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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
6 saprezidento, 6 adgilobrivi<br />
1990 wlis saparlamento<br />
arCevnebi<br />
zustad 28 wlis win, zustad 28<br />
oqtombers, SesaZlebeli gaxda<br />
mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Catareba.<br />
es arCevnebi gaxda, erTi<br />
mxriv, safuZveli Cveni damoukideblobis<br />
aRdgenisa da, meore<br />
mxriv, _ sababi didi ganxeTqilebis.<br />
am istoriul arCevnebs win uZ-<br />
Roda qarTuli politikuri speqtris<br />
orad gaxleCa. kerZod, 1990<br />
wlis 11-13 marts filarmoniaSi<br />
Catarebul konferenciaze, romelzedac<br />
erovnul moZraobaSi<br />
CarTuli yvela araformaluri<br />
gaerTianeba iyo miwveuli, ori<br />
radikalurad gansxvavebuli pozicia<br />
Camoyalibda. erT nawils<br />
(„mrgvali magida _ Tavisufali<br />
saqarTvelo” da maTi momxre partiebi)<br />
aucileblad miaCnda sab-<br />
WoTa kavSiris kanonebiT arCevnebis<br />
Catareba, arCevnebis mogeba da<br />
am gziT mopovebuli xelisuflebis<br />
gamoyeneba ssrk-dan gasvlisTvis.<br />
meore nawili ki (edp, erovnuli<br />
damoukideblobis partia, konservatoruli<br />
partia, „mxedrioni”)<br />
arCevnebis gziT politikur<br />
ganviTarebas SeuZleblad miiCnevda<br />
da moiTxovda sabWoTa armiis<br />
gayvanas saqarTvelodan. maisis<br />
bolos maT („erovnuli kongresi”)<br />
zviad gamsaxurdiam antierovnuli<br />
moZraoba uwoda, „erovnulma kongresma”<br />
ki, Tavis mxriv, erovnuli<br />
yriloba Caatara, sadac gadawyda,<br />
arCevnebSi monawileoba ar mieRoT.<br />
maT „mrgvali magida” erovnuli<br />
interesebis Ralatsa da qar-<br />
Tveli eris SecdomaSi SeyvanaSi<br />
daadanaSaules.<br />
maT agitpropagandas jer amomrCevlis<br />
aqtivobam gasca pasuxi da<br />
Semdeg ukve istoriam. 3 444 002<br />
amomrCevlidan maT mier boikotirebul<br />
arCevnebze 2 406 742<br />
adamiani mivida. amomrCevels 250<br />
deputati unda aerCia arCevnebSi<br />
monawile 14 politikuri partiidan,<br />
magram maTgan 4%-iani barieri<br />
mxolod orma partiam<br />
„mrgvali magida _ Tavisufali<br />
saqarTvelom” da komunisturma<br />
partiam gadalaxa. proporciuli<br />
wesiT 81 mandati „mrgvalma magidam”<br />
moipova, 44 ki komunistebma.<br />
maJoritaruli mandatebi ase ga-<br />
rezo SatakiSvili<br />
rac Tavi maxsovs, sul viRacas<br />
da raRacas virCevT _ xan prezi-<br />
597 94 42 50<br />
dents, xan adgilobriv xelisuflebas,<br />
xanac _ parlaments. rogorc wesi, gvatyueben: msuye da-<br />
pirebebiT, ostaturi sloganebiT. rogorc wesi, gviyalbeben<br />
arCevnebs da gvparaven arCevans da rogorc wesi, saboloo jamSi,<br />
vrCebiT motyuebulni. ramden arCevnebs aRar gadavaxtiT da Wkua<br />
mainc ver viswavleT, yovel arCevnebs ise vxvdebiT, gegoneba, cx-<br />
ovrebaSi arCevani ar gagvekeTebinos da pirvelad vakeTebdeT.<br />
erTad gadavxedoT, ra gza<br />
gamoviareT 1990 wlidan moyole-<br />
buli, anu mas Semdeg, rac swored<br />
arCevnebis gziT daesva wertili<br />
saqarTveloSi komunistebis bog-<br />
ins. es oficialurad, Torem swored<br />
kumunistebis mier ganxor-<br />
cielda maleve nomenklaturuli<br />
revanSi da ukve aTas partias amofarebulni<br />
mobrundnen xelisu-<br />
flebaSi da ager dRemde ver<br />
mogviSTia da mogviSorebia.<br />
nawilda: „mrgvalma magidam” 43<br />
deputati gaiyvana, komunistebma _<br />
17, saxalxo frontma _ 11, „demokratiulma<br />
saqarTvelom” – 2,<br />
rusTavelis sazogadoebam _ 1. 41<br />
damoukidebeli kandidati iyo.<br />
mokled, uzenaes sabWoSi 124 mandati<br />
moipova da xelisuflebaSi<br />
movida „mrgvali magida”. 1990<br />
wlis 14 noembers Catarda axlad<br />
arCeuli uzenaesi sabWos pirveli<br />
sesia, romelmac uzenaesi sabWos<br />
Tavmjdomared airCia zviad gamsaxurdia.<br />
swored am uzenaesma sabWom<br />
gamoacxada saqarTvelos<br />
damoukideblobis aRdgena.<br />
1991 wlis saprezidento<br />
arCevnebi<br />
1991 wlis 26 maiss pirvelad<br />
gaimarTa saprezidento arCevnebi.<br />
saqarTvelos istoriaSi yvelaze<br />
meti amomrCeveli iyo swored am<br />
arCevnebze (3 594 810) da yvelaze<br />
didi aqtivoba iyo swored am<br />
arCevnebze! arCevnebze mivida 2<br />
978 247 adamiani da maTgan 2 565<br />
362-ma xma misca zviad gamsaxurdias.<br />
prezidentobisTvis 6 kandidati<br />
ibrZoda da maT Soris procentulad<br />
Semdegnairad ganawilda<br />
xmebi: zviad gamsaxurdia _<br />
87,03%; valerian advaZe _ 7,17%;<br />
jemal miqelaZe _ 1,58%; nodar<br />
naTaZe _ 1,14%; irakli Sengelaia<br />
_ 0,88 %; Tamaz kvaWantiraZe _<br />
0,25%.<br />
26 maiss airCies, cxeli zafxulis<br />
sami Tve Zlivs acales, seqtembris<br />
dadgomisTanave aqciebi<br />
augores da saSobaod daamxes<br />
kidec 2 565 362 adamianis mier<br />
arCeuli prezidenti... sisxlian<br />
xelebs dRemde arxeinad ifSvneten<br />
da, ratomRac, ledi makbetisgan<br />
gansxvavebiT arc sindisis<br />
xma agiJebT da arc namusis da<br />
kidev makbetis afTari coli iyo<br />
sisxlismsmeli afTari da eseni _<br />
znekeTili arsebebi.<br />
1992 wlis saparlamento<br />
arCevnebi<br />
mokled moxda didi istoriuli<br />
da sisxliani bozoba _ aRviraxsnili<br />
bozoba, ruseTis specsamsaxurebisa<br />
da jarebis mxardaWeriT<br />
erTma muWa nomenklaturam,<br />
vake-veris bozobam kidev erTiori<br />
muWa sasargeblo idiotebi<br />
aiyolies da 2 565 362 adamianis<br />
arCeuli prezidenti daamxes. kulisebidan<br />
gamovida „gmiri” _ SevardnaZe.<br />
samxedro sabWom Zalaufleba<br />
saxelmwifo sabWos gadaabara.<br />
Zalaufleba aiRes, magram am<br />
yvelafers legitimacia sWirdeboda<br />
da daniSnes saparlamento<br />
arCevnebi. moigones yovlad gaugonari<br />
saarCevno sistema. yvelas<br />
guli rom moegoT, barieri 40-dan<br />
2%-mde dawies. proporciuli da<br />
maJoritaruli arCevnebisTvis sxvadasxva<br />
oleqi iyo gamoyofili,<br />
proporciul sistemaSi sambaliani<br />
sistemiT xdeboda kenWisyra _ Ti-<br />
Toeul amomrCevels sami xma hqonda.<br />
kvotebis dadgena da xmebis<br />
daTvla xdeboda mravalmandatiani<br />
olqebis doneze, darCenili<br />
xmebi preferenciulad nawildeboda<br />
saerTo erovnul doneze...<br />
arCevnebSi monawileobda 36 partia<br />
da bloki da maTgan barieri<br />
24-ma gadalaxa. 6-ma partiam TiTo<br />
kaci gaiyvana, 5-ma partiam _ orori,<br />
samma partiam _ 4-4, merab kostavas<br />
sazogadoebam _ 5, ilia Wav-<br />
WavaZis sazogadoebam da tradicionalistTa<br />
kavSirma _ 7-7, „qartia-91"-ma<br />
_ 9, demokratiulma<br />
partiam _ 10, mwvaneTa partiam _<br />
11, edepem _ 12, blokma „erTobam”<br />
– 14, blokma „11 oqtomberi” –<br />
18, blokma „mSvidobam” – 29.<br />
aseTi mravalpartiuli arCevnebi<br />
saqarTvelos arc manamde hyolia,<br />
arc Semdeg. maSin Sevardna-<br />
Zis amocana iyo, yvela „imelis”<br />
darbazSi Seeyvana da yvelas ambicia<br />
met-naklebad daekmayofilebina.<br />
realurad, yvela politikuri<br />
Zala monawile gaexada im<br />
istoriuli bozobis, danarCeni ki<br />
gaeriya da moexdina maTi marginalizeba,<br />
rasac SesaniSnavad gaarTva<br />
kidec Tavi bozebis meore<br />
bastionis _ dRevandeli sazmaus<br />
winapris _ pirveli arxis meSveobiT.<br />
xvretdnen mitingebs, rasac<br />
ar aSuqebdnen, samagierod aSuqebdnen<br />
mitingebs rogor? mitingze<br />
ipovidnen ramdenime agresiul,<br />
kaparCxana qals, maT uRebdnen,<br />
maTgan iRebdnen komentars da qmnidnen<br />
suraTs, rom yvela aseTi<br />
iyo, arada, im mitingebze dadioda<br />
lia eliava, iza gigoSvili, latavra<br />
foCiani, saxelovnebo da<br />
samecnero sferos araerTi warmomadgeneli,<br />
magram maT kameras<br />
aravin akarebda, Segnebulad xdeboda<br />
demonizacia...<br />
1992 wlis parlamenti saqar-<br />
Tvelos istoriaSi dRemde rCeba<br />
yvelaze eqscentrikul parlamentad,<br />
realurad es iyo didi sacirko<br />
sanaxaoba...<br />
1995 wlis saparlamento-<br />
saprezidento arCevnebi<br />
viTareba radikalurad Seicvala,<br />
rogorc ki SevardnaZem poziciebi<br />
gaimyara. 1995 wlis arCevnebisTvis<br />
mas ukve aRar sWirdeboda<br />
amdeni kudi mowmed, barieri<br />
2%-dan 5%-ze awies da, Sesabamisad,<br />
arCevnebSi monawile 53<br />
partiidan barieri mxolod samma<br />
partiam gadalaxa: „moqalaqeTa<br />
kavSirma”, „edepem” da „aRorZinebam”.<br />
im arCevnebze amomrCevel-<br />
Ta saerTo raodenoba iyo _ 3 121<br />
075. arCevnebSi monawileoba miiRo<br />
_ 2 127 946-ma, anu amomrCevelTa<br />
68,18%-ma. Tu amas SevadarebT 1991<br />
wlis arCevnebis amomrCevelTa<br />
ricxvsa da aqtivobas, gasagebia<br />
iqneba, rogor xdeba xalxi nelnela<br />
gulgrili arCevnebis mimarT.<br />
cxadia, aq gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />
isic, rom am dros arCevnebi<br />
veRar tardeba afxazeTsa da cxinvalis<br />
regionSi, maagram amomrCevelTa<br />
aqtivoba 3 121 075-dan<br />
iTvleboda da ara 3 594 810-dan.<br />
arCevnebze amomrCevelTa 68%<br />
mivida mxolod. Tan Tu gaviTvaliswinebT<br />
imasac, rom SevardnaZem<br />
ukve danerga arCevnebis gayalbebis<br />
aTasi xriki da fandi _ biuletenebis<br />
CayriTa da aTasi mamaZaRlobis<br />
CaTvliT, sruliad<br />
naTeli gaxdeba, rom arc 68% misula<br />
arCevnebze.<br />
imave dRes, 5 noembers, qveyana<br />
prezidentsac irCevda. kandidati<br />
isev 6 iyo. eduard SevardnaZes 1<br />
589 909 kacma misca xma. (SeadareT<br />
_ zviad gamsaxurdias xma misca 2<br />
565 362 kacma). procentulad xmebi<br />
Semdegnairad ganawilda: eduard<br />
SevardnaZe _ 74,04%; jumber<br />
patiaSvili _ 19,58%; akaki baqraZe<br />
_ 1,48%; panteleimon giorgaZe _<br />
0,5%; qarTlos RaribaSvili _<br />
0,47%; roin liparteliani _ 0,37%.<br />
1998 wlis adgilobrivi<br />
arCevnebi<br />
am arCevnebze saqarTvelos<br />
1031 sxvadasxva sakrebuloSi 10693<br />
sakrebulos wevri airCies 82 464<br />
kandidatidan.<br />
Tbilisis sakrebuloSi 55 wevri<br />
airCa, aqedan 20 mandati „moqalaqeTa<br />
kavSirma” irguna, leiboristulma<br />
partiam 12 mandati<br />
moipova, socialisturma partiam<br />
_ 9, „aRorZinebam” _ 4, saxalxo<br />
partiam _ 4, tradicionalistTa<br />
kavSirma _ 3, edp-m _ 3... am arCevnebis<br />
mimarT kidev ufro dabali<br />
iyo sazogadoebis interesi.<br />
1999 wlis saparlamento<br />
arCevnebi<br />
Tu 1995 wels barieri 5%-mde<br />
awies, am arCevnebze 7%-mde avidnen.<br />
sagulisxmoa isic, rom moqalaqeTa<br />
kavSirma barieri edp-s<br />
daxmarebiT awia 7%-mde da swored<br />
edpe datoves im arCevnebiT parlaments<br />
gareT. arCevnebSi monawile<br />
45 partiidan barieri gadalaxa<br />
mxolod „moqalaqeTa kavSirma”,<br />
„aRorZibebam” da mrewvelebma.<br />
am periodSi, jer kidev, yvavis SevardnaZis<br />
xana, magram nel-nela<br />
ukve ikveTeba krizisis, eroziis<br />
niSnebi da iwyeba dasasruli. mere<br />
ra, rom eduard SevardnaZes kvlav<br />
uproblemod irCeven meore vadiT?<br />
ki airCies, magram ar SerCeba...<br />
magram sisxliT damamxobels<br />
xaverdiT da farCiT gaistumreben,<br />
Tan zviad gamsaxurdiasaviT<br />
imqveynad ki ara, krwanisis<br />
rezidenciaSi, romelsac Semdeg<br />
saSviliSvilod daumkvidreben... es<br />
mere iqneba, manamde arCevnebia.<br />
2000 wlis saprezidento<br />
arCevnebi<br />
am arCevnebSic isev 6 kandidati<br />
monawileobda, SevardnaZis met-naklebad<br />
realuri konkurenti isev<br />
jumber patiaSvili iyo. SevardnaZem<br />
amjerad 79,82% aiRo, patiaSvilma<br />
_ 16,66%. arCevnebSi isev<br />
monawileobda qarTlos RaribaSvili,<br />
romelmac amjerad 0,34%<br />
aiRo, arCevnebSi monawiloebda<br />
vinme avTandil jogliZe (0,25%),<br />
vaJa JRenti (0,15%), Tengiz asani-<br />
Ze (0,12%).<br />
am arCevnebSi 2 343 176 amomrCeveli<br />
monawileobda, es, ra Tqma<br />
unda, rac ceskom dawera, ise aqedan<br />
ramdeni kaci mivida, kacma ar<br />
icis. amave monacemebiT, SevardnaZes<br />
xma misca 1 870 311 kacma. am<br />
arCevnebidan sami wlis Semdeg SevardnaZe<br />
saxlSi wava.<br />
2002 wlis adgilobrivi<br />
arCevnebi<br />
SevardnaZis ayiraveba swored<br />
am arCevnebidan daiwyo. am arCevn-<br />
18<br />
18 N28 (249) 18.09-24.09.2018 w.