
mTis soflebi. civi zamTari icis<br />
CvenTan, mxolod ramdenime moxuciRa<br />
rCeba.<br />
rac Seexeba am sakanonmdeblo<br />
cvlilebebs, realobaSi naklebad<br />
efeqtiani gamodga, Tumca mainc<br />
sasikeTo cvlilebaa da am problemis<br />
prevenciis erT-erTi kargi sa-<br />
Sualeba”.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom sakanonmdeblo<br />
doneze garkveuli nabijebi<br />
idgmeba, faqti faqtad rCeba da<br />
mTis soflebis gaukacrielebisa<br />
da dacarielebis faqtebi yoveld-<br />
Riurad izrdeba.<br />
mTis ganviTarebisa da meti xelSewyobis<br />
aucileblobaze amaxvilebs<br />
yuradRebas 28 wlis jarji<br />
baSinuriZe. is warmoSobiT TuSe-<br />
Tidan, sofel koklaTidanaa. sofeli<br />
mTlianad dacarielebulia<br />
da aq mxolod zafxulobiT adis<br />
ramdenime ojaxi:<br />
„ar iyo CvenTan gza, infrastruqtura,<br />
kavSiri civilizaciasTan _<br />
is, rac yvelaze metad sWirdeba<br />
axalgazrdebs. gza neli tempiT ke-<br />
Tdeba. msoflio bankis dafinansebuli<br />
proeqtia. es kargia, samuSao<br />
adgilebic Cndeba da ugzoobis<br />
problemac mogvardeba, Tumca<br />
zamTrobiT aq cxovreba mainc Seu-<br />
Zlebelia.<br />
buneba ar gvaZlevs TiTqos aq<br />
cxovrebis saSualebas, Tumca mTieli<br />
mTis erTgulia da sul mcire<br />
xelSewyobac rom iyos, aqaurobas<br />
arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar datovebs.<br />
turistuli zonis gamravalferovnebaa<br />
aucilebeli. am kuTxiT<br />
gegmebi maqvs, „karvebis qalaqis”<br />
proeqtis wardgenasa da ganxorcielebas<br />
vapireb”.<br />
`mTis saministros Seqmnas sjobs, kargad gaerkvnen<br />
Tavad termin mTis mniSvnelobaSi. mTis simaRle<br />
xom zRvis donidan ar izomeba da mis<br />
ganmsazRvrel kriteriumad SeiZleba mTis<br />
daxriloba, misi ekonomikuri funqcia da<br />
sargeblianoba miviCnioT. jer amis codnaa saWiro<br />
da mere, Tundac, saministros mTis ewodos,<br />
Tundac, yinulisa da Tundac, - mwvervalis~<br />
buneba rom mbrZanebelia, amaSi<br />
90-iani wlebis bolos maRalmTiani<br />
aWaris mosaxlebac darwmunda. gax-<br />
Sirebulma bunebrivma kataklizmebma<br />
aTasobiT adamiani ekomigrantad<br />
aqcia da mSobliur keras moswyvita.<br />
Sedegi aqac savalaloa. xulos<br />
raionSi umetesi soflebi<br />
srulad daclili da gaukacrielebulia.<br />
maRalmTian regionebSi zvavis,<br />
miwisZvrisa da sxva geologiuri<br />
problemebis gamo bevri saxli dazianebuli<br />
da sacxovreblad uvargisia,<br />
amitom soflebi mosaxleobisgan<br />
nel-nela icleba.<br />
garemos erovnuli saagentos<br />
monacemebiT bolo wlebSi stiqiebis<br />
masStabebi mkveTrad gaizarda<br />
da ufro met aqtivacias ganicdis.<br />
es yovelive ekomigrantebis gansakuTrebiT<br />
did da mzard raodenobaSi<br />
aisaxeba. bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
bunebrivi katastrofebis<br />
Sedegad saqarTveloSi stiqiis<br />
msxverplTa raodenobam 400-s miaRwia,<br />
xolo zarali 500 milion<br />
aSS dolarze metia. yovelive es ki<br />
aisaxeba ekomigrantebis gansakuTrebiT<br />
did da mzard raodenobaSi.<br />
saqarTveloSi ekologiuri migraciebis<br />
masStabis mixedviT, Sei-<br />
Zleba iTqvas, ori piki gamoiyofa:<br />
svaneTi-aWaris 1987 wlis da raWaleCxumisa<br />
da imereTis regionebis<br />
1991 wlis.<br />
ekomigrantebis gansaxleba, ZiriTadad,<br />
aWaris maRalmTianeTidan<br />
mimdinareobs, radgan aWara ukiduresad<br />
mciremiwian regions warmoadgens<br />
da bunebrivi katastrofebis<br />
maRali sixSiriTac gamoir-<br />
Ceva.<br />
maRalmTiani aWaridan saqarTvelos<br />
sxvadasxva regionSi, wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi, 9 aTas ojaxze meti,<br />
daaxloebiT, 40 aTasi adamiani gansaxlda.<br />
42 wlis nana SainiZe ekomigrati<br />
90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi gaxda.<br />
dRes igi qalaq lanCxuTSi cx-<br />
ovrobs ojaxTan erTad:<br />
„warmoSobiT xulos raionis<br />
sofel rafTidan var. Cvens<br />
sofelSi xSiri iyo mewyeri, 4-jer<br />
gagvtaca mdinarem xidi, ar iyo gza,<br />
gasarTobi axalgazrdebisTvis da<br />
bunebrivia, sofelic daicala.<br />
gaukacrielda Cemi ubani, romelsac<br />
puris yanas veZaxdiT.<br />
garda am garemo pirobebisa da<br />
im safrTxeebisa, rac stiqiur ubedurebebs<br />
ukavSirdeba, aseve safrTxe<br />
mezobeli TurqeTidan SefarviTi<br />
formebiT iCens Tavs. jer<br />
kidev Cems bavSvobaSi ambobdnen,<br />
rom xixanis cixesTan, romelic<br />
Tamar mefis dros aSenda, Turqebi<br />
mavTulxlarTebidan Wridnen<br />
celiT balaxs. saWiroa amaze yuradRebis<br />
miqcevac”.<br />
2015-17 wlebis saqarTvelos<br />
regionuli ganviTarebis programaSi<br />
naTqvamia, rom Sida migraciis<br />
Sesaxeb sistemuri monacemebi ar<br />
arsebobs. es calke problemaa.<br />
- sainteresoa, ratom ar interesdebian<br />
am seriozuli proble-<br />
miT da ratom ar ikvleven mas?!<br />
rac Seexeba transports, programaSi<br />
aseve miTiTebulia, rom<br />
transportis nakleboba da cudi<br />
gzebi xSiri problemaa gansakuTrebiT<br />
maRalmTian regionebSi.<br />
programis mixedviT gamoikveTa<br />
mTis soflebis dacarielebis ZiriTadi<br />
mizezebi: ara wyali, ara deni,<br />
ara gza da Sesabamisad, aRarc<br />
_ adamiani!<br />
Sida migraciis gaaqtiurebasa<br />
da mis gamomwvev mizezebze „qron-<br />
ika+~-s Tsu-s profesori, sazoga-<br />
doebrivi geografiis leqtori,<br />
batoni giorgi kvinikaZe esaubre-<br />
ba:<br />
_ migracia erTi faqtoriT ki<br />
ara, faqtorTa erTobliobiTaa<br />
ganpirobebuli. 90-ianebis bolos<br />
Cvens qveyanas, faqtobrivad, ar<br />
hqonda ekonomika, amas Tan daerTo<br />
mwvave konfliqti regionSi da<br />
procesebic garTulda. aman ekonomikuri<br />
stagnacia gamoiwvia.<br />
mTasa da barSi cxovrebis doneebs<br />
Soris gaCnda sxvaoba, ramac gaaaqtiura<br />
urbanizacia _ mosaxleobis<br />
qalaqebSi gadasaxleba. samuSao<br />
Zalebi aRmosavleTisa da dasavle-<br />
Tis qalaqebSi araTanabrad gadanawilda<br />
da mTelma Zalam TbilisSi<br />
moiyara Tavi.<br />
calke gamosayofia is sakiTxic,<br />
rom realurad Cvens qveyanas gamagrebuli<br />
da daculi sazRvari ar<br />
gaaCnia. sabWoTa kavSirSi ar momxdara<br />
Cveni sazRvrebis demarkacia<br />
da mas Semdeg daucvelia saqarTvelos<br />
CrdiloeT, aRmosavleT da<br />
samxreT sazRvari. globalizaciis<br />
procesSi ar rCeba carieli adgili,<br />
amitomac realurad miviCnev<br />
safrTxes, rom dacarielebul<br />
mTis soflebs ucxotomelebi daikaveben,<br />
Tan amis praqtika istoriaSi<br />
gvaqvs.<br />
_ problemis gadaWris gzad ra<br />
gesaxebaT?<br />
_ mTaSi gavrcelebuli saxeobis<br />
_ mecxoveleobis ganviTareba, aseve<br />
mTisTvis turistuli funqciis<br />
srulad miniWeba da aTviseba.<br />
mTis saministros Seqmnas sjobs,<br />
kargad gaerkvnen Tavad termin<br />
mTis mniSvnelobaSi. mTis simaRle<br />
xom zRvis donidan ar izomeba da<br />
mis ganmsazRvrel kriteriumad SeiZleba<br />
mTis daxriloba, misi ekonomikuri<br />
funqcia da sargeblianoba<br />
miviCnioT. jer amis codnaa sa-<br />
Wiro da mere, Tundac, saministros<br />
mTis ewodos, Tundac, yinulisa da<br />
Tundac, _ mwvervalis.<br />
28 N16 (237) 15.05-21.05.2018 w.
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