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294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />

6 saprezidento, 6 adgilobrivi<br />

1990 wlis saparlamento<br />

arCevnebi<br />

zustad 28 wlis win, zustad 28<br />

oqtombers, SesaZlebeli gaxda<br />

mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Catareba.<br />

es arCevnebi gaxda, erTi<br />

mxriv, safuZveli Cveni damoukideblobis<br />

aRdgenisa da, meore<br />

mxriv, _ sababi didi ganxeTqilebis.<br />

am istoriul arCevnebs win uZ-<br />

Roda qarTuli politikuri speqtris<br />

orad gaxleCa. kerZod, 1990<br />

wlis 11-13 marts filarmoniaSi<br />

Catarebul konferenciaze, romelzedac<br />

erovnul moZraobaSi<br />

CarTuli yvela araformaluri<br />

gaerTianeba iyo miwveuli, ori<br />

radikalurad gansxvavebuli pozicia<br />

Camoyalibda. erT nawils<br />

(„mrgvali magida _ Tavisufali<br />

saqarTvelo” da maTi momxre partiebi)<br />

aucileblad miaCnda sab-<br />

WoTa kavSiris kanonebiT arCevnebis<br />

Catareba, arCevnebis mogeba da<br />

am gziT mopovebuli xelisuflebis<br />

gamoyeneba ssrk-dan gasvlisTvis.<br />

meore nawili ki (edp, erovnuli<br />

damoukideblobis partia, konservatoruli<br />

partia, „mxedrioni”)<br />

arCevnebis gziT politikur<br />

ganviTarebas SeuZleblad miiCnevda<br />

da moiTxovda sabWoTa armiis<br />

gayvanas saqarTvelodan. maisis<br />

bolos maT („erovnuli kongresi”)<br />

zviad gamsaxurdiam antierovnuli<br />

moZraoba uwoda, „erovnulma kongresma”<br />

ki, Tavis mxriv, erovnuli<br />

yriloba Caatara, sadac gadawyda,<br />

arCevnebSi monawileoba ar mieRoT.<br />

maT „mrgvali magida” erovnuli<br />

interesebis Ralatsa da qar-<br />

Tveli eris SecdomaSi SeyvanaSi<br />

daadanaSaules.<br />

maT agitpropagandas jer amomrCevlis<br />

aqtivobam gasca pasuxi da<br />

Semdeg ukve istoriam. 3 444 002<br />

amomrCevlidan maT mier boikotirebul<br />

arCevnebze 2 406 742<br />

adamiani mivida. amomrCevels 250<br />

deputati unda aerCia arCevnebSi<br />

monawile 14 politikuri partiidan,<br />

magram maTgan 4%-iani barieri<br />

mxolod orma partiam<br />

„mrgvali magida _ Tavisufali<br />

saqarTvelom” da komunisturma<br />

partiam gadalaxa. proporciuli<br />

wesiT 81 mandati „mrgvalma magidam”<br />

moipova, 44 ki komunistebma.<br />

maJoritaruli mandatebi ase ga-<br />

rezo SatakiSvili<br />

rac Tavi maxsovs, sul viRacas<br />

da raRacas virCevT _ xan prezi-<br />

597 94 42 50<br />

dents, xan adgilobriv xelisuflebas,<br />

xanac _ parlaments. rogorc wesi, gvatyueben: msuye da-<br />

pirebebiT, ostaturi sloganebiT. rogorc wesi, gviyalbeben<br />

arCevnebs da gvparaven arCevans da rogorc wesi, saboloo jamSi,<br />

vrCebiT motyuebulni. ramden arCevnebs aRar gadavaxtiT da Wkua<br />

mainc ver viswavleT, yovel arCevnebs ise vxvdebiT, gegoneba, cx-<br />

ovrebaSi arCevani ar gagvekeTebinos da pirvelad vakeTebdeT.<br />

erTad gadavxedoT, ra gza<br />

gamoviareT 1990 wlidan moyole-<br />

buli, anu mas Semdeg, rac swored<br />

arCevnebis gziT daesva wertili<br />

saqarTveloSi komunistebis bog-<br />

ins. es oficialurad, Torem swored<br />

kumunistebis mier ganxor-<br />

cielda maleve nomenklaturuli<br />

revanSi da ukve aTas partias amofarebulni<br />

mobrundnen xelisu-<br />

flebaSi da ager dRemde ver<br />

mogviSTia da mogviSorebia.<br />

nawilda: „mrgvalma magidam” 43<br />

deputati gaiyvana, komunistebma _<br />

17, saxalxo frontma _ 11, „demokratiulma<br />

saqarTvelom” – 2,<br />

rusTavelis sazogadoebam _ 1. 41<br />

damoukidebeli kandidati iyo.<br />

mokled, uzenaes sabWoSi 124 mandati<br />

moipova da xelisuflebaSi<br />

movida „mrgvali magida”. 1990<br />

wlis 14 noembers Catarda axlad<br />

arCeuli uzenaesi sabWos pirveli<br />

sesia, romelmac uzenaesi sabWos<br />

Tavmjdomared airCia zviad gamsaxurdia.<br />

swored am uzenaesma sabWom<br />

gamoacxada saqarTvelos<br />

damoukideblobis aRdgena.<br />

1991 wlis saprezidento<br />

arCevnebi<br />

1991 wlis 26 maiss pirvelad<br />

gaimarTa saprezidento arCevnebi.<br />

saqarTvelos istoriaSi yvelaze<br />

meti amomrCeveli iyo swored am<br />

arCevnebze (3 594 810) da yvelaze<br />

didi aqtivoba iyo swored am<br />

arCevnebze! arCevnebze mivida 2<br />

978 247 adamiani da maTgan 2 565<br />

362-ma xma misca zviad gamsaxurdias.<br />

prezidentobisTvis 6 kandidati<br />

ibrZoda da maT Soris procentulad<br />

Semdegnairad ganawilda<br />

xmebi: zviad gamsaxurdia _<br />

87,03%; valerian advaZe _ 7,17%;<br />

jemal miqelaZe _ 1,58%; nodar<br />

naTaZe _ 1,14%; irakli Sengelaia<br />

_ 0,88 %; Tamaz kvaWantiraZe _<br />

0,25%.<br />

26 maiss airCies, cxeli zafxulis<br />

sami Tve Zlivs acales, seqtembris<br />

dadgomisTanave aqciebi<br />

augores da saSobaod daamxes<br />

kidec 2 565 362 adamianis mier<br />

arCeuli prezidenti... sisxlian<br />

xelebs dRemde arxeinad ifSvneten<br />

da, ratomRac, ledi makbetisgan<br />

gansxvavebiT arc sindisis<br />

xma agiJebT da arc namusis da<br />

kidev makbetis afTari coli iyo<br />

sisxlismsmeli afTari da eseni _<br />

znekeTili arsebebi.<br />

1992 wlis saparlamento<br />

arCevnebi<br />

mokled moxda didi istoriuli<br />

da sisxliani bozoba _ aRviraxsnili<br />

bozoba, ruseTis specsamsaxurebisa<br />

da jarebis mxardaWeriT<br />

erTma muWa nomenklaturam,<br />

vake-veris bozobam kidev erTiori<br />

muWa sasargeblo idiotebi<br />

aiyolies da 2 565 362 adamianis<br />

arCeuli prezidenti daamxes. kulisebidan<br />

gamovida „gmiri” _ SevardnaZe.<br />

samxedro sabWom Zalaufleba<br />

saxelmwifo sabWos gadaabara.<br />

Zalaufleba aiRes, magram am<br />

yvelafers legitimacia sWirdeboda<br />

da daniSnes saparlamento<br />

arCevnebi. moigones yovlad gaugonari<br />

saarCevno sistema. yvelas<br />

guli rom moegoT, barieri 40-dan<br />

2%-mde dawies. proporciuli da<br />

maJoritaruli arCevnebisTvis sxvadasxva<br />

oleqi iyo gamoyofili,<br />

proporciul sistemaSi sambaliani<br />

sistemiT xdeboda kenWisyra _ Ti-<br />

Toeul amomrCevels sami xma hqonda.<br />

kvotebis dadgena da xmebis<br />

daTvla xdeboda mravalmandatiani<br />

olqebis doneze, darCenili<br />

xmebi preferenciulad nawildeboda<br />

saerTo erovnul doneze...<br />

arCevnebSi monawileobda 36 partia<br />

da bloki da maTgan barieri<br />

24-ma gadalaxa. 6-ma partiam TiTo<br />

kaci gaiyvana, 5-ma partiam _ orori,<br />

samma partiam _ 4-4, merab kostavas<br />

sazogadoebam _ 5, ilia Wav-<br />

WavaZis sazogadoebam da tradicionalistTa<br />

kavSirma _ 7-7, „qartia-91"-ma<br />

_ 9, demokratiulma<br />

partiam _ 10, mwvaneTa partiam _<br />

11, edepem _ 12, blokma „erTobam”<br />

– 14, blokma „11 oqtomberi” –<br />

18, blokma „mSvidobam” – 29.<br />

aseTi mravalpartiuli arCevnebi<br />

saqarTvelos arc manamde hyolia,<br />

arc Semdeg. maSin Sevardna-<br />

Zis amocana iyo, yvela „imelis”<br />

darbazSi Seeyvana da yvelas ambicia<br />

met-naklebad daekmayofilebina.<br />

realurad, yvela politikuri<br />

Zala monawile gaexada im<br />

istoriuli bozobis, danarCeni ki<br />

gaeriya da moexdina maTi marginalizeba,<br />

rasac SesaniSnavad gaarTva<br />

kidec Tavi bozebis meore<br />

bastionis _ dRevandeli sazmaus<br />

winapris _ pirveli arxis meSveobiT.<br />

xvretdnen mitingebs, rasac<br />

ar aSuqebdnen, samagierod aSuqebdnen<br />

mitingebs rogor? mitingze<br />

ipovidnen ramdenime agresiul,<br />

kaparCxana qals, maT uRebdnen,<br />

maTgan iRebdnen komentars da qmnidnen<br />

suraTs, rom yvela aseTi<br />

iyo, arada, im mitingebze dadioda<br />

lia eliava, iza gigoSvili, latavra<br />

foCiani, saxelovnebo da<br />

samecnero sferos araerTi warmomadgeneli,<br />

magram maT kameras<br />

aravin akarebda, Segnebulad xdeboda<br />

demonizacia...<br />

1992 wlis parlamenti saqar-<br />

Tvelos istoriaSi dRemde rCeba<br />

yvelaze eqscentrikul parlamentad,<br />

realurad es iyo didi sacirko<br />

sanaxaoba...<br />

1995 wlis saparlamento-<br />

saprezidento arCevnebi<br />

viTareba radikalurad Seicvala,<br />

rogorc ki SevardnaZem poziciebi<br />

gaimyara. 1995 wlis arCevnebisTvis<br />

mas ukve aRar sWirdeboda<br />

amdeni kudi mowmed, barieri<br />

2%-dan 5%-ze awies da, Sesabamisad,<br />

arCevnebSi monawile 53<br />

partiidan barieri mxolod samma<br />

partiam gadalaxa: „moqalaqeTa<br />

kavSirma”, „edepem” da „aRorZinebam”.<br />

im arCevnebze amomrCevel-<br />

Ta saerTo raodenoba iyo _ 3 121<br />

075. arCevnebSi monawileoba miiRo<br />

_ 2 127 946-ma, anu amomrCevelTa<br />

68,18%-ma. Tu amas SevadarebT 1991<br />

wlis arCevnebis amomrCevelTa<br />

ricxvsa da aqtivobas, gasagebia<br />

iqneba, rogor xdeba xalxi nelnela<br />

gulgrili arCevnebis mimarT.<br />

cxadia, aq gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />

isic, rom am dros arCevnebi<br />

veRar tardeba afxazeTsa da cxinvalis<br />

regionSi, maagram amomrCevelTa<br />

aqtivoba 3 121 075-dan<br />

iTvleboda da ara 3 594 810-dan.<br />

arCevnebze amomrCevelTa 68%<br />

mivida mxolod. Tan Tu gaviTvaliswinebT<br />

imasac, rom SevardnaZem<br />

ukve danerga arCevnebis gayalbebis<br />

aTasi xriki da fandi _ biuletenebis<br />

CayriTa da aTasi mamaZaRlobis<br />

CaTvliT, sruliad<br />

naTeli gaxdeba, rom arc 68% misula<br />

arCevnebze.<br />

imave dRes, 5 noembers, qveyana<br />

prezidentsac irCevda. kandidati<br />

isev 6 iyo. eduard SevardnaZes 1<br />

589 909 kacma misca xma. (SeadareT<br />

_ zviad gamsaxurdias xma misca 2<br />

565 362 kacma). procentulad xmebi<br />

Semdegnairad ganawilda: eduard<br />

SevardnaZe _ 74,04%; jumber<br />

patiaSvili _ 19,58%; akaki baqraZe<br />

_ 1,48%; panteleimon giorgaZe _<br />

0,5%; qarTlos RaribaSvili _<br />

0,47%; roin liparteliani _ 0,37%.<br />

1998 wlis adgilobrivi<br />

arCevnebi<br />

am arCevnebze saqarTvelos<br />

1031 sxvadasxva sakrebuloSi 10693<br />

sakrebulos wevri airCies 82 464<br />

kandidatidan.<br />

Tbilisis sakrebuloSi 55 wevri<br />

airCa, aqedan 20 mandati „moqalaqeTa<br />

kavSirma” irguna, leiboristulma<br />

partiam 12 mandati<br />

moipova, socialisturma partiam<br />

_ 9, „aRorZinebam” _ 4, saxalxo<br />

partiam _ 4, tradicionalistTa<br />

kavSirma _ 3, edp-m _ 3... am arCevnebis<br />

mimarT kidev ufro dabali<br />

iyo sazogadoebis interesi.<br />

1999 wlis saparlamento<br />

arCevnebi<br />

Tu 1995 wels barieri 5%-mde<br />

awies, am arCevnebze 7%-mde avidnen.<br />

sagulisxmoa isic, rom moqalaqeTa<br />

kavSirma barieri edp-s<br />

daxmarebiT awia 7%-mde da swored<br />

edpe datoves im arCevnebiT parlaments<br />

gareT. arCevnebSi monawile<br />

45 partiidan barieri gadalaxa<br />

mxolod „moqalaqeTa kavSirma”,<br />

„aRorZibebam” da mrewvelebma.<br />

am periodSi, jer kidev, yvavis SevardnaZis<br />

xana, magram nel-nela<br />

ukve ikveTeba krizisis, eroziis<br />

niSnebi da iwyeba dasasruli. mere<br />

ra, rom eduard SevardnaZes kvlav<br />

uproblemod irCeven meore vadiT?<br />

ki airCies, magram ar SerCeba...<br />

magram sisxliT damamxobels<br />

xaverdiT da farCiT gaistumreben,<br />

Tan zviad gamsaxurdiasaviT<br />

imqveynad ki ara, krwanisis<br />

rezidenciaSi, romelsac Semdeg<br />

saSviliSvilod daumkvidreben... es<br />

mere iqneba, manamde arCevnebia.<br />

2000 wlis saprezidento<br />

arCevnebi<br />

am arCevnebSic isev 6 kandidati<br />

monawileobda, SevardnaZis met-naklebad<br />

realuri konkurenti isev<br />

jumber patiaSvili iyo. SevardnaZem<br />

amjerad 79,82% aiRo, patiaSvilma<br />

_ 16,66%. arCevnebSi isev<br />

monawileobda qarTlos RaribaSvili,<br />

romelmac amjerad 0,34%<br />

aiRo, arCevnebSi monawiloebda<br />

vinme avTandil jogliZe (0,25%),<br />

vaJa JRenti (0,15%), Tengiz asani-<br />

Ze (0,12%).<br />

am arCevnebSi 2 343 176 amomrCeveli<br />

monawileobda, es, ra Tqma<br />

unda, rac ceskom dawera, ise aqedan<br />

ramdeni kaci mivida, kacma ar<br />

icis. amave monacemebiT, SevardnaZes<br />

xma misca 1 870 311 kacma. am<br />

arCevnebidan sami wlis Semdeg SevardnaZe<br />

saxlSi wava.<br />

2002 wlis adgilobrivi<br />

arCevnebi<br />

SevardnaZis ayiraveba swored<br />

am arCevnebidan daiwyo. am arCevn-<br />

18<br />

18 N28 (249) 18.09-24.09.2018 w.

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